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authorPaweł Redman <pawel.redman@gmail.com>2026-06-14 19:11:45 +0200
committerPaweł Redman <pawel.redman@gmail.com>2026-06-14 19:11:45 +0200
commitcbd693043b83c1d997c52f6c3fca83c6a7a37e28 (patch)
tree2dc74ba212b077857f2da37fe99960631690ffd6 /site/content/integrating_cos2x.typ
parent0c1c00b3fc2a880c18f6f98d87372dc91451b0b0 (diff)
Migrate math notes to Typst.
Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>
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-#import "/common.typ": post, link-self
-
-#show: post.with(
- title: "Integrating cos² x",
- date: datetime(year: 2018, month: 5, day: 1),
-)
-
-$
- integral cos^2 x dif x = (x + sin x cos x) / 2 + C
-$
-
-= Using the Pythagorean identity
-
-Integrate by parts using $u = cos x, d u = -sin x$ and $v = sin x, d v = cos x$:
-
-$
- & integral cos x cos x dif x = sin x cos x - integral -sin x sin x dif x \
- & integral cos^2 x dif x = sin x cos x + integral sin^2 x dif x
-$
-
-Add $integral (cos x)^2 dif x$ to both sides:
-
-$
- 2 integral cos^2 x dif x = sin x cos x + integral sin^2 x dif x + integral cos^2 x dif x
-$
-
-Apply integral linearity:
-
-$
- 2 integral cos^2 x dif x = sin x cos x + integral (sin^2 x + cos^2 x) dif x
-$
-
-Apply the Pythagorean identity and divide both sides by 2:
-
-$
- 2 integral cos^2 x dif x &= sin x cos x + integral 1 dif x \
- & = sin x cos x + x + C \
- integral cos^2 x dif x &= (x + sin x cos x) / 2 + C
-$
-
-= Using the double angle formula
-
-#html.elem("aside", attrs: (class: "warning"))[
- Careful! This derivation differs from the one in #link-self("integrating_sin2x")[integrating_sin2x] by just a sign.
-]
-
-Rewrite the integral using the double angle formula for the cosine:
-
-$
- integral cos^2 x dif x = integral (1 + cos 2 x) / 2 dif x
-$
-
-Substitute $u = 2 x, d u = 2 dif x$:
-
-$
- integral (1 + cos 2 x) / 2 dif x &= integral (1 + cos u) / 2 1 / 2 dif u \
- &= 1 / 4 (integral 1 dif u + integral cos u dif u) \
- &= (u + sin u + C) / 4
-$
-
-Substitute back and simplify:
-
-$
- (u + sin u + C) / 4 &= (2 x + sin 2 x + C) / 4 \
- &= (x + (sin 2 x) / 2) / 2 + C \
- &= (x + sin x cos x) / 2 + C
-$