* Abstract attachment system

* Scriptable trails system
* Various other stuff I'm too tired to try and remember now

13 files changed, 2080 insertions, 1144 deletions

diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_attachment.c b/src/cgame/cg_attachment.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8f20d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_attachment.c
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// cg_attachment.c -- an abstract attachment system
+
+/*
+ *  Portions Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Tim Angus
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ *  under the terms of the OSML - Open Source Modification License v1.0 as
+ *  described in the file COPYING which is distributed with this source
+ *  code.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include "cg_local.h"
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachmentPoint
+
+Return the attachment point
+===============
+*/
+qboolean CG_AttachmentPoint( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v )
+{
+  centity_t   *cent;
+
+  if( !a )
+    return qfalse;
+
+  switch( a->type )
+  {
+    case AT_STATIC:
+      if( !a->staticValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      VectorCopy( a->origin, v );
+      break;
+
+    case AT_TAG:
+      if( !a->tagValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      AxisCopy( axisDefault, a->re.axis );
+      CG_PositionRotatedEntityOnTag( &a->re, &a->parent,
+                                     a->model, a->tagName );
+      VectorCopy( a->re.origin, v );
+      break;
+
+    case AT_CENT:
+      if( !a->centValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      if( a->centNum == cg.predictedPlayerState.clientNum )
+      {
+        // this is smoother if it's the local client
+        VectorCopy( cg.predictedPlayerState.origin, v );
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        cent = &cg_entities[ a->centNum ];
+        VectorCopy( cent->lerpOrigin, v );
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case AT_PARTICLE:
+      if( !a->particleValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      if( !a->particle->valid )
+      {
+        a->particleValid = qfalse;
+        return qfalse;
+      }
+      else
+        VectorCopy( a->particle->origin, v );
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: Invalid attachmentType_t in attachment\n" );
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if( a->hasOffset )
+    VectorAdd( v, a->offset, v );
+
+  return qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachmentDir
+
+Return the attachment direction
+===============
+*/
+qboolean CG_AttachmentDir( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v )
+{
+  vec3_t      forward;
+  centity_t   *cent;
+
+  if( !a )
+    return qfalse;
+
+  switch( a->type )
+  {
+    case AT_STATIC:
+      //FIXME: hmmmmmmm
+      return qfalse;
+      break;
+
+    case AT_TAG:
+      if( !a->tagValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      VectorCopy( a->re.axis[ 0 ], v );
+      break;
+
+    case AT_CENT:
+      if( !a->centValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      cent = &cg_entities[ a->centNum ];
+      AngleVectors( cent->lerpAngles, forward, NULL, NULL );
+      VectorCopy( forward, v );
+      break;
+
+    case AT_PARTICLE:
+      if( !a->particleValid )
+        return qfalse;
+
+      if( !a->particle->valid )
+      {
+        a->particleValid = qfalse;
+        return qfalse;
+      }
+      else
+        VectorCopy( a->particle->velocity, v );
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: Invalid attachmentType_t in attachment\n" );
+      break;
+  }
+
+  VectorNormalize( v );
+  return qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachmentVelocity
+
+If the attachment can have velocity, return it
+===============
+*/
+qboolean CG_AttachmentVelocity( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v )
+{
+  if( !a )
+    return qfalse;
+
+  if( a->particleValid && a->particle->valid )
+  {
+    VectorCopy( a->particle->velocity, v );
+    return qtrue;
+  }
+  else if( a->centValid )
+  {
+    centity_t *cent = &cg_entities[ a->centNum ];
+
+    VectorCopy( cent->currentState.pos.trDelta, v );
+    return qtrue;
+  }
+
+  return qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachmentCentNum
+
+If the attachment has a centNum, return it
+===============
+*/
+int CG_AttachmentCentNum( attachment_t *a )
+{
+  if( !a || !a->centValid )
+    return -1;
+
+  return a->centNum;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_Attached
+
+If the attachment is valid, return qtrue
+===============
+*/
+qboolean CG_Attached( attachment_t *a )
+{
+  if( !a )
+    return qfalse;
+
+  return a->attached;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachToPoint
+
+Attach to a point in space
+===============
+*/
+void CG_AttachToPoint( attachment_t *a )
+{
+  if( !a || !a->staticValid )
+    return;
+
+  a->type = AT_STATIC;
+  a->attached = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachToCent
+
+Attach to a centity_t
+===============
+*/
+void CG_AttachToCent( attachment_t *a )
+{
+  if( !a || !a->centValid )
+    return;
+
+  a->type = AT_CENT;
+  a->attached = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachToTag
+
+Attach to a model tag
+===============
+*/
+void CG_AttachToTag( attachment_t *a )
+{
+  if( !a || !a->tagValid )
+    return;
+
+  a->type = AT_TAG;
+  a->attached = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_AttachToParticle
+
+Attach to a particle
+===============
+*/
+void CG_AttachToParticle( attachment_t *a )
+{
+  if( !a || !a->particleValid )
+    return;
+
+  a->type = AT_PARTICLE;
+  a->attached = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SetAttachmentPoint
+===============
+*/
+void CG_SetAttachmentPoint( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v )
+{
+  if( !a )
+    return;
+
+  VectorCopy( v, a->origin );
+  a->staticValid = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SetAttachmentCent
+===============
+*/
+void CG_SetAttachmentCent( attachment_t *a, centity_t *cent )
+{
+  if( !a || !cent )
+    return;
+
+  a->centNum = cent->currentState.number;
+  a->centValid = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SetAttachmentTag
+===============
+*/
+void CG_SetAttachmentTag( attachment_t *a, refEntity_t parent,
+    qhandle_t model, char *tagName )
+{
+  if( !a )
+    return;
+
+  a->parent = parent;
+  a->model = model;
+  strncpy( a->tagName, tagName, MAX_STRING_CHARS );
+  a->tagValid = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SetAttachmentParticle
+===============
+*/
+void CG_SetAttachmentParticle( attachment_t *a, particle_t *p )
+{
+  if( !a )
+    return;
+
+  a->particle = p;
+  a->particleValid = qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SetAttachmentOffset
+===============
+*/
+void CG_SetAttachmentOffset( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v )
+{
+  if( !a )
+    return;
+
+  VectorCopy( v, a->offset );
+  a->hasOffset = qtrue;
+}
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_buildable.c b/src/cgame/cg_buildable.c
index 38259dc6..1daaf464 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_buildable.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_buildable.c
@@ -108,9 +108,13 @@ void CG_AlienBuildableExplosion( vec3_t origin, vec3_t dir )
 
   //particle system
   ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.alienBuildableDestroyedPS );
-  CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( ps, origin );
-  CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, dir );
-  CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( ps );
+
+  if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
+  {
+    CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &ps->attachment, origin );
+    CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, dir );
+    CG_AttachToPoint( &ps->attachment );
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -205,9 +209,13 @@ void CG_HumanBuildableExplosion( vec3_t origin, vec3_t dir )
 
   //particle system
   ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.humanBuildableDestroyedPS );
-  CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( ps, origin );
-  CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, dir );
-  CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( ps );
+
+  if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
+  {
+    CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &ps->attachment, origin );
+    CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, dir );
+    CG_AttachToPoint( &ps->attachment );
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -500,6 +508,8 @@ void CG_InitBuildables( )
     cg.buildablesFraction = (float)i / (float)( BA_NUM_BUILDABLES - 1 );
     trap_UpdateScreen( );
   }
+
+  cgs.media.teslaZapTS = CG_RegisterTrailSystem( "models/buildables/tesla/zap" );
 }
 
 /*
@@ -823,8 +833,12 @@ static void CG_BuildableParticleEffects( centity_t *cent )
     if( healthFrac < 0.33f && !CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->buildablePS ) )
     {
       cent->buildablePS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.humanBuildableDamagedPS );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cent->buildablePS, cent );
-      CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( cent->buildablePS );
+
+      if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->buildablePS ) )
+      {
+        CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->buildablePS->attachment, cent );
+        CG_AttachToCent( &cent->buildablePS->attachment );
+      }
     }
     else if( healthFrac >= 0.33f && CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->buildablePS ) )
       CG_DestroyParticleSystem( &cent->buildablePS );
@@ -834,9 +848,13 @@ static void CG_BuildableParticleEffects( centity_t *cent )
     if( healthFrac < 0.33f && !CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->buildablePS ) )
     {
       cent->buildablePS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.alienBuildableDamagedPS );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cent->buildablePS, cent );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( cent->buildablePS, es->origin2 );
-      CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( cent->buildablePS );
+
+      if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->buildablePS ) )
+      {
+        CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->buildablePS->attachment, cent );
+        CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( cent->buildablePS, es->origin2 );
+        CG_AttachToCent( &cent->buildablePS->attachment );
+      }
     }
     else if( healthFrac >= 0.33f && CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->buildablePS ) )
       CG_DestroyParticleSystem( &cent->buildablePS );
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_consolecmds.c b/src/cgame/cg_consolecmds.c
index bf15145c..c875fa48 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_consolecmds.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_consolecmds.c
@@ -171,6 +171,10 @@ static consoleCommand_t commands[ ] =
   { "tell_target", CG_TellTarget_f },
   { "tell_attacker", CG_TellAttacker_f },
   { "tcmd", CG_TargetCommand_f },
+  { "testPS", CG_TestPS_f },
+  { "destroyTestPS", CG_DestroyTestPS_f },
+  { "testTS", CG_TestTS_f },
+  { "destroyTestTS", CG_DestroyTestTS_f },
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_ents.c b/src/cgame/cg_ents.c
index c4adf46b..8c047e27 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_ents.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_ents.c
@@ -240,6 +240,8 @@ static void CG_EntityEffects( centity_t *cent )
     trap_R_AddLightToScene( cent->lerpOrigin, i, r, g, b );
   }
 
+  if( cg.time > cent->muzzleTSDeathTime && CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &cent->muzzleTS ) )
+    CG_DestroyTrailSystem( &cent->muzzleTS );
 }
 
 
@@ -320,6 +322,7 @@ static void CG_LaunchMissile( centity_t *cent )
   entityState_t       *es;
   const weaponInfo_t  *wi;
   particleSystem_t    *ps;
+  trailSystem_t       *ts;
   weapon_t            weapon;
   weaponMode_t        weaponMode;
 
@@ -335,8 +338,23 @@ static void CG_LaunchMissile( centity_t *cent )
   if( wi->wim[ weaponMode ].missileParticleSystem )
   {
     ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( wi->wim[ weaponMode ].missileParticleSystem );
-    CG_SetParticleSystemCent( ps, cent );
-    CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( ps );
+
+    if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
+    {
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &ps->attachment, cent );
+      CG_AttachToCent( &ps->attachment );
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( wi->wim[ weaponMode ].missileTrailSystem )
+  {
+    ts = CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem( wi->wim[ weaponMode ].missileTrailSystem );
+
+    if( CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &ts ) )
+    {
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &ts->frontAttachment, cent );
+      CG_AttachToCent( &ts->frontAttachment );
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -763,54 +781,51 @@ CG_Lev2ZapChain
 */
 static void CG_Lev2ZapChain( centity_t *cent )
 {
-  int           i = 0;
+  int           i;
   entityState_t *es;
-  vec3_t        start, end;
   centity_t     *source, *target;
 
   es = &cent->currentState;
 
-  if( es->time > 0 )
+  for( i = 0; i <= 2; i++ )
   {
-    source = &cg_entities[ es->powerups ];
-    target = &cg_entities[ es->time ];
-
-    if( es->powerups == cg.predictedPlayerState.clientNum )
-      VectorCopy( cg.predictedPlayerState.origin, start );
-    else
-      VectorCopy( source->currentState.pos.trBase, start );
-
-    VectorCopy( target->currentState.pos.trBase, end );
+    switch( i )
+    {
+      case 0:
+        if( es->time <= 0 )
+          continue;
 
-    CG_DynamicLightningBolt( cgs.media.lightningShader, start, end,
-                             1+((cg.time%((i+2)*(i+3)))+i)%2, 7 + (float)(i%3)*5 + 6.0*random(),
-                             qtrue, 1.0, 0, i*i*3 );
-  }
+        source = &cg_entities[ es->powerups ];
+        target = &cg_entities[ es->time ];
+        break;
 
-  if( es->time2 > 0 )
-  {
-    source = &cg_entities[ es->time ];
-    target = &cg_entities[ es->time2 ];
+      case 1:
+        if( es->time2 <= 0 )
+          continue;
 
-    VectorCopy( source->currentState.pos.trBase, start );
-    VectorCopy( target->currentState.pos.trBase, end );
+        source = &cg_entities[ es->time ];
+        target = &cg_entities[ es->time2 ];
+        break;
 
-    CG_DynamicLightningBolt( cgs.media.lightningShader, start, end,
-                             1+((cg.time%((i+2)*(i+3)))+i)%2, 7 + (float)(i%3)*5 + 6.0*random(),
-                             qtrue, 1.0, 0, i*i*3 );
-  }
+      case 2:
+        if( es->constantLight <= 0 )
+          continue;
 
-  if( es->constantLight > 0 )
-  {
-    source = &cg_entities[ es->time2 ];
-    target = &cg_entities[ es->constantLight ];
+        source = &cg_entities[ es->time2 ];
+        target = &cg_entities[ es->constantLight ];
+        break;
+    }
 
-    VectorCopy( source->currentState.pos.trBase, start );
-    VectorCopy( target->currentState.pos.trBase, end );
+    if( !CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ] ) )
+      cent->level2ZapTS[ i ] = CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem( cgs.media.level2ZapTS );
 
-    CG_DynamicLightningBolt( cgs.media.lightningShader, start, end,
-                             1+((cg.time%((i+2)*(i+3)))+i)%2, 7 + (float)(i%3)*5 + 6.0*random(),
-                             qtrue, 1.0, 0, i*i*3 );
+    if( CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ] ) )
+    {
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ]->frontAttachment, source );
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ]->backAttachment, target );
+      CG_AttachToCent( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ]->frontAttachment );
+      CG_AttachToCent( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ]->backAttachment );
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -983,8 +998,22 @@ CG_CEntityPVSLeave
 */
 static void CG_CEntityPVSLeave( centity_t *cent )
 {
+  int           i;
+  entityState_t *es = &cent->currentState;
+
   if( cg_debugPVS.integer )
     CG_Printf( "Entity %d left PVS\n", cent->currentState.number );
+
+  switch( es->eType )
+  {
+    case ET_LEV2_ZAP_CHAIN:
+      for( i = 0; i <= 2; i++ )
+      {
+        if( CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ] ) )
+          CG_DestroyTrailSystem( &cent->level2ZapTS[ i ] );
+      }
+      break;
+  }
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_event.c b/src/cgame/cg_event.c
index 4d176096..9273922f 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_event.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_event.c
@@ -740,7 +740,29 @@ void CG_EntityEvent( centity_t *cent, vec3_t position )
     case EV_TESLATRAIL:
       DEBUGNAME( "EV_TESLATRAIL" );
       cent->currentState.weapon = WP_TESLAGEN;
-      CG_TeslaTrail( es->origin2, es->pos.trBase, es->generic1, es->clientNum );
+      {
+        centity_t *source = &cg_entities[ es->generic1 ];
+        centity_t *target = &cg_entities[ es->clientNum ];
+        vec3_t    sourceOffset = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 28.0f };
+        vec3_t    targetOffset = { 0.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f };
+
+        if( !CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &source->muzzleTS ) )
+        {
+          source->muzzleTS = CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem( cgs.media.teslaZapTS );
+
+          if( CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &source->muzzleTS ) )
+          {
+            CG_SetAttachmentCent( &source->muzzleTS->frontAttachment, source );
+            CG_SetAttachmentCent( &source->muzzleTS->backAttachment, target );
+            CG_AttachToCent( &source->muzzleTS->frontAttachment );
+            CG_AttachToCent( &source->muzzleTS->backAttachment );
+            CG_SetAttachmentOffset( &source->muzzleTS->frontAttachment, sourceOffset );
+            CG_SetAttachmentOffset( &source->muzzleTS->backAttachment, targetOffset );
+
+            source->muzzleTSDeathTime = cg.time + cg_teslaTrailTime.integer;
+          }
+        }
+      }
       break;
 
     case EV_BULLET_HIT_WALL:
@@ -880,8 +902,12 @@ void CG_EntityEvent( centity_t *cent, vec3_t position )
       trap_S_StartSound( NULL, es->number, CHAN_BODY, cgs.media.alienEvolveSound );
       {
         particleSystem_t *ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.alienEvolvePS );
-        CG_SetParticleSystemCent( ps, cent );
-        CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( ps );
+
+        if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
+        {
+          CG_SetAttachmentCent( &ps->attachment, cent );
+          CG_AttachToCent( &ps->attachment );
+        }
       }
 
       if( es->number == cg.clientNum )
@@ -902,10 +928,14 @@ void CG_EntityEvent( centity_t *cent, vec3_t position )
       DEBUGNAME( "EV_ALIEN_ACIDTUBE" );
       {
         particleSystem_t *ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.alienAcidTubePS );
-        CG_SetParticleSystemCent( ps, cent );
-        ByteToDir( es->eventParm, dir );
-        CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, dir );
-        CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( ps );
+
+        if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
+        {
+          CG_SetAttachmentCent( &ps->attachment, cent );
+          ByteToDir( es->eventParm, dir );
+          CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, dir );
+          CG_AttachToCent( &ps->attachment );
+        }
       }
       break;
 
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_local.h b/src/cgame/cg_local.h
index d6b07714..069dd604 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_local.h
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_local.h
@@ -71,19 +71,6 @@
 
 #define NUM_CROSSHAIRS      10
 
-//TA: ripped from wolf source
-// Ridah, trails
-#define STYPE_STRETCH 0
-#define STYPE_REPEAT  1
-
-#define TJFL_FADEIN   (1<<0)
-#define TJFL_CROSSOVER  (1<<1)
-#define TJFL_NOCULL   (1<<2)
-#define TJFL_FIXDISTORT (1<<3)
-#define TJFL_SPARKHEADFLARE (1<<4)
-#define TJFL_NOPOLYMERGE  (1<<5)
-// done.
-
 #define TEAM_OVERLAY_MAXNAME_WIDTH  12
 #define TEAM_OVERLAY_MAXLOCATION_WIDTH  16
 
@@ -124,6 +111,51 @@ typedef enum
   JPS_ASCENDING
 } jetPackState_t;
 
+//======================================================================
+
+//attachment system
+typedef enum
+{
+  AT_STATIC,
+  AT_TAG,
+  AT_CENT,
+  AT_PARTICLE
+} attachmentType_t;
+
+//forward declaration for particle_t
+struct particle_s;
+
+typedef struct attachment_s
+{
+  attachmentType_t  type;
+  qboolean          attached;
+
+  qboolean          staticValid;
+  qboolean          tagValid;
+  qboolean          centValid;
+  qboolean          particleValid;
+
+  qboolean          hasOffset;
+  vec3_t            offset;
+
+  //AT_STATIC
+  vec3_t            origin;
+
+  //AT_TAG
+  refEntity_t       re;     //FIXME: should be pointers?
+  refEntity_t       parent; //
+  qhandle_t         model;
+  char              tagName[ MAX_STRING_CHARS ];
+
+  //AT_CENT
+  int               centNum;
+
+  //AT_PARTICLE
+  struct particle_s *particle;
+} attachment_t;
+
+//======================================================================
+
 //particle system stuff
 #define MAX_SHADER_FRAMES         32
 #define MAX_EJECTORS_PER_SYSTEM   4
@@ -269,51 +301,18 @@ RUN TIME STRUCTURES
 ===============
 */
 
-typedef enum
-{
-  PSA_STATIC,
-  PSA_TAG,
-  PSA_CENT_ORIGIN,
-  PSA_PARTICLE
-} psAttachmentType_t;
-
-
-typedef struct psAttachment_s
-{
-  qboolean staticValid;
-  qboolean tagValid;
-  qboolean centValid;
-  qboolean normalValid;
-  qboolean particleValid;
-
-  //PMT_STATIC
-  vec3_t      origin;
-
-  //PMT_TAG
-  refEntity_t re;     //FIXME: should be pointers?
-  refEntity_t parent; //
-  qhandle_t   model;
-  char        tagName[ MAX_STRING_CHARS ];
-
-  //PMT_CENT_ANGLES
-  int         centNum;
-
-  //PMT_NORMAL
-  vec3_t      normal;
-} psAttachment_t;
-
-
 typedef struct particleSystem_s
 {
   baseParticleSystem_t  *class;
 
-  psAttachmentType_t    attachType;
-  psAttachment_t        attachment;
-  qboolean              attached;   //is the particle system attached to anything
+  attachment_t          attachment;
 
   qboolean              valid;
   qboolean              lazyRemove; //mark this system for later removal
 
+  //for PMT_NORMAL
+  qboolean              normalValid;
+  vec3_t                normal;
 } particleSystem_t;
 
 
@@ -357,14 +356,133 @@ typedef struct particle_s
   pLerpValues_t     rotation;
 
   qboolean          valid;
+  int               frameWhenInvalidated;
 
   int               sortKey;
-
-  particleSystem_t  *childSystem;
 } particle_t;
 
+//======================================================================
 
-//=================================================
+//trail system stuff
+#define MAX_BEAMS_PER_SYSTEM      4
+
+#define MAX_BASETRAIL_SYSTEMS     64
+#define MAX_BASETRAIL_BEAMS       MAX_BASETRAIL_SYSTEMS*MAX_BEAMS_PER_SYSTEM
+
+#define MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS         32
+#define MAX_TRAIL_BEAMS           MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS*MAX_BEAMS_PER_SYSTEM
+#define MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES      128
+
+#define MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_JITTERS    4
+
+typedef enum
+{
+  TBTT_STRETCH,
+  TBTT_REPEAT
+} trailBeamTextureType_t;
+
+typedef struct baseTrailJitter_s
+{
+  float   magnitude;
+  int     period;
+} baseTrailJitter_t;
+
+//beam template
+typedef struct baseTrailBeam_s
+{
+  int                     numSegments;
+  float                   frontWidth;
+  float                   backWidth;
+  float                   frontAlpha;
+  float                   backAlpha;
+  byte                    frontColor[ 3 ];
+  byte                    backColor[ 3 ];
+
+  // the time it takes for a segment to vanish (single attached only)
+  int                     segmentTime;
+
+  // the time it takes for a beam to fade out (double attached only)
+  int                     fadeOutTime;
+
+  char                    shaderName[ MAX_QPATH ];
+  qhandle_t               shader;
+
+  trailBeamTextureType_t  textureType;
+
+  //TBTT_STRETCH
+  float                   frontTextureCoord;
+  float                   backTextureCoord;
+
+  //TBTT_REPEAT
+  float                   repeatLength;
+  qboolean                clampToBack;
+
+  qboolean                realLight;
+
+  int                     numJitters;
+  baseTrailJitter_t       jitters[ MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_JITTERS ];
+  qboolean                jitterAttachments;
+} baseTrailBeam_t;
+
+
+//trail system template
+typedef struct baseTrailSystem_s
+{
+  char            name[ MAX_QPATH ];
+  baseTrailBeam_t *beams[ MAX_BEAMS_PER_SYSTEM ];
+  int             numBeams;
+
+  qboolean        registered; //whether or not the assets for this trail have been loaded
+} baseTrailSystem_t;
+
+typedef struct trailSystem_s
+{
+  baseTrailSystem_t   *class;
+
+  attachment_t        frontAttachment;
+  attachment_t        backAttachment;
+
+  int                 destroyTime;
+  qboolean            valid;
+} trailSystem_t;
+
+typedef struct trailBeamNode_s
+{
+  vec3_t                  refPosition;
+  vec3_t                  position;
+
+  int                     timeLeft;
+
+  float                   textureCoord;
+  float                   halfWidth;
+  byte                    alpha;
+  byte                    color[ 3 ];
+
+  float                   jitters[ MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_JITTERS ];
+  float                   jitter;
+  
+  struct trailBeamNode_s  *prev;
+  struct trailBeamNode_s  *next;
+
+  qboolean                used;
+} trailBeamNode_t;
+
+typedef struct trailBeam_s
+{
+  baseTrailBeam_t   *class;
+  trailSystem_t     *parent;
+
+  trailBeamNode_t   nodePool[ MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES ];
+  trailBeamNode_t   *nodes;
+
+  int               lastEvalTime;
+  
+  qboolean          valid;
+
+  int               nextJitterTimes[ MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_JITTERS ];
+} trailBeam_t;
+
+//======================================================================
 
 // player entities need to track more information
 // than any other type of entity.
@@ -435,8 +553,6 @@ typedef struct lightFlareStatus_s
 
 //=================================================
 
-#define MAX_CENTITY_PARTICLE_SYSTEMS  8
-
 // centity_t have a direct corespondence with gentity_t in the game, but
 // only the entityState_t is directly communicated to the cgame
 typedef struct centity_s
@@ -495,6 +611,11 @@ typedef struct centity_s
   particleSystem_t      *entityPS;
   qboolean              entityPSMissing;
 
+  trailSystem_t         *level2ZapTS[ 3 ];
+
+  trailSystem_t         *muzzleTS; //used for the tesla and reactor
+  int                   muzzleTSDeathTime;
+
   qboolean              valid;
   qboolean              oldValid;
 } centity_t;
@@ -521,7 +642,6 @@ typedef enum
 {
   LE_MARK,
   LE_EXPLOSION,
-  LE_LIGHTNING_BOLT, //wolf trail
   LE_SPRITE_EXPLOSION,
   LE_FRAGMENT,
   LE_MOVE_SCALE_FADE,
@@ -700,6 +820,7 @@ typedef struct weaponInfoMode_s
   qhandle_t   missileSprite;
   int         missileSpriteSize;
   qhandle_t   missileParticleSystem;
+  qhandle_t   missileTrailSystem;
   qboolean    missileRotates;
   qboolean    missileAnimates;
   int         missileAnimStartFrame;
@@ -1086,12 +1207,10 @@ typedef struct
   qhandle_t   gibSpark1;
   qhandle_t   gibSpark2;
 
-  qhandle_t   smoke2;
-
   qhandle_t   machinegunBrassModel;
   qhandle_t   shotgunBrassModel;
 
-  qhandle_t   lightningShader;
+  qhandle_t   level2ZapTS;
 
   qhandle_t   friendShader;
 
@@ -1148,7 +1267,6 @@ typedef struct
   qhandle_t   bulletFlashModel;
   qhandle_t   ringFlashModel;
   qhandle_t   dishFlashModel;
-  qhandle_t   lightningExplosionModel;
 
   // weapon effect shaders
   qhandle_t   bloodExplosionShader;
@@ -1216,9 +1334,6 @@ typedef struct
   qhandle_t   selectCursor;
   qhandle_t   sizeCursor;
 
-  //TA: for wolf trail effects
-  qhandle_t   sparkFlareShader;
-
   //light armour
   qhandle_t larmourHeadSkin;
   qhandle_t larmourLegsSkin;
@@ -1243,6 +1358,7 @@ typedef struct
   qhandle_t   humanBuildableDestroyedPS;
   qhandle_t   alienBuildableDamagedPS;
   qhandle_t   alienBuildableDestroyedPS;
+  qhandle_t   teslaZapTS;
 
   sfxHandle_t lCannonWarningSound;
 
@@ -1463,6 +1579,7 @@ extern  vmCvar_t    cg_depthSortParticles;
 extern  vmCvar_t    cg_consoleLatency;
 extern  vmCvar_t    cg_lightFlare;
 extern  vmCvar_t    cg_debugParticles;
+extern  vmCvar_t    cg_debugTrails;
 extern  vmCvar_t    cg_debugPVS;
 extern  vmCvar_t    cg_disableWarningDialogs;
 extern  vmCvar_t    cg_disableScannerPlane;
@@ -1659,7 +1776,6 @@ void        CG_MissileHitPlayer( weapon_t weapon, weaponMode_t weaponMode, vec3_
 void        CG_Bullet( vec3_t origin, int sourceEntityNum, vec3_t normal, qboolean flesh, int fleshEntityNum );
 void        CG_ShotgunFire( entityState_t *es );
 
-void        CG_TeslaTrail( vec3_t start, vec3_t end, int srcENum, int destENum );
 void        CG_AddViewWeapon (playerState_t *ps);
 void        CG_AddPlayerWeapon( refEntity_t *parent, playerState_t *ps, centity_t *cent );
 void        CG_DrawItemSelect( rectDef_t *rect, vec4_t color );
@@ -1707,7 +1823,6 @@ localEntity_t *CG_SmokePuff( const vec3_t p,
 void          CG_BubbleTrail( vec3_t start, vec3_t end, float spacing );
 void          CG_SpawnEffect( vec3_t org );
 void          CG_GibPlayer( vec3_t playerOrigin );
-void          CG_BigExplode( vec3_t playerOrigin );
 
 void          CG_Bleed( vec3_t origin, int entityNum );
 
@@ -1715,30 +1830,6 @@ localEntity_t *CG_MakeExplosion( vec3_t origin, vec3_t dir,
                                  qhandle_t hModel, qhandle_t shader, int msec,
                                  qboolean isSprite );
 
-//TA: wolf tesla effect
-void          CG_DynamicLightningBolt( qhandle_t shader, vec3_t start, vec3_t pend,
-                                       int numBolts, float maxWidth, qboolean fade,
-                                       float startAlpha, int recursion, int randseed );
-
-// Ridah, trails
-//
-// cg_trails.c
-//
-int           CG_AddTrailJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, int spawnTime,
-                             int sType, vec3_t pos, int trailLife, float alphaStart,
-                             float alphaEnd, float startWidth, float endWidth, int flags,
-                             vec3_t colorStart, vec3_t colorEnd, float sRatio, float animSpeed );
-int           CG_AddSparkJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, vec3_t pos, int trailLife,
-                             float alphaStart, float alphaEnd, float startWidth, float endWidth );
-int           CG_AddSmokeJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, vec3_t pos, int trailLife,
-                             float alpha, float startWidth, float endWidth );
-int           CG_AddFireJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, vec3_t pos, int trailLife,
-                            float alpha, float startWidth, float endWidth );
-void          CG_AddTrails( void );
-void          CG_ClearTrails( void );
-// done.
-
-
 //
 // cg_snapshot.c
 //
@@ -1774,6 +1865,28 @@ void          CG_Free( void *ptr );
 void          CG_DefragmentMemory( void );
 
 //
+// cg_attachment.c
+//
+qboolean    CG_AttachmentPoint( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v );
+qboolean    CG_AttachmentDir( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v );
+qboolean    CG_AttachmentVelocity( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v );
+int         CG_AttachmentCentNum( attachment_t *a );
+
+qboolean    CG_Attached( attachment_t *a );
+
+void        CG_AttachToPoint( attachment_t *a );
+void        CG_AttachToCent( attachment_t *a );
+void        CG_AttachToTag( attachment_t *a );
+void        CG_AttachToParticle( attachment_t *a );
+void        CG_SetAttachmentPoint( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v );
+void        CG_SetAttachmentCent( attachment_t *a, centity_t *cent );
+void        CG_SetAttachmentTag( attachment_t *a, refEntity_t parent,
+                qhandle_t model, char *tagName );
+void        CG_SetAttachmentParticle( attachment_t *a, particle_t *p );
+
+void        CG_SetAttachmentOffset( attachment_t *a, vec3_t v );
+
+//
 // cg_particles.c
 //
 void                CG_LoadParticleSystems( void );
@@ -1785,20 +1898,31 @@ void                CG_DestroyParticleSystem( particleSystem_t **ps );
 qboolean            CG_IsParticleSystemInfinite( particleSystem_t *ps );
 qboolean            CG_IsParticleSystemValid( particleSystem_t **ps );
 
-void                CG_SetParticleSystemCent( particleSystem_t *ps, centity_t *cent );
-void                CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( particleSystem_t *ps );
-void                CG_SetParticleSystemTag( particleSystem_t *ps, refEntity_t parent, qhandle_t model, char *tagName );
-void                CG_AttachParticleSystemToTag( particleSystem_t *ps );
-void                CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( particleSystem_t *ps, vec3_t origin );
-void                CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( particleSystem_t *ps );
 void                CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( particleSystem_t *ps, vec3_t normal );
-void                CG_AttachParticleSystemToParticle( particleSystem_t *ps );
-void                CG_SetParticleSystemParentParticle( particleSystem_t *ps, particle_t *p );
 
 void                CG_AddParticles( void );
 
 void                CG_ParticleSystemEntity( centity_t *cent );
 
+void                CG_TestPS_f( void );
+void                CG_DestroyTestPS_f( void );
+
+//
+// cg_trails.c
+//
+void                CG_LoadTrailSystems( void );
+qhandle_t           CG_RegisterTrailSystem( char *name );
+
+trailSystem_t       *CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem( qhandle_t psHandle );
+void                CG_DestroyTrailSystem( trailSystem_t **ts );
+
+qboolean            CG_IsTrailSystemValid( trailSystem_t **ts );
+
+void                CG_AddTrails( void );
+
+void                CG_TestTS_f( void );
+void                CG_DestroyTestTS_f( void );
+
 //
 // cg_ptr.c
 //
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_main.c b/src/cgame/cg_main.c
index a5db719c..663ace40 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_main.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_main.c
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ vmCvar_t  cg_depthSortParticles;
 vmCvar_t  cg_consoleLatency;
 vmCvar_t  cg_lightFlare;
 vmCvar_t  cg_debugParticles;
+vmCvar_t  cg_debugTrails;
 vmCvar_t  cg_debugPVS;
 vmCvar_t  cg_disableWarningDialogs;
 vmCvar_t  cg_disableScannerPlane;
@@ -304,6 +305,7 @@ static cvarTable_t cvarTable[ ] =
   { &cg_consoleLatency, "cg_consoleLatency", "3000", CVAR_ARCHIVE },
   { &cg_lightFlare, "cg_lightFlare", "3", CVAR_ARCHIVE },
   { &cg_debugParticles, "cg_debugParticles", "0", CVAR_CHEAT },
+  { &cg_debugTrails, "cg_debugTrails", "0", CVAR_CHEAT },
   { &cg_debugPVS, "cg_debugPVS", "0", CVAR_CHEAT },
   { &cg_disableWarningDialogs, "cg_disableWarningDialogs", "0", CVAR_ARCHIVE },
   { &cg_disableScannerPlane, "cg_disableScannerPlane", "0", CVAR_ARCHIVE },
@@ -794,8 +796,8 @@ static void CG_RegisterGraphics( void )
 
   cgs.media.upgradeClassIconShader    = trap_R_RegisterShader( "icons/icona_upgrade.tga" );
 
-  cgs.media.machinegunBrassModel      = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/weapons2/shells/m_shell.md3" );
-  cgs.media.shotgunBrassModel         = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/weapons2/shells/s_shell.md3" );
+  cgs.media.machinegunBrassModel      = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/weapons/shells/rifle_shell.md3" );
+  cgs.media.shotgunBrassModel         = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/weapons/shells/shotgun_shell.md3" );
 
   cgs.media.gibAbdomen                = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/gibs/abdomen.md3" );
   cgs.media.gibArm                    = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/gibs/arm.md3" );
@@ -825,8 +827,6 @@ static void CG_RegisterGraphics( void )
   cgs.media.alienGib3                 = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/fx/alien_gibs/a_gib3.md3" );
   cgs.media.alienGib4                 = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/fx/alien_gibs/a_gib4.md3" );
 
-  cgs.media.smoke2                    = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/weapons2/shells/s_shell.md3" );
-
   cgs.media.balloonShader             = trap_R_RegisterShader( "sprites/balloon3" );
 
   cgs.media.bloodExplosionShader      = trap_R_RegisterShader( "bloodExplosion" );
@@ -1803,6 +1803,9 @@ void CG_Init( int serverMessageNum, int serverCommandSequence, int clientNum )
   CG_LoadParticleSystems( );
   CG_UpdateMediaFraction( 0.05f );
 
+  CG_LoadTrailSystems( );
+  CG_UpdateMediaFraction( 0.05f );
+
   CG_RegisterSounds( );
   CG_UpdateMediaFraction( 0.60f );
 
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_particles.c b/src/cgame/cg_particles.c
index b6a52d90..a6ef99e5 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_particles.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_particles.c
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ static int                    numBaseParticles = 0;
 static particleSystem_t     particleSystems[ MAX_PARTICLE_SYSTEMS ];
 static particleEjector_t    particleEjectors[ MAX_PARTICLE_EJECTORS ];
 static particle_t           particles[ MAX_PARTICLES ];
-static particle_t           sortParticles[ MAX_PARTICLES ];
+static particle_t           *sortedParticles[ MAX_PARTICLES ];
+static particle_t           *radixBuffer[ MAX_PARTICLES ];
 
 /*
 ===============
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ CG_DestroyParticle
 Destroy an individual particle
 ===============
 */
-static void CG_DestroyParticle( particle_t *p )
+static void CG_DestroyParticle( particle_t *p, vec3_t impactNormal )
 {
   //this particle has an onDeath particle system attached
   if( p->class->onDeathSystemName[ 0 ] != '\0' )
@@ -96,13 +97,19 @@ static void CG_DestroyParticle( particle_t *p )
 
     if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
     {
-      CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( ps, p->origin );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, p->velocity );
-      CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( ps );
+      if( impactNormal )
+        CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, impactNormal );
+
+      CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &ps->attachment, p->origin );
+      CG_AttachToPoint( &ps->attachment );
     }
   }
 
   p->valid = qfalse;
+
+  //this gives other systems a couple of
+  //frames to realise the particle is gone
+  p->frameWhenInvalidated = cg.clientFrame;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -118,14 +125,14 @@ static particle_t *CG_SpawnNewParticle( baseParticle_t *bp, particleEjector_t *p
   particle_t              *p = NULL;
   particleEjector_t       *pe = parent;
   particleSystem_t        *ps = parent->parent;
-  vec3_t                  forward;
-  centity_t               *cent = &cg_entities[ ps->attachment.centNum ];
+  vec3_t                  attachmentPoint, attachmentVelocity;
 
   for( i = 0; i < MAX_PARTICLES; i++ )
   {
     p = &particles[ i ];
 
-    if( !p->valid )
+    //FIXME: the + 1 may be unnecessary
+    if( !p->valid && cg.clientFrame > p->frameWhenInvalidated + 1 )
     {
       memset( p, 0, sizeof( particle_t ) );
 
@@ -148,59 +155,10 @@ static particle_t *CG_SpawnNewParticle( baseParticle_t *bp, particleEjector_t *p
       p->rotation.initial = CG_RandomiseValue( bp->rotation.initial, bp->rotation.initialRandFrac );
       p->rotation.final = CG_RandomiseValue( bp->rotation.final, bp->rotation.finalRandFrac );
 
-      switch( ps->attachType )
-      {
-        case PSA_STATIC:
-          if( !ps->attachment.staticValid )
-            return NULL;
-
-          VectorCopy( ps->attachment.origin, p->origin );
-          break;
-
-        case PSA_TAG:
-          if( !ps->attachment.tagValid )
-            return NULL;
-
-          AxisCopy( axisDefault, ps->attachment.re.axis );
-          CG_PositionRotatedEntityOnTag( &ps->attachment.re, &ps->attachment.parent,
-                                         ps->attachment.model, ps->attachment.tagName );
-          VectorCopy( ps->attachment.re.origin, p->origin );
-          break;
-
-        case PSA_CENT_ORIGIN:
-          if( !ps->attachment.centValid )
-            return NULL;
-
-          VectorCopy( cent->lerpOrigin, p->origin );
-          break;
-
-        case PSA_PARTICLE:
-          if( !ps->attachment.particleValid )
-            return NULL;
-
-          //find a particle which has ps as a child
-          for( j = 0; j < MAX_PARTICLES; j++ )
-          {
-            particle_t *parentParticle = &particles[ j ];
-
-            if( parentParticle->valid && parentParticle->childSystem == ps )
-            {
-              VectorCopy( parentParticle->origin, p->origin );
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-
-          if( j == MAX_PARTICLES )
-          {
-            //didn't find the parent, so it's probably died already
-
-            //prevent further (expensive) attempts at particle creation
-            ps->attachment.particleValid = qfalse;
-            return NULL;
-          }
-          break;
-      }
+      if( !CG_AttachmentPoint( &ps->attachment, attachmentPoint ) )
+        return NULL;
 
+      VectorCopy( attachmentPoint, p->origin );
       VectorAdd( p->origin, bp->displacement, p->origin );
 
       for( j = 0; j <= 2; j++ )
@@ -209,52 +167,32 @@ static particle_t *CG_SpawnNewParticle( baseParticle_t *bp, particleEjector_t *p
       switch( bp->velMoveType )
       {
         case PMT_STATIC:
-
           if( bp->velMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
             VectorSubtract( bp->velMoveValues.point, p->origin, p->velocity );
           else if( bp->velMoveValues.dirType == PMD_LINEAR )
             VectorCopy( bp->velMoveValues.dir, p->velocity );
-
           break;
 
         case PMT_TAG:
-
-          if( !ps->attachment.tagValid )
-            return NULL;
-
-          if( bp->velMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
-            VectorSubtract( ps->attachment.re.origin, p->origin, p->velocity );
-          else if( bp->velMoveValues.dirType == PMD_LINEAR )
-            VectorCopy( ps->attachment.re.axis[ 0 ], p->velocity );
-
-          break;
-
         case PMT_CENT_ANGLES:
-
-          if( !ps->attachment.centValid )
-            return NULL;
-
           if( bp->velMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
-            VectorSubtract( cent->lerpOrigin, p->origin, p->velocity );
+            VectorSubtract( attachmentPoint, p->origin, p->velocity );
           else if( bp->velMoveValues.dirType == PMD_LINEAR )
           {
-            AngleVectors( cent->lerpAngles, forward, NULL, NULL );
-            VectorCopy( forward, p->velocity );
+            if( !CG_AttachmentDir( &ps->attachment, p->velocity ) )
+              return NULL;
           }
-
           break;
 
         case PMT_NORMAL:
-
-          if( !ps->attachment.normalValid )
+          if( !ps->normalValid )
             return NULL;
 
-          VectorCopy( ps->attachment.normal, p->velocity );
+          VectorCopy( ps->normal, p->velocity );
 
           //normal displacement
           VectorNormalize( p->velocity );
           VectorMA( p->origin, bp->normalDisplacement, p->velocity, p->origin );
-
           break;
       }
 
@@ -264,11 +202,11 @@ static particle_t *CG_SpawnNewParticle( baseParticle_t *bp, particleEjector_t *p
                    CG_RandomiseValue( bp->velMoveValues.mag, bp->velMoveValues.magRandFrac ),
                    p->velocity );
 
-      if( ps->attachment.centValid )
+      if( CG_AttachmentVelocity( &ps->attachment, attachmentVelocity ) )
       {
         VectorMA( p->velocity,
-                  CG_RandomiseValue( bp->velMoveValues.parentVelFrac, bp->velMoveValues.parentVelFracRandFrac ),
-                  cent->currentState.pos.trDelta, p->velocity );
+            CG_RandomiseValue( bp->velMoveValues.parentVelFrac,
+              bp->velMoveValues.parentVelFracRandFrac ), attachmentVelocity, p->velocity );
       }
 
       p->lastEvalTime = cg.time;
@@ -278,15 +216,12 @@ static particle_t *CG_SpawnNewParticle( baseParticle_t *bp, particleEjector_t *p
       //this particle has a child particle system attached
       if( bp->childSystemName[ 0 ] != '\0' )
       {
-        particleSystem_t  *ps;
-
-        ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( bp->childSystemHandle );
+        particleSystem_t  *ps = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( bp->childSystemHandle );
 
         if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &ps ) )
         {
-          CG_SetParticleSystemParentParticle( ps, p );
-          CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( ps, p->velocity );
-          CG_AttachParticleSystemToParticle( ps );
+          CG_SetAttachmentParticle( &ps->attachment, p );
+          CG_AttachToParticle( &ps->attachment );
         }
       }
 
@@ -324,7 +259,7 @@ static void CG_SpawnNewParticles( void )
     if( pe->valid )
     {
       //a non attached particle system can't make particles
-      if( !ps->attached )
+      if( !CG_Attached( &ps->attachment ) )
         continue;
 
       bpe = particleEjectors[ i ].class;
@@ -528,60 +463,13 @@ qhandle_t CG_RegisterParticleSystem( char *name )
     }
   }
 
-  CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: failed to load particle system %s\n", name );
+  CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: failed to register particle system %s\n", name );
   return 0;
 }
 
 
 /*
 ===============
-atof_neg
-
-atof with an allowance for negative values
-===============
-*/
-static float atof_neg( char *token, qboolean allowNegative )
-{
-  float value;
-
-  value = atof( token );
-
-  if( !allowNegative && value < 0.0f )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: negative value %f is now allowed here, "
-                              "replaced with 1.0f\n", value );
-    value = 1.0f;
-  }
-
-  return value;
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-atoi_neg
-
-atoi with an allowance for negative values
-===============
-*/
-static int atoi_neg( char *token, qboolean allowNegative )
-{
-  int value;
-
-  value = atoi( token );
-
-  if( !allowNegative && value < 0 )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: negative value %d is now allowed here, "
-                              "replaced with 1\n", value );
-    value = 1;
-  }
-
-  return value;
-}
-
-
-/*
-===============
 CG_ParseValueAndVariance
 
 Parse a value and its random variance
@@ -1275,7 +1163,8 @@ static qboolean CG_ParseParticleSystem( baseParticleSystem_t *bps, char **text_p
       }
       else if( numBaseParticleEjectors == MAX_BASEPARTICLE_EJECTORS )
       {
-        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: maximum number of particle ejectors (%d) reached\n", MAX_BASEPARTICLE_EJECTORS );
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: maximum number of particle ejectors (%d) reached\n",
+            MAX_BASEPARTICLE_EJECTORS );
         return qfalse;
       }
       else
@@ -1347,11 +1236,8 @@ static qboolean CG_ParseParticleFile( const char *fileName )
   {
     token = COM_Parse( &text_p );
 
-    if( !token )
-      break;
-
     if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
-      return qfalse;
+      break;
 
     if( !Q_stricmp( token, "{" ) )
     {
@@ -1380,7 +1266,8 @@ static qboolean CG_ParseParticleFile( const char *fileName )
 
         if( numBaseParticleSystems == MAX_BASEPARTICLE_SYSTEMS )
         {
-          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: maximum number of particle systems (%d) reached\n", MAX_BASEPARTICLE_EJECTORS );
+          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: maximum number of particle systems (%d) reached\n",
+              MAX_BASEPARTICLE_SYSTEMS );
           return qfalse;
         }
         else
@@ -1518,167 +1405,9 @@ void CG_LoadParticleSystems( void )
   }
 }
 
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent
-
-Attach a particle system to a centity_t
-===============
-*/
-void CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( particleSystem_t *ps )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachType = PSA_CENT_ORIGIN;
-  ps->attached = qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_SetParticleSystemCent
-
-Set a particle system attachment means
-===============
-*/
-void CG_SetParticleSystemCent( particleSystem_t *ps, centity_t *cent )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachment.centValid = qtrue;
-  ps->attachment.centNum = cent->currentState.number;
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_AttachParticleSystemToTag
-
-Attach a particle system to a model tag
-===============
-*/
-void CG_AttachParticleSystemToTag( particleSystem_t *ps )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachType = PSA_TAG;
-  ps->attached = qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_SetParticleSystemToTag
-
-Set a particle system attachment means
-===============
-*/
-void CG_SetParticleSystemTag( particleSystem_t *ps, refEntity_t parent,
-                              qhandle_t model, char *tagName )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachment.tagValid = qtrue;
-  ps->attachment.parent = parent;
-  ps->attachment.model = model;
-  strncpy( ps->attachment.tagName, tagName, MAX_STRING_CHARS );
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin
-
-Attach a particle system to a point in space
-===============
-*/
-void CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( particleSystem_t *ps )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachType = PSA_STATIC;
-  ps->attached = qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin
-
-Set a particle system attachment means
-===============
-*/
-void CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( particleSystem_t *ps, vec3_t origin )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachment.staticValid = qtrue;
-  VectorCopy( origin, ps->attachment.origin );
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_AttachParticleSystemToParticle
-
-Attach a particle system to a particle
-===============
-*/
-void CG_AttachParticleSystemToParticle( particleSystem_t *ps )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachType = PSA_PARTICLE;
-  ps->attached = qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
-===============
-CG_SetParticleSystemParentParticle
-
-Set a particle system attachment means
-===============
-*/
-void CG_SetParticleSystemParentParticle( particleSystem_t *ps, particle_t *p )
-{
-  if( ps == NULL || !ps->valid )
-  {
-    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: tried to modify a NULL particle system\n" );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ps->attachment.particleValid = qtrue;
-  p->childSystem = ps;
-}
-
 /*
 ===============
 CG_SetParticleSystemNormal
-
-Set a particle system attachment means
 ===============
 */
 void CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( particleSystem_t *ps, vec3_t normal )
@@ -1689,9 +1418,9 @@ void CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( particleSystem_t *ps, vec3_t normal )
     return;
   }
 
-  ps->attachment.normalValid = qtrue;
-  VectorCopy( normal, ps->attachment.normal );
-  VectorNormalize( ps->attachment.normal );
+  ps->normalValid = qtrue;
+  VectorCopy( normal, ps->normal );
+  VectorNormalize( ps->normal );
 }
 
 
@@ -1807,6 +1536,7 @@ static void CG_GarbageCollectParticleSystems( void )
   int               i, j, count;
   particleSystem_t  *ps;
   particleEjector_t *pe;
+  int               centNum;
 
   for( i = 0; i < MAX_PARTICLE_SYSTEMS; i++ )
   {
@@ -1830,9 +1560,10 @@ static void CG_GarbageCollectParticleSystems( void )
 
     //check systems where the parent cent has left the PVS
     //( local player entity is always valid )
-    if( ps->attachment.centValid && ps->attachment.centNum != cg.snap->ps.clientNum )
+    if( ( centNum = CG_AttachmentCentNum( &ps->attachment ) ) >= 0 &&
+        centNum != cg.snap->ps.clientNum )
     {
-      if( !cg_entities[ ps->attachment.centNum ].valid )
+      if( !cg_entities[ centNum ].valid )
         ps->lazyRemove = qtrue;
     }
 
@@ -1874,16 +1605,14 @@ static void CG_EvaluateParticlePhysics( particle_t *p )
 {
   particleSystem_t  *ps = p->parent->parent;
   baseParticle_t    *bp = p->class;
-  vec3_t            acceleration, forward, newOrigin;
+  vec3_t            acceleration, newOrigin;
   vec3_t            mins, maxs;
   float             deltaTime, bounce, radius, dot;
   trace_t           trace;
-  centity_t         *cent;
 
   switch( bp->accMoveType )
   {
     case PMT_STATIC:
-
       if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
         VectorSubtract( bp->accMoveValues.point, p->origin, acceleration );
       else if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_LINEAR )
@@ -1892,40 +1621,28 @@ static void CG_EvaluateParticlePhysics( particle_t *p )
       break;
 
     case PMT_TAG:
-
-      if( !ps->attachment.tagValid )
-        return;
-
-      if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
-        VectorSubtract( ps->attachment.re.origin, p->origin, acceleration );
-      else if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_LINEAR )
-        VectorCopy( ps->attachment.re.axis[ 0 ], acceleration );
-
-      break;
-
     case PMT_CENT_ANGLES:
+      if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
+      {
+        vec3_t point;
 
-      if( !ps->attachment.centValid )
-        return;
-
-      cent = &cg_entities[ ps->attachment.centNum ];
+        if( !CG_AttachmentPoint( &ps->attachment, point ) )
+          return;
 
-      if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_POINT )
-        VectorSubtract( cent->lerpOrigin, p->origin, acceleration );
+        VectorSubtract( point, p->origin, acceleration );
+      }
       else if( bp->accMoveValues.dirType == PMD_LINEAR )
       {
-        AngleVectors( cent->lerpAngles, forward, NULL, NULL );
-        VectorCopy( forward, acceleration );
+        if( !CG_AttachmentDir( &ps->attachment, acceleration ) )
+          return;
       }
-
       break;
 
     case PMT_NORMAL:
-
-      if( !ps->attachment.normalValid )
+      if( !ps->normalValid )
         return;
 
-      VectorCopy( ps->attachment.normal, acceleration );
+      VectorCopy( ps->normal, acceleration );
 
       break;
   }
@@ -1974,10 +1691,8 @@ static void CG_EvaluateParticlePhysics( particle_t *p )
   VectorMA( p->origin, deltaTime, p->velocity, newOrigin );
   p->lastEvalTime = cg.time;
 
-  if( !ps->attachment.centValid )
-    CG_Trace( &trace, p->origin, mins, maxs, newOrigin, -1, CONTENTS_SOLID );
-  else
-    CG_Trace( &trace, p->origin, mins, maxs, newOrigin, ps->attachment.centNum, CONTENTS_SOLID );
+  CG_Trace( &trace, p->origin, mins, maxs, newOrigin,
+      CG_AttachmentCentNum( &ps->attachment ), CONTENTS_SOLID );
 
   //not hit anything or not a collider
   if( trace.fraction == 1.0f || bounce == 0.0f )
@@ -1988,9 +1703,14 @@ static void CG_EvaluateParticlePhysics( particle_t *p )
 
   //remove particles that get into a CONTENTS_NODROP brush
   if( ( trap_CM_PointContents( trace.endpos, 0 ) & CONTENTS_NODROP ) ||
-      ( bp->cullOnStartSolid && trace.startsolid ) || bp->bounceCull )
+      ( bp->cullOnStartSolid && trace.startsolid ) )
   {
-    CG_DestroyParticle( p );
+    CG_DestroyParticle( p, NULL );
+    return;
+  }
+  else if( bp->bounceCull )
+  {
+    CG_DestroyParticle( p, trace.plane.normal );
     return;
   }
 
@@ -2011,7 +1731,7 @@ static void CG_EvaluateParticlePhysics( particle_t *p )
 CG_Radix
 ===============
 */
-static void CG_Radix( int bits, int size, particle_t *source, particle_t *dest )
+static void CG_Radix( int bits, int size, particle_t **source, particle_t **dest )
 {
   int count[ 256 ];
   int index[ 256 ];
@@ -2020,7 +1740,7 @@ static void CG_Radix( int bits, int size, particle_t *source, particle_t *dest )
   memset( count, 0, sizeof( count ) );
 
   for( i = 0; i < size; i++ )
-    count[ GETKEY( source[ i ].sortKey, bits ) ]++;
+    count[ GETKEY( source[ i ]->sortKey, bits ) ]++;
 
   index[ 0 ] = 0;
 
@@ -2028,7 +1748,7 @@ static void CG_Radix( int bits, int size, particle_t *source, particle_t *dest )
     index[ i ] = index[ i - 1 ] + count[ i - 1 ];
 
   for( i = 0; i < size; i++ )
-    dest[ index[ GETKEY( source[ i ].sortKey, bits ) ]++ ] = source[ i ];
+    dest[ index[ GETKEY( source[ i ]->sortKey, bits ) ]++ ] = source[ i ];
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2038,7 +1758,7 @@ CG_RadixSort
 Radix sort with 4 byte size buckets
 ===============
 */
-static void CG_RadixSort( particle_t *source, particle_t *temp, int size )
+static void CG_RadixSort( particle_t **source, particle_t **temp, int size )
 {
   CG_Radix( 0,   size, source, temp );
   CG_Radix( 8,   size, temp, source );
@@ -2059,19 +1779,22 @@ static void CG_CompactAndSortParticles( void )
   int     numParticles;
   vec3_t  delta;
 
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_PARTICLES; i++ )
+    sortedParticles[ i ] = &particles[ i ];
+
   for( i = MAX_PARTICLES - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
   {
-    if( particles[ i ].valid )
+    if( sortedParticles[ i ]->valid )
     {
-      while( particles[ j ].valid )
+      //find the first hole
+      while( sortedParticles[ j ]->valid )
         j++;
 
       //no more holes
       if( j >= i )
         break;
 
-      particles[ j ] = particles[ i ];
-      memset( &particles[ i ], 0, sizeof( particles[ 0 ] ) );
+      sortedParticles[ j ] = sortedParticles[ i ];
     }
   }
 
@@ -2080,18 +1803,19 @@ static void CG_CompactAndSortParticles( void )
   //set sort keys
   for( i = 0; i < numParticles; i++ )
   {
-    VectorSubtract( particles[ i ].origin, cg.refdef.vieworg, delta );
-    particles[ i ].sortKey = (int)DotProduct( delta, delta );
+    VectorSubtract( sortedParticles[ i ]->origin, cg.refdef.vieworg, delta );
+    sortedParticles[ i ]->sortKey = (int)DotProduct( delta, delta );
   }
 
-  CG_RadixSort( particles, sortParticles, numParticles );
+  CG_RadixSort( sortedParticles, radixBuffer, numParticles );
 
+  //FIXME: wtf?
   //reverse order of particles array
   for( i = 0; i < numParticles; i++ )
-    sortParticles[ i ] = particles[ numParticles - i - 1 ];
+    radixBuffer[ i ] = sortedParticles[ numParticles - i - 1 ];
 
   for( i = 0; i < numParticles; i++ )
-    particles[ i ] = sortParticles[ i ];
+    sortedParticles[ i ] = radixBuffer[ i ];
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2198,7 +1922,7 @@ void CG_AddParticles( void )
 
   for( i = 0; i < MAX_PARTICLES; i++ )
   {
-    p = &particles[ i ];
+    p = sortedParticles[ i ];
 
     if( p->valid )
     {
@@ -2209,7 +1933,7 @@ void CG_AddParticles( void )
         CG_RenderParticle( p );
       }
       else
-        CG_DestroyParticle( p );
+        CG_DestroyParticle( p, NULL );
     }
   }
 
@@ -2258,11 +1982,63 @@ void CG_ParticleSystemEntity( centity_t *cent )
 
     if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->entityPS ) )
     {
-      CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( cent->entityPS, cent->lerpOrigin );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cent->entityPS, cent );
-      CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( cent->entityPS );
+      CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &cent->entityPS->attachment, cent->lerpOrigin );
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->entityPS->attachment, cent );
+      CG_AttachToPoint( &cent->entityPS->attachment );
     }
     else
       cent->entityPSMissing = qtrue;
   }
 }
+
+static particleSystem_t *testPS;
+static qhandle_t        testPSHandle;
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_DestroyTestPS_f
+
+Destroy the test a particle system
+===============
+*/
+void CG_DestroyTestPS_f( void )
+{
+  if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &testPS ) )
+    CG_DestroyParticleSystem( &testPS );
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_TestPS_f
+
+Test a particle system
+===============
+*/
+void CG_TestPS_f( void )
+{
+  vec3_t  origin;
+  vec3_t  up = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
+  char    psName[ MAX_QPATH ];
+
+  if( trap_Argc( ) < 2 )
+    return;
+
+  Q_strncpyz( psName, CG_Argv( 1 ), MAX_QPATH );
+  testPSHandle = CG_RegisterParticleSystem( psName );
+
+  if( testPSHandle )
+  {
+    CG_DestroyTestPS_f( );
+
+    testPS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( testPSHandle );
+
+    VectorMA( cg.refdef.vieworg, 100, cg.refdef.viewaxis[ 0 ], origin );
+
+    if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &testPS ) )
+    {
+      CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &testPS->attachment, origin );
+      CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( testPS, up );
+      CG_AttachToPoint( &testPS->attachment );
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_players.c b/src/cgame/cg_players.c
index 18a32efc..1ef18f8b 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_players.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_players.c
@@ -1631,9 +1631,10 @@ static void CG_PlayerUpgrades( centity_t *cent, refEntity_t *torso )
 
       if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->jetPackPS ) )
       {
-        CG_SetParticleSystemTag( cent->jetPackPS, jetpack, jetpack.hModel, "tag_flash" );
-        CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cent->jetPackPS, cent );
-        CG_AttachParticleSystemToTag( cent->jetPackPS );
+        CG_SetAttachmentTag( &cent->jetPackPS->attachment,
+            jetpack, jetpack.hModel, "tag_flash" );
+        CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->jetPackPS->attachment, cent );
+        CG_AttachToTag( &cent->jetPackPS->attachment );
       }
     }
     else if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->jetPackPS ) )
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_servercmds.c b/src/cgame/cg_servercmds.c
index e2391127..a92fa37e 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_servercmds.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_servercmds.c
@@ -484,10 +484,6 @@ static void CG_MapRestart( void )
   CG_InitLocalEntities( );
   CG_InitMarkPolys( );
 
-  // Ridah, trails
-  CG_ClearTrails( );
-  // done.
-
   // make sure the "3 frags left" warnings play again
   cg.fraglimitWarnings = 0;
 
@@ -1048,9 +1044,13 @@ static void CG_ServerCommand( void )
   if( !strcmp( cmd, "poisoncloud" ) )
   {
     cg.poisonedTime = cg.time;
-    cg.poisonCloudPS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.poisonCloudPS );
-    CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cg.poisonCloudPS, &cg.predictedPlayerEntity );
-    CG_AttachParticleSystemToCent( cg.poisonCloudPS );
+
+    if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cg.poisonCloudPS ) )
+    {
+      cg.poisonCloudPS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( cgs.media.poisonCloudPS );
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cg.poisonCloudPS->attachment, &cg.predictedPlayerEntity );
+      CG_AttachToCent( &cg.poisonCloudPS->attachment );
+    }
 
     return;
   }
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_trails.c b/src/cgame/cg_trails.c
index 30347e61..e80225e4 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_trails.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_trails.c
@@ -1,816 +1,1430 @@
-// Ridah, cg_trails.c - draws a trail using multiple junction points
+// cg_trails.c -- the trail system
 
-#include "cg_local.h"
-
-typedef struct trailJunc_s
-{
-  struct trailJunc_s  *nextGlobal, *prevGlobal;  // next junction in the global list it is in (free or used)
-  struct trailJunc_s  *nextJunc;         // next junction in the trail
-  struct trailJunc_s  *nextHead, *prevHead;    // next head junc in the world
-
-  qboolean            inuse, freed;
-  int                 ownerIndex;
-  qhandle_t           shader;
-
-  int                 sType;
-  int                 flags;
-  float               sTex;
-  vec3_t              pos;
-  int                 spawnTime, endTime;
-  float               alphaStart, alphaEnd;
-  vec3_t              colorStart, colorEnd;
-  float               widthStart, widthEnd;
-
-  // current settings
-  float               alpha;
-  float               width;
-  vec3_t              color;
-
-} trailJunc_t;
-
-#define MAX_TRAILJUNCS  4096
+/*
+ *  Portions Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Tim Angus
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ *  under the terms of the OSML - Open Source Modification License v1.0 as
+ *  described in the file COPYING which is distributed with this source
+ *  code.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
 
-trailJunc_t trailJuncs[ MAX_TRAILJUNCS ];
-trailJunc_t *freeTrails, *activeTrails;
-trailJunc_t *headTrails;
+#include "cg_local.h"
 
-qboolean initTrails = qfalse;
+static baseTrailSystem_t  baseTrailSystems[ MAX_BASETRAIL_SYSTEMS ];
+static baseTrailBeam_t    baseTrailBeams[ MAX_BASETRAIL_BEAMS ];
+static int                numBaseTrailSystems = 0;
+static int                numBaseTrailBeams = 0;
 
-int numTrailsInuse;
+static trailSystem_t      trailSystems[ MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS ];
+static trailBeam_t        trailBeams[ MAX_TRAIL_BEAMS ];
 
 /*
 ===============
-CG_ClearTrails
+CG_CalculateBeamTextureCoordinates
+
+Fills in trailBeamNode_t.textureCoord
 ===============
 */
-void CG_ClearTrails( void )
+static void CG_CalculateBeamTextureCoordinates( trailBeam_t *tb )
 {
-  int   i;
-
-  memset( trailJuncs, 0, sizeof( trailJunc_t ) * MAX_TRAILJUNCS );
+  trailBeamNode_t *i = NULL;
+  trailSystem_t   *ts;
+  baseTrailBeam_t *btb;
+  float           nodeDistances[ MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES ];
+  float           totalDistance = 0.0f, position = 0.0f;
+  int             j, numNodes = 0;
+  float           TCRange, widthRange, alphaRange;
+  vec3_t          colorRange;
+  float           fadeAlpha = 1.0f;
+
+  if( !tb || !tb->nodes )
+    return;
 
-  freeTrails = trailJuncs;
-  activeTrails = NULL;
-  headTrails = NULL;
+  ts = tb->parent;
+  btb = tb->class;
 
-  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAILJUNCS; i++ )
+  if( ts->destroyTime > 0 && btb->fadeOutTime )
   {
-    trailJuncs[ i ].nextGlobal = &trailJuncs[ i + 1 ];
+    fadeAlpha -= ( cg.time - ts->destroyTime ) / btb->fadeOutTime;
 
-    if( i > 0 )
-      trailJuncs[ i ].prevGlobal = &trailJuncs[ i - 1 ];
-    else
-      trailJuncs[ i ].prevGlobal = NULL;
+    if( fadeAlpha < 0.0f )
+      fadeAlpha = 0.0f;
+  }
 
-    trailJuncs[ i ].inuse = qfalse;
+  TCRange = tb->class->backTextureCoord -
+    tb->class->frontTextureCoord;
+  widthRange = tb->class->backWidth -
+    tb->class->frontWidth;
+  alphaRange = tb->class->backAlpha -
+    tb->class->frontAlpha;
+  VectorSubtract( tb->class->backColor,
+      tb->class->frontColor, colorRange );
+
+  for( i = tb->nodes; i && i->next; i = i->next )
+  {
+    nodeDistances[ numNodes++ ] =
+      Distance( i->position, i->next->position );
   }
 
-  trailJuncs[ MAX_TRAILJUNCS - 1 ].nextGlobal = NULL;
+  for( j = 0; j < numNodes; j++ )
+    totalDistance += nodeDistances[ j ];
 
-  initTrails = qtrue;
-  numTrailsInuse = 0;
+  for( j = 0, i = tb->nodes; i; i = i->next, j++ )
+  {
+    if( tb->class->textureType == TBTT_STRETCH )
+    {
+      i->textureCoord = tb->class->frontTextureCoord +
+        ( ( position / totalDistance ) * TCRange );
+    }
+    else if( tb->class->textureType == TBTT_REPEAT )
+    {
+      if( tb->class->clampToBack )
+        i->textureCoord = ( totalDistance - position ) /
+          tb->class->repeatLength;
+      else
+        i->textureCoord = position / tb->class->repeatLength;
+    }
+
+    i->halfWidth = ( tb->class->frontWidth +
+      ( ( position / totalDistance ) * widthRange ) ) / 2.0f;
+    i->alpha = (byte)( (float)0xFF * ( tb->class->frontAlpha +
+      ( ( position / totalDistance ) * alphaRange ) ) * fadeAlpha );
+    VectorMA( tb->class->frontColor, ( position / totalDistance ),
+        colorRange, i->color );
+
+    position += nodeDistances[ j ];
+  }
 }
 
 /*
 ===============
-CG_SpawnTrailJunc
+CG_LightVertex
+
+Lights a particular vertex
 ===============
 */
-trailJunc_t *CG_SpawnTrailJunc( trailJunc_t *headJunc )
+static void CG_LightVertex( vec3_t point, byte alpha, byte *rgba )
 {
-  trailJunc_t *j;
+  int     i;
+  vec3_t  alight, dlight, lightdir;
 
-  if( !freeTrails )
-    return NULL;
+  trap_R_LightForPoint( point, alight, dlight, lightdir );
+  for( i = 0; i <= 2; i++ )
+    rgba[ i ] = (int)alight[ i ];
 
-  if( cg_paused.integer )
-    return NULL;
+  rgba[ 3 ] = alpha;
+}
 
-  // select the first free trail, and remove it from the list
-  j = freeTrails;
-  freeTrails = j->nextGlobal;
+/*
+===============
+CG_RenderBeam
 
-  if( freeTrails )
-    freeTrails->prevGlobal = NULL;
+Renders a beam
+===============
+*/
+static void CG_RenderBeam( trailBeam_t *tb )
+{
+  trailBeamNode_t *i = NULL;
+  trailBeamNode_t *prev = NULL;
+  trailBeamNode_t *next = NULL;
+  vec3_t          up;
+  polyVert_t      verts[ ( MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES - 1 ) * 4 ];
+  int             numVerts = 0;
+  baseTrailBeam_t *btb;
+
+  if( !tb || !tb->nodes )
+    return;
 
-  j->nextGlobal = activeTrails;
+  btb = tb->class;
 
-  if( activeTrails )
-    activeTrails->prevGlobal = j;
+  CG_CalculateBeamTextureCoordinates( tb );
 
-  activeTrails = j;
-  j->prevGlobal = NULL;
-  j->inuse = qtrue;
-  j->freed = qfalse;
+  i = tb->nodes;
 
-  // if this owner has a headJunc, add us to the start
-  if( headJunc )
+  do
   {
-    // remove the headJunc from the list of heads
-    if( headJunc == headTrails )
-    {
-      headTrails = headJunc->nextHead;
+    prev = i->prev;
+    next = i->next;
 
-      if( headTrails )
-        headTrails->prevHead = NULL;
+    if( prev && next )
+    {
+      //this node has two neighbours
+      GetPerpendicularViewVector( cg.refdef.vieworg, next->position, prev->position, up );
+    }
+    else if( !prev && next )
+    {
+      //this is the front
+      GetPerpendicularViewVector( cg.refdef.vieworg, next->position, i->position, up );
+    }
+    else if( prev && !next )
+    {
+      //this is the back
+      GetPerpendicularViewVector( cg.refdef.vieworg, i->position, prev->position, up );
     }
     else
+      break;
+
+    if( prev )
     {
-      if( headJunc->nextHead )
-        headJunc->nextHead->prevHead = headJunc->prevHead;
+      VectorMA( i->position, i->halfWidth + i->jitter, up, verts[ numVerts ].xyz );
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 0 ] = i->textureCoord;
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 1 ] = 1.0f;
+
+      if( btb->realLight )
+        CG_LightVertex( verts[ numVerts ].xyz, i->alpha, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+      else
+      {
+        VectorCopy( i->color, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+        verts[ numVerts ].modulate[ 3 ] = i->alpha;
+      }
+
+      numVerts++;
 
-      if( headJunc->prevHead )
-        headJunc->prevHead->nextHead = headJunc->nextHead;
+      VectorMA( i->position, -i->halfWidth + i->jitter, up, verts[ numVerts ].xyz );
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 0 ] = i->textureCoord;
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 1 ] = 0.0f;
+
+      if( btb->realLight )
+        CG_LightVertex( verts[ numVerts ].xyz, i->alpha, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+      else
+      {
+        VectorCopy( i->color, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+        verts[ numVerts ].modulate[ 3 ] = i->alpha;
+      }
+
+      numVerts++;
     }
-    headJunc->prevHead = NULL;
-    headJunc->nextHead = NULL;
-  }
 
-  // make us the headTrail
-  if( headTrails )
-    headTrails->prevHead = j;
+    if( next )
+    {
+      VectorMA( i->position, -i->halfWidth + i->jitter, up, verts[ numVerts ].xyz );
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 0 ] = i->textureCoord;
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 1 ] = 0.0f;
 
-  j->nextHead = headTrails;
-  j->prevHead = NULL;
-  headTrails = j;
+      if( btb->realLight )
+        CG_LightVertex( verts[ numVerts ].xyz, i->alpha, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+      else
+      {
+        VectorCopy( i->color, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+        verts[ numVerts ].modulate[ 3 ] = i->alpha;
+      }
 
-  j->nextJunc = headJunc; // if headJunc is NULL, then we'll just be the end of the list
+      numVerts++;
 
-  numTrailsInuse++;
+      VectorMA( i->position, i->halfWidth + i->jitter, up, verts[ numVerts ].xyz );
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 0 ] = i->textureCoord;
+      verts[ numVerts ].st[ 1 ] = 1.0f;
 
-  // debugging
-//  CG_Printf( "NumTrails: %i\n", numTrailsInuse );
+      if( btb->realLight )
+        CG_LightVertex( verts[ numVerts ].xyz, i->alpha, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+      else
+      {
+        VectorCopy( i->color, verts[ numVerts ].modulate );
+        verts[ numVerts ].modulate[ 3 ] = i->alpha;
+      }
 
-  return j;
-}
+      numVerts++;
+    }
+
+    i = i->next;
+  } while( i );
 
+  trap_R_AddPolysToScene( tb->class->shader, 4, &verts[ 0 ], numVerts / 4 );
+}
 
 /*
 ===============
-CG_AddTrailJunc
-
-  returns the index of the trail junction created
+CG_AllocateBeamNode
 
-  Used for generic trails
+Allocates a trailBeamNode_t from a trailBeam_t's nodePool
 ===============
 */
-int CG_AddTrailJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, int spawnTime, int sType, vec3_t pos,
-                     int trailLife, float alphaStart, float alphaEnd, float startWidth,
-                     float endWidth, int flags, vec3_t colorStart, vec3_t colorEnd,
-                     float sRatio, float animSpeed )
+static trailBeamNode_t *CG_AllocateBeamNode( trailBeam_t *tb )
 {
-  trailJunc_t *j, *headJunc;
+  baseTrailBeam_t *btb = tb->class;
+  int             i;
+  trailBeamNode_t *tbn;
 
-  if( headJuncIndex > 0 )
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES; i++ )
   {
-    headJunc = &trailJuncs[ headJuncIndex - 1 ];
-
-    if( !headJunc->inuse )
-      headJunc = NULL;
+    tbn = &tb->nodePool[ i ];
+    if( !tbn->used )
+    {
+      tbn->timeLeft = btb->segmentTime;
+      tbn->prev = NULL;
+      tbn->next = NULL;
+      tbn->used = qtrue;
+      return tbn;
+    }
   }
-  else
-    headJunc = NULL;
 
-  j = CG_SpawnTrailJunc( headJunc );
+  // no space left
+  return NULL;
+}
 
-  if( !j )
+/*
+===============
+CG_DestroyBeamNode
+
+Removes a node from a beam
+Returns the new head
+===============
+*/
+static trailBeamNode_t *CG_DestroyBeamNode( trailBeamNode_t *tbn )
+{
+  trailBeamNode_t *newHead = NULL;
+
+  if( tbn->prev )
   {
-//    CG_Printf("couldnt spawn trail junc\n");
-    return 0;
-  }
+    if( tbn->next )
+    {
+      // node is in the middle
+      tbn->prev->next = tbn->next;
+      tbn->next->prev = tbn->prev;
+    }
+    else // node is at the back
+      tbn->prev->next = NULL;
 
-  if( alphaStart > 1.0 )
-    alphaStart = 1.0;
+    // find the new head (shouldn't have changed)
+    newHead = tbn->prev;
 
-  if( alphaStart < 0.0 )
-    alphaStart = 0.0;
+    while( newHead->prev )
+      newHead = newHead->prev;
+  }
+  else if( tbn->next )
+  {
+    //node is at the front
+    tbn->next->prev = NULL;
+    newHead = tbn->next;
+  }
 
-  if( alphaEnd > 1.0 )
-    alphaEnd = 1.0;
+  tbn->prev = NULL;
+  tbn->next = NULL;
+  tbn->used = qfalse;
 
-  if( alphaEnd < 0.0 )
-    alphaEnd = 0.0;
+  return newHead;
+}
 
-  // setup the trail junction
-  j->shader = shader;
-  j->sType = sType;
-  VectorCopy( pos, j->pos );
-  j->flags = flags;
+/*
+===============
+CG_FindLastBeamNode
 
-  j->spawnTime = spawnTime;
-  j->endTime = spawnTime + trailLife;
+Returns the last beam node in a beam
+===============
+*/
+static trailBeamNode_t *CG_FindLastBeamNode( trailBeam_t *tb )
+{
+  trailBeamNode_t *i = tb->nodes;
 
-  VectorCopy( colorStart, j->colorStart );
-  VectorCopy( colorEnd, j->colorEnd );
+  while( i && i->next )
+    i = i->next;
 
-  j->alphaStart = alphaStart;
-  j->alphaEnd = alphaEnd;
+  return i;
+}
 
-  j->widthStart = startWidth;
-  j->widthEnd = endWidth;
+/*
+===============
+CG_CountBeamNodes
+
+Returns the number of nodes in a beam
+===============
+*/
+static int CG_CountBeamNodes( trailBeam_t *tb )
+{
+  trailBeamNode_t *i = tb->nodes;
+  int             numNodes = 0;
 
-  if( sType == STYPE_REPEAT )
+  while( i )
   {
-    if( headJunc )
-      j->sTex = headJunc->sTex + ( ( Distance( headJunc->pos, pos ) / sRatio) / j->widthEnd );
-    else
-    {
-      // FIXME: need a way to specify offset timing
-      j->sTex = ( animSpeed * ( 1.0 - ( (float)( cg.time % 1000 ) / 1000.0 ) ) ) / ( sRatio );
-//      j->sTex = 0;
-    }
+    numNodes++;
+    i = i->next;
   }
 
-  return ( (int)( j - trailJuncs ) + 1 );
+  return numNodes;
 }
 
 /*
 ===============
-CG_AddSparkJunc
+CG_PrependBeamNode
 
-  returns the index of the trail junction created
+Prepend a new beam node to the front of a beam
+Returns the new node
 ===============
 */
-int CG_AddSparkJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, vec3_t pos, int trailLife,
-                     float alphaStart, float alphaEnd, float startWidth, float endWidth )
+static trailBeamNode_t *CG_PrependBeamNode( trailBeam_t *tb )
 {
-  trailJunc_t *j, *headJunc;
+  trailBeamNode_t *i;
 
-  if( headJuncIndex > 0 )
+  if( tb->nodes )
   {
-    headJunc = &trailJuncs[ headJuncIndex - 1 ];
+    // prepend another node
+    i = CG_AllocateBeamNode( tb );
 
-    if( !headJunc->inuse )
-      headJunc = NULL;
+    if( i )
+    {
+      i->next = tb->nodes;
+      tb->nodes->prev = i;
+      tb->nodes = i;
+    }
   }
-  else
-    headJunc = NULL;
+  else //add first node
+  {
+    i = CG_AllocateBeamNode( tb );
 
-  j = CG_SpawnTrailJunc( headJunc );
+    if( i )
+      tb->nodes = i;
+  }
 
-  if( !j )
-    return 0;
+  return i;
+}
 
-  // setup the trail junction
-  j->shader = shader;
-  j->sType = STYPE_STRETCH;
-  VectorCopy( pos, j->pos );
-  j->flags = TJFL_NOCULL;   // don't worry about fading up close
+/*
+===============
+CG_AppendBeamNode
 
-  j->spawnTime = cg.time;
-  j->endTime = cg.time + trailLife;
+Append a new beam node to the back of a beam
+Returns the new node
+===============
+*/
+static trailBeamNode_t *CG_AppendBeamNode( trailBeam_t *tb )
+{
+  trailBeamNode_t *last, *i;
 
-  VectorSet( j->colorStart, 1.0, 0.8 + 0.2 * alphaStart, 0.4 + 0.4 * alphaStart );
-  VectorSet( j->colorEnd, 1.0, 0.8 + 0.2 * alphaEnd, 0.4 + 0.4 * alphaEnd );
-//  VectorScale( j->colorStart, alphaStart, j->colorStart );
-//  VectorScale( j->colorEnd, alphaEnd, j->colorEnd );
+  if( tb->nodes )
+  {
+    // append another node
+    last = CG_FindLastBeamNode( tb );
+    i = CG_AllocateBeamNode( tb );
 
-  j->alphaStart = alphaStart*2;
-  j->alphaEnd = alphaEnd*2;
-//  j->alphaStart = 1.0;
-//  j->alphaEnd = 1.0;
+    if( i )
+    {
+      last->next = i;
+      i->prev = last;
+      i->next = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  else //add first node
+  {
+    i = CG_AllocateBeamNode( tb );
 
-  j->widthStart = startWidth;
-  j->widthEnd = endWidth;
+    if( i )
+      tb->nodes = i;
+  }
 
-  return ( (int)( j - trailJuncs ) + 1 );
+  return i;
 }
 
 /*
 ===============
-CG_AddSmokeJunc
-
-  returns the index of the trail junction created
+CG_ApplyJitters
 ===============
 */
-int CG_AddSmokeJunc( int headJuncIndex, qhandle_t shader, vec3_t pos, int trailLife,
-                     float alpha, float startWidth, float endWidth )
+static void CG_ApplyJitters( trailBeam_t *tb )
 {
-#define ST_RATIO  4.0   // sprite image: width / height
-  trailJunc_t *j, *headJunc;
+  trailBeamNode_t *i = NULL;
+  int             j;
+  baseTrailBeam_t *btb;
+  trailSystem_t   *ts;
+  trailBeamNode_t *start;
+  trailBeamNode_t *end;
+
+  if( !tb || !tb->nodes )
+    return;
 
-  if( headJuncIndex > 0 )
+  btb = tb->class;
+  ts = tb->parent;
+
+  for( j = 0; j < btb->numJitters; j++ )
   {
-    headJunc = &trailJuncs[ headJuncIndex - 1 ];
+    if( tb->nextJitterTimes[ j ] <= cg.time )
+    {
+      for( i = tb->nodes; i; i = i->next )
+        i->jitters[ j ] = ( crandom( ) * btb->jitters[ j ].magnitude );
 
-    if( !headJunc->inuse )
-      headJunc = NULL;
+      tb->nextJitterTimes[ j ] = cg.time + btb->jitters[ j ].period;
+    }
   }
-  else
-    headJunc = NULL;
 
-  j = CG_SpawnTrailJunc( headJunc );
+  start = tb->nodes;
+  end = CG_FindLastBeamNode( tb );
 
-  if( !j )
-    return 0;
+  if( !btb->jitterAttachments )
+  {
+    if( CG_Attached( &ts->frontAttachment ) && start->next )
+      start = start->next;
 
-  // setup the trail junction
-  j->shader = shader;
-  j->sType = STYPE_REPEAT;
-  VectorCopy( pos, j->pos );
-  j->flags = TJFL_FADEIN;
+    if( CG_Attached( &ts->backAttachment ) && end->prev )
+      end = end->prev;
+  }
 
-  j->spawnTime = cg.time;
-  j->endTime = cg.time + trailLife;
+  for( i = start; i; i = i->next )
+  {
+    i->jitter = 0.0f;
 
-  // VectorSet(j->colorStart, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2);
-  VectorSet(j->colorStart, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-  // VectorSet(j->colorEnd, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
-  VectorSet(j->colorEnd, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    for( j = 0; j < btb->numJitters; j++ )
+      i->jitter += i->jitters[ j ];
 
-  j->alphaStart = alpha;
-  j->alphaEnd = 0.0;
+    //mmmm... nice
+    if( i == end )
+      break;
+  }
+}
 
-  j->widthStart = startWidth;
-  j->widthEnd = endWidth;
+/*
+===============
+CG_UpdateBeam
 
-  if( headJunc )
-    j->sTex = headJunc->sTex + ( ( Distance( headJunc->pos, pos ) / ST_RATIO ) / j->widthEnd );
-  else
+Updates a beam
+===============
+*/
+static void CG_UpdateBeam( trailBeam_t *tb )
+{
+  baseTrailBeam_t *btb;
+  trailSystem_t   *ts;
+  trailBeamNode_t *i;
+  int             deltaTime;
+  int             nodesToAdd;
+  int             j;
+  int             numNodes;
+
+  if( !tb )
+    return;
+
+  btb = tb->class;
+  ts = tb->parent;
+
+  deltaTime = cg.time - tb->lastEvalTime;
+  tb->lastEvalTime = cg.time;
+
+  // first make sure this beam has enough nodes
+  if( ts->destroyTime <= 0 )
   {
-    // first junction, so this will become the "tail" very soon, make it fade out
-    j->sTex = 0;
-    j->alphaStart = 0.0;
-    j->alphaEnd = 0.0;
+    nodesToAdd = btb->numSegments - CG_CountBeamNodes( tb ) + 1;
+
+    while( nodesToAdd-- )
+    {
+      i = CG_AppendBeamNode( tb );
+
+      if( !tb->nodes->next && CG_Attached( &ts->frontAttachment ) )
+      {
+        // this is the first node to be added
+        CG_AttachmentPoint( &ts->frontAttachment, i->refPosition );
+      }
+      else
+        VectorCopy( i->prev->refPosition, i->refPosition );
+    }
   }
 
-  return ( (int)( j - trailJuncs ) + 1 );
-}
+  numNodes = CG_CountBeamNodes( tb );
 
-void CG_KillTrail( trailJunc_t *t );
+  for( i = tb->nodes; i; i = i->next )
+    VectorCopy( i->refPosition, i->position );
 
-/*
-===========
-CG_FreeTrailJunc
-===========
-*/
-void CG_FreeTrailJunc( trailJunc_t *junc )
-{
-  // kill any juncs after us, so they aren't left hanging
-  if( junc->nextJunc )
-    CG_KillTrail( junc );
+  if( CG_Attached( &ts->frontAttachment ) && CG_Attached( &ts->backAttachment ) )
+  {
+    // beam between two attachments
+    vec3_t dir, front, back;
+
+    if( ts->destroyTime > 0 && ( cg.time - ts->destroyTime ) >= btb->fadeOutTime )
+    {
+      tb->valid = qfalse;
+      return;
+    }
 
-  // make it non-active
-  junc->inuse = qfalse;
-  junc->freed = qtrue;
+    CG_AttachmentPoint( &ts->frontAttachment, front );
+    CG_AttachmentPoint( &ts->backAttachment, back );
+    VectorSubtract( back, front, dir );
 
-  if( junc->nextGlobal )
-    junc->nextGlobal->prevGlobal = junc->prevGlobal;
+    for( j = 0, i = tb->nodes; i; i = i->next, j++ )
+    {
+      float scale = (float)j / (float)( numNodes - 1 );
 
-  if( junc->prevGlobal )
-    junc->prevGlobal->nextGlobal = junc->nextGlobal;
+      VectorMA( front, scale, dir, i->position );
+    }
+  }
+  else if( CG_Attached( &ts->frontAttachment ) )
+  {
+    // beam from one attachment
 
-  if( junc == activeTrails )
-    activeTrails = junc->nextGlobal;
+    // cull the trail tail
+    i = CG_FindLastBeamNode( tb );
 
-  // if it's a head, remove it
-  if( junc == headTrails )
-    headTrails = junc->nextHead;
+    if( i && i->timeLeft >= 0 )
+    {
+      i->timeLeft -= deltaTime;
 
-  if( junc->nextHead )
-    junc->nextHead->prevHead = junc->prevHead;
+      if( i->timeLeft < 0 )
+      {
+        tb->nodes = CG_DestroyBeamNode( i );
 
-  if( junc->prevHead )
-    junc->prevHead->nextHead = junc->nextHead;
+        if( !tb->nodes )
+        {
+          tb->valid = qfalse;
+          return;
+        }
 
-  junc->nextHead = NULL;
-  junc->prevHead = NULL;
+        // if the ts has been destroyed, stop creating new nodes
+        if( ts->destroyTime <= 0 )
+          CG_PrependBeamNode( tb );
+      }
+      else if( i->timeLeft >= 0 && i->prev )
+      {
+        vec3_t  dir;
+        float   length;
 
-  // stick it in the free list
-  junc->prevGlobal = NULL;
-  junc->nextGlobal = freeTrails;
+        VectorSubtract( i->refPosition, i->prev->refPosition, dir );
+        length = VectorNormalize( dir ) *
+          ( (float)i->timeLeft / (float)tb->class->segmentTime );
 
-  if( freeTrails )
-    freeTrails->prevGlobal = junc;
+        VectorMA( i->prev->refPosition, length, dir, i->position );
+      }
+    }
 
-  freeTrails = junc;
+    CG_AttachmentPoint( &ts->frontAttachment, tb->nodes->refPosition );
+    VectorCopy( tb->nodes->refPosition, tb->nodes->position );
+  }
 
-  numTrailsInuse--;
+  CG_ApplyJitters( tb );
 }
 
 /*
-===========
-CG_KillTrail
-===========
+===============
+CG_ParseTrailBeamColor
+===============
 */
-void CG_KillTrail( trailJunc_t *t )
+static qboolean CG_ParseTrailBeamColor( byte *c, char **text_p )
 {
-  trailJunc_t *next;
+  char  *token;
+  int   i;
 
-  next = t->nextJunc;
+  for( i = 0; i <= 2; i++ )
+  {
+    token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+      return qfalse;
 
-  // kill the trail here
-  t->nextJunc = NULL;
+    c[ i ] = (int)( (float)0xFF * atof_neg( token, qfalse ) );
+  }
 
-  if( next )
-    CG_FreeTrailJunc( next );
+  return qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
-==============
-CG_AddTrailToScene
+===============
+CG_ParseTrailBeam
 
-  TODO: this can do with some major optimization
-==============
+Parse a trail beam
+===============
 */
-static vec3_t vforward, vright, vup;
+static qboolean CG_ParseTrailBeam( baseTrailBeam_t *btb, char **text_p )
+{
+  char  *token;
+
+  // read optional parameters
+  while( 1 )
+  {
+    token = COM_Parse( text_p );
 
-//TA: staticised to please QVM
-  #define MAX_TRAIL_VERTS   2048
-static polyVert_t verts[ MAX_TRAIL_VERTS ];
-static polyVert_t outVerts[ MAX_TRAIL_VERTS * 3 ];
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+      return qfalse;
 
-void CG_AddTrailToScene( trailJunc_t *trail, int iteration, int numJuncs )
-{
-  int         k, i, n, l, numOutVerts;
-  polyVert_t  mid;
-  float       mod[ 4 ];
-  float       sInc = 0.0f, s = 0.0f; // TTimo: init
-  trailJunc_t *j, *jNext;
-  vec3_t      fwd, up, p, v;
-
-  // clipping vars
-  #define TRAIL_FADE_CLOSE_DIST 64.0
-  #define TRAIL_FADE_FAR_SCALE  4.0
-  vec3_t  viewProj;
-  float viewDist, fadeAlpha;
-
-  // add spark shader at head position
-  if( trail->flags & TJFL_SPARKHEADFLARE )
-  {
-    j = trail;
-    VectorCopy( j->pos, p );
-    VectorMA( p, -j->width * 2, vup, p );
-    VectorMA( p, -j->width * 2, vright, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ 0 ].xyz );
-    verts[ 0 ].st[ 0 ] = 0;
-    verts[ 0 ].st[ 1 ] = 0;
-    verts[ 0 ].modulate[ 0 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 0 ].modulate[ 1 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 0 ].modulate[ 2 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 0 ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( j->alpha * 255.0 );
-
-    VectorCopy( j->pos, p );
-    VectorMA( p, -j->width * 2, vup, p );
-    VectorMA( p, j->width * 2, vright, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ 1 ].xyz );
-    verts[ 1 ].st[ 0 ] = 0;
-    verts[ 1 ].st[ 1 ] = 1;
-    verts[ 1 ].modulate[ 0 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 1 ].modulate[ 1 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 1 ].modulate[ 2 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 1 ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( j->alpha * 255.0 );
-
-    VectorCopy( j->pos, p );
-    VectorMA( p, j->width * 2, vup, p );
-    VectorMA( p, j->width * 2, vright, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ 2 ].xyz );
-    verts[ 2 ].st[ 0 ] = 1;
-    verts[ 2 ].st[ 1 ] = 1;
-    verts[ 2 ].modulate[ 0 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 2 ].modulate[ 1 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 2 ].modulate[ 2 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 2 ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( j->alpha * 255.0 );
-
-    VectorCopy( j->pos, p );
-    VectorMA( p,  j->width * 2, vup, p );
-    VectorMA( p, -j->width * 2, vright, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ 3 ].xyz );
-    verts[ 3 ].st[ 0 ] = 1;
-    verts[ 3 ].st[ 1 ] = 0;
-    verts[ 3 ].modulate[ 0 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 3 ].modulate[ 1 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 3 ].modulate[ 2 ] = 255;
-    verts[ 3 ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( j->alpha * 255.0 );
-
-    trap_R_AddPolyToScene( cgs.media.sparkFlareShader, 4, verts );
-  }
-
-//  if (trail->flags & TJFL_CROSSOVER && iteration < 1) {
-//    iteration = 1;
-//  }
-
-  if( !numJuncs )
-  {
-    // first count the number of juncs in the trail
-    j = trail;
-    numJuncs = 0;
-    sInc = 0;
-
-    while( j )
-    {
-      numJuncs++;
-
-      // check for a dead next junc
-      if( !j->inuse && j->nextJunc && !j->nextJunc->inuse )
-        CG_KillTrail( j );
-      else if( j->nextJunc && j->nextJunc->freed )
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "segments" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      btb->numSegments = atoi_neg( token, qfalse );
+
+      if( btb->numSegments >= MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES )
       {
-        // not sure how this can happen, but it does, and causes infinite loops
-        j->nextJunc = NULL;
+        btb->numSegments = MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_NODES - 1;
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WARNING: too many segments in trail beam\n" );
       }
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "width" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
 
-      if( j->nextJunc )
-        sInc += VectorDistance( j->nextJunc->pos, j->pos );
+      btb->frontWidth = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
 
-      j = j->nextJunc;
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "-" ) )
+        btb->backWidth = btb->frontWidth;
+      else
+        btb->backWidth = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
+      continue;
     }
-  }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "alpha" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
 
-  if( numJuncs < 2 )
-    return;
+      btb->frontAlpha = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
 
-  if( trail->sType == STYPE_STRETCH )
-  {
-    //sInc = ((1.0 - 0.1) / (float)(numJuncs)); // hack, the end of funnel shows a bit of the start (looping)
-    s = 0.05;
-    //s = 0.05;
-  }
-  else if( trail->sType == STYPE_REPEAT )
-    s = trail->sTex;
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
 
-  // now traverse the list
-  j = trail;
-  jNext = j->nextJunc;
-  i = 0;
-  while( jNext )
-  {
-    // first get the directional vectors to the next junc
-    VectorSubtract( jNext->pos, j->pos, fwd );
-    GetPerpendicularViewVector( cg.refdef.vieworg, j->pos, jNext->pos, up );
-
-    // if it's a crossover, draw it twice
-    if( j->flags & TJFL_CROSSOVER )
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "-" ) )
+        btb->backAlpha = btb->frontAlpha;
+      else
+        btb->backAlpha = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "color" ) )
     {
-      if( iteration > 0 )
-      {
-        ProjectPointOntoVector( cg.refdef.vieworg, j->pos, jNext->pos, viewProj );
-        VectorSubtract( cg.refdef.vieworg, viewProj, v );
-        VectorNormalize( v );
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
 
-        if( iteration == 1 )
-          VectorMA( up, 0.3, v, up );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "{" ) )
+      {
+        if( !CG_ParseTrailBeamColor( btb->frontColor, text_p ) )
+          break;
+
+        token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+        if( Q_stricmp( token, "}" ) )
+        {
+          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: missing '}'\n" );
+          break;
+        }
+
+        token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+          break;
+
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "-" ) )
+        {
+          btb->backColor[ 0 ] = btb->frontColor[ 0 ];
+          btb->backColor[ 1 ] = btb->frontColor[ 1 ];
+          btb->backColor[ 2 ] = btb->frontColor[ 2 ];
+        }
+        else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "{" ) )
+        {
+          if( !CG_ParseTrailBeamColor( btb->backColor, text_p ) )
+            break;
+
+          token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+          if( Q_stricmp( token, "}" ) )
+          {
+            CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: missing '}'\n" );
+            break;
+          }
+        }
         else
-          VectorMA( up, -0.3, v, up );
-
-        VectorNormalize( up );
+        {
+          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: missing '{'\n" );
+          break;
+        }
       }
+      else
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: missing '{'\n" );
+        break;
+      }
+
+      continue;
     }
-    // do fading when moving towards the projection point onto the trail segment vector
-    else if( !( j->flags & TJFL_NOCULL ) && ( j->widthEnd > 4 || jNext->widthEnd > 4 ) )
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "segmentTime" ) )
     {
-      ProjectPointOntoVector( cg.refdef.vieworg, j->pos, jNext->pos, viewProj );
-      viewDist = Distance( viewProj, cg.refdef.vieworg );
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      btb->segmentTime = atoi_neg( token, qfalse );
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "fadeOutTime" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      btb->fadeOutTime = atoi_neg( token, qfalse );
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "shader" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      Q_strncpyz( btb->shaderName, token, MAX_QPATH );
+
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "textureType" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "stretch" ) )
+      {
+        btb->textureType = TBTT_STRETCH;
+
+        token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+          break;
+
+        btb->frontTextureCoord = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
+
+        token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+          break;
 
-      if( viewDist < ( TRAIL_FADE_CLOSE_DIST * TRAIL_FADE_FAR_SCALE ) )
+        btb->backTextureCoord = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
+      }
+      else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "repeat" ) )
       {
-        if( viewDist < TRAIL_FADE_CLOSE_DIST )
-          fadeAlpha = 0.0;
+        btb->textureType = TBTT_REPEAT;
+
+        token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+          break;
+
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "front" ) )
+          btb->clampToBack = qfalse;
+        else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "back" ) )
+          btb->clampToBack = qtrue;
         else
-          fadeAlpha = ( viewDist - TRAIL_FADE_CLOSE_DIST ) / ( TRAIL_FADE_CLOSE_DIST * TRAIL_FADE_FAR_SCALE );
+        {
+          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: unknown textureType clamp \"%s\"\n", token );
+          break;
+        }
 
-        if( fadeAlpha < j->alpha )
-          j->alpha = fadeAlpha;
+        token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+        if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+          break;
 
-        if( fadeAlpha < jNext->alpha )
-          jNext->alpha = fadeAlpha;
+        btb->repeatLength = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
       }
+      else
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: unknown textureType \"%s\"\n", token );
+        break;
+      }
+
+      continue;
     }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "realLight" ) )
+    {
+      btb->realLight = qtrue;
 
-    // now output the QUAD for this segment
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "jitter" ) )
+    {
+      if( btb->numJitters == MAX_TRAIL_BEAM_JITTERS )
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: too many jitters\n", token );
+        break;
+      }
+
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
+
+      btb->jitters[ btb->numJitters ].magnitude = atof_neg( token, qfalse );
 
-    // 1 ----
-    VectorMA( j->pos, 0.5 * j->width, up, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ i ].xyz );
-    verts[ i ].st[ 0 ] = s;
-    verts[ i ].st[ 1 ] = 1.0;
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+        break;
 
-    for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
-      verts[ i ].modulate[ k ] = (unsigned char)( j->color[ k ] * 255.0 );
+      btb->jitters[ btb->numJitters ].period = atoi_neg( token, qfalse );
 
-    verts[ i ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( j->alpha * 255.0 );
+      btb->numJitters++;
+
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "jitterAttachments" ) )
+    {
+      btb->jitterAttachments = qtrue;
 
-    // blend this with the previous junc
-    if( j != trail )
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "}" ) )
+      return qtrue; //reached the end of this trail beam
+    else
     {
-      VectorAdd( verts[ i ].xyz, verts[ i - 1 ].xyz, verts[ i ].xyz );
-      VectorScale( verts[ i ].xyz, 0.5, verts[ i ].xyz );
-      VectorCopy( verts[ i ].xyz, verts[ i - 1 ].xyz );
+      CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: unknown token '%s' in trail beam\n", token );
+      return qfalse;
     }
-    else if( j->flags & TJFL_FADEIN )
-      verts[ i ].modulate[ 3 ] = 0; // fade in
+  }
 
-    i++;
+  return qfalse;
+}
 
-    // 2 ----
-    VectorMA( p, -1 * j->width, up, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ i ].xyz );
-    verts[ i ].st[ 0 ] = s;
-    verts[ i ].st[ 1 ] = 0.0;
+/*
+===============
+CG_InitialiseTrailBeam
+===============
+*/
+static void CG_InitialiseTrailBeam( baseTrailBeam_t *btb )
+{
+  memset( btb, 0, sizeof( baseTrailBeam_t ) );
 
-    for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
-      verts[ i ].modulate[ k ] = (unsigned char)( j->color[ k ] * 255.0 );
+  btb->numSegments = 1;
+  btb->frontWidth = btb->backWidth = 8.0f;
+  btb->frontAlpha = btb->backAlpha = 1.0f;
+  memset( btb->frontColor, 0xFF, sizeof( btb->frontColor ) );
+  memset( btb->backColor, 0xFF, sizeof( btb->backColor ) );
 
-    verts[ i ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( j->alpha * 255.0 );
+  btb->segmentTime = 250;
+
+  btb->textureType = TBTT_STRETCH;
+  btb->frontTextureCoord = 0.0f;
+  btb->backTextureCoord = 1.0f;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_ParseTrailSystem
+
+Parse a trail system section
+===============
+*/
+static qboolean CG_ParseTrailSystem( baseTrailSystem_t *bts, char **text_p, const char *name )
+{
+  char *token;
+
+  // read optional parameters
+  while( 1 )
+  {
+    token = COM_Parse( text_p );
 
-    // blend this with the previous junc
-    if( j != trail )
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
+      return qfalse;
+
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "{" ) )
     {
-      VectorAdd( verts[ i ].xyz, verts[ i - 3 ].xyz, verts[ i ].xyz );
-      VectorScale( verts[ i ].xyz, 0.5, verts[ i ].xyz );
-      VectorCopy( verts[ i ].xyz, verts[ i - 3 ].xyz );
-    }
-    else if( j->flags & TJFL_FADEIN )
-      verts[ i ].modulate[ 3 ] = 0; // fade in
+      CG_InitialiseTrailBeam( &baseTrailBeams[ numBaseTrailBeams ] );
 
-    i++;
+      if( !CG_ParseTrailBeam( &baseTrailBeams[ numBaseTrailBeams ], text_p ) )
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: failed to parse trail beam\n" );
+        return qfalse;
+      }
+
+      if( bts->numBeams == MAX_BEAMS_PER_SYSTEM )
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: trail system has > %d beams\n", MAX_BEAMS_PER_SYSTEM );
+        return qfalse;
+      }
+      else if( numBaseTrailBeams == MAX_BASETRAIL_BEAMS )
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: maximum number of trail beams (%d) reached\n",
+            MAX_BASETRAIL_BEAMS );
+        return qfalse;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        //start parsing beams again
+        bts->beams[ bts->numBeams ] = &baseTrailBeams[ numBaseTrailBeams ];
+        bts->numBeams++;
+        numBaseTrailBeams++;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "beam" ) ) //acceptable text
+      continue;
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "}" ) )
+    {
+      if( cg_debugTrails.integer >= 1 )
+        CG_Printf( "Parsed trail system %s\n", name );
 
-    if( trail->sType == STYPE_REPEAT )
-      s = jNext->sTex;
+      return qtrue; //reached the end of this trail system
+    }
     else
     {
-      //s += sInc;
-      s += VectorDistance( j->pos, jNext->pos ) / sInc;
-      if( s > 1.0 )
-        s = 1.0;
+      CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: unknown token '%s' in trail system %s\n", token, bts->name );
+      return qfalse;
     }
+  }
 
-    // 3 ----
-    VectorMA( jNext->pos, -0.5 * jNext->width, up, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ i ].xyz );
-    verts[ i ].st[ 0 ] = s;
-    verts[ i ].st[ 1 ] = 0.0;
+  return qfalse;
+}
 
-    for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
-      verts[ i ].modulate[ k ] = (unsigned char)( jNext->color[ k ] * 255.0 );
+/*
+===============
+CG_ParseTrailFile
 
-    verts[ i ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( jNext->alpha * 255.0 );
-    i++;
+Load the trail systems from a trail file
+===============
+*/
+static qboolean CG_ParseTrailFile( const char *fileName )
+{
+  char          *text_p;
+  int           i;
+  int           len;
+  char          *token;
+  char          text[ 32000 ];
+  char          tsName[ MAX_QPATH ];
+  qboolean      tsNameSet = qfalse;
+  fileHandle_t  f;
+
+  // load the file
+  len = trap_FS_FOpenFile( fileName, &f, FS_READ );
+  if( len <= 0 )
+    return qfalse;
+
+  if( len >= sizeof( text ) - 1 )
+  {
+    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: trail file %s too long\n", fileName );
+    return qfalse;
+  }
 
-    // 4 ----
-    VectorMA( p, jNext->width, up, p );
-    VectorCopy( p, verts[ i ].xyz );
-    verts[ i ].st[ 0 ] = s;
-    verts[ i ].st[ 1 ] = 1.0;
+  trap_FS_Read( text, len, f );
+  text[ len ] = 0;
+  trap_FS_FCloseFile( f );
 
-    for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
-      verts[ i ].modulate[ k ] = (unsigned char)( jNext->color[ k ] * 255.0 );
+  // parse the text
+  text_p = text;
 
-    verts[ i ].modulate[ 3 ] = (unsigned char)( jNext->alpha * 255.0 );
-    i++;
+  // read optional parameters
+  while( 1 )
+  {
+    token = COM_Parse( &text_p );
 
-    if( i + 4 > MAX_TRAIL_VERTS )
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "" ) )
       break;
 
-    j = jNext;
-    jNext = j->nextJunc;
+    if( !Q_stricmp( token, "{" ) )
+    {
+      if( tsNameSet )
+      {
+        //check for name space clashes
+        for( i = 0; i < numBaseTrailSystems; i++ )
+        {
+          if( !Q_stricmp( baseTrailSystems[ i ].name, tsName ) )
+          {
+            CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: a trail system is already named %s\n", tsName );
+            return qfalse;
+          }
+        }
+
+        Q_strncpyz( baseTrailSystems[ numBaseTrailSystems ].name, tsName, MAX_QPATH );
+
+        if( !CG_ParseTrailSystem( &baseTrailSystems[ numBaseTrailSystems ], &text_p, tsName ) )
+        {
+          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: %s: failed to parse trail system %s\n", fileName, tsName );
+          return qfalse;
+        }
+
+        //start parsing trail systems again
+        tsNameSet = qfalse;
+
+        if( numBaseTrailSystems == MAX_BASETRAIL_SYSTEMS )
+        {
+          CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: maximum number of trail systems (%d) reached\n",
+              MAX_BASETRAIL_SYSTEMS );
+          return qfalse;
+        }
+        else
+          numBaseTrailSystems++;
+
+        continue;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: unamed trail system\n" );
+        return qfalse;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( !tsNameSet )
+    {
+      Q_strncpyz( tsName, token, sizeof( tsName ) );
+      tsNameSet = qtrue;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: trail system already named\n" );
+      return qfalse;
+    }
   }
 
-  if( trail->flags & TJFL_FIXDISTORT )
+  return qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_LoadTrailSystems
+
+Load trail system templates
+===============
+*/
+void CG_LoadTrailSystems( void )
+{
+  int         i;
+  /*const char  *s[ MAX_TRAIL_FILES ];*/
+
+  //clear out the old
+  numBaseTrailSystems = 0;
+  numBaseTrailBeams = 0;
+
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_BASETRAIL_SYSTEMS; i++ )
   {
-    // build the list of outVerts, by dividing up the QUAD's into 4 Tri's each, so as to allow
-    //  any shaped (convex) Quad without bilinear distortion
-    for( k = 0, numOutVerts = 0; k < i; k += 4 )
-    {
-      VectorCopy( verts[ k ].xyz, mid.xyz );
-      mid.st[ 0 ] = verts[ k ].st[ 0 ];
-      mid.st[ 1 ] = verts[ k ].st[ 1 ];
+    baseTrailSystem_t  *bts = &baseTrailSystems[ i ];
+    memset( bts, 0, sizeof( baseTrailSystem_t ) );
+  }
 
-      for( l = 0; l < 4; l++ )
-        mod[ l ] = (float)verts[ k ].modulate[ l ];
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_BASETRAIL_BEAMS; i++ )
+  {
+    baseTrailBeam_t  *btb = &baseTrailBeams[ i ];
+    memset( btb, 0, sizeof( baseTrailBeam_t ) );
+  }
 
-      for( n = 1; n < 4; n++ )
-      {
-        VectorAdd( verts[ k + n ].xyz, mid.xyz, mid.xyz );
-        mid.st[ 0 ] += verts[ k + n ].st[ 0 ];
-        mid.st[ 1 ] += verts[ k + n ].st[ 1 ];
+  //and bring in the new
+/*  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_FILES; i++ )
+  {
+    s[ i ] = CG_ConfigString( CS_TRAIL_FILES + i );
 
-        for( l = 0; l < 4; l++ )
-          mod[ l ] += (float)verts[ k + n ].modulate[ l ];
-      }
+    if( strlen( s[ i ] ) > 0 )
+    {
+      CG_Printf( "...loading '%s'\n", s[ i ] );
+      CG_ParseTrailFile( s[ i ] );
+    }
+    else
+      break;
+  }*/
+  CG_Printf( "trail.trail: %d\n", CG_ParseTrailFile( "scripts/trail.trail" ) );
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_RegisterTrailSystem
+
+Load the media that a trail system needs
+===============
+*/
+qhandle_t CG_RegisterTrailSystem( char *name )
+{
+  int               i, j;
+  baseTrailSystem_t *bts;
+  baseTrailBeam_t   *btb;
 
-      VectorScale( mid.xyz, 0.25, mid.xyz );
-      mid.st[ 0 ] *= 0.25;
-      mid.st[ 1 ] *= 0.25;
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS; i++ )
+  {
+    bts = &baseTrailSystems[ i ];
 
-      for( l = 0; l < 4; l++ )
-        mid.modulate[ l ] = (unsigned char)( mod[ l ] / 4.0 );
+    if( !Q_stricmp( bts->name, name ) )
+    {
+      //already registered
+      if( bts->registered )
+        return i + 1;
 
-      // now output the tri's
-      for( n = 0; n < 4; n++ )
+      for( j = 0; j < bts->numBeams; j++ )
       {
-        outVerts[ numOutVerts++ ] = verts[ k + n ];
-        outVerts[ numOutVerts++ ] = mid;
+        btb = bts->beams[ j ];
 
-        if( n < 3 )
-          outVerts[ numOutVerts++ ] = verts[ k + n + 1 ];
-        else
-          outVerts[ numOutVerts++ ] = verts[ k ];
+        btb->shader = trap_R_RegisterShader( btb->shaderName );
       }
 
+      if( cg_debugTrails.integer >= 1 )
+        CG_Printf( "Registered trail system %s\n", name );
+
+      bts->registered = qtrue;
+
+      //avoid returning 0
+      return i + 1;
     }
+  }
 
-    if( !( trail->flags & TJFL_NOPOLYMERGE ) )
-      trap_R_AddPolysToScene( trail->shader, 3, &outVerts[ 0 ], numOutVerts / 3 );
-    else
+  CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: failed to register trail system %s\n", name );
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SpawnNewTrailBeam
+
+Allocate a new trail beam
+===============
+*/
+static trailBeam_t *CG_SpawnNewTrailBeam( baseTrailBeam_t *btb,
+    trailSystem_t *parent )
+{
+  int           i;
+  trailBeam_t   *tb = NULL;
+  trailSystem_t *ts = parent;
+
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_BEAMS; i++ )
+  {
+    tb = &trailBeams[ i ];
+
+    if( !tb->valid )
     {
-      int k;
+      memset( tb, 0, sizeof( trailBeam_t ) );
 
-      for( k = 0; k < numOutVerts / 3; k++ )
-        trap_R_AddPolyToScene( trail->shader, 3, &outVerts[ k * 3 ] );
+      //found a free slot
+      tb->class = btb;
+      tb->parent = ts;
+
+      tb->valid = qtrue;
+
+      if( cg_debugTrails.integer >= 1 )
+        CG_Printf( "TB %s created\n", ts->class->name );
+
+      break;
     }
   }
-  else
+
+  return tb;
+}
+
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem
+
+Spawns a new trail system
+===============
+*/
+trailSystem_t *CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem( qhandle_t psHandle )
+{
+  int               i, j;
+  trailSystem_t     *ts = NULL;
+  baseTrailSystem_t *bts = &baseTrailSystems[ psHandle - 1 ];
+
+  if( !bts->registered )
   {
-    // send the polygons
-    // FIXME: is it possible to send a GL_STRIP here? We are actually sending 2x the verts we really need to
-    if( !( trail->flags & TJFL_NOPOLYMERGE ) )
-      trap_R_AddPolysToScene( trail->shader, 4, &verts[ 0 ], i / 4 );
-    else
+    CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: a trail system has not been registered yet\n" );
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS; i++ )
+  {
+    ts = &trailSystems[ i ];
+
+    if( !ts->valid )
     {
-      int k;
+      memset( ts, 0, sizeof( trailSystem_t ) );
+
+      //found a free slot
+      ts->class = bts;
+
+      ts->valid = qtrue;
+      ts->destroyTime = -1;
+
+      for( j = 0; j < bts->numBeams; j++ )
+        CG_SpawnNewTrailBeam( bts->beams[ j ], ts );
 
-      for( k = 0; k < i / 4; k++ )
-        trap_R_AddPolyToScene( trail->shader, 4, &verts[ k * 4 ] );
+      if( cg_debugTrails.integer >= 1 )
+        CG_Printf( "TS %s created\n", bts->name );
+
+      break;
     }
   }
 
-  // do we need to make another pass?
-  if( trail->flags & TJFL_CROSSOVER )
+  return ts;
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_DestroyTrailSystem
+
+Destroy a trail system
+===============
+*/
+void CG_DestroyTrailSystem( trailSystem_t **ts )
+{
+  (*ts)->destroyTime = cg.time;
+
+  if( CG_Attached( &(*ts)->frontAttachment ) &&
+      !CG_Attached( &(*ts)->backAttachment ) )
   {
-    if( iteration < 2 )
-      CG_AddTrailToScene( trail, iteration + 1, numJuncs );
+    vec3_t v;
+
+    // attach the trail head to a static point
+    CG_AttachmentPoint( &(*ts)->frontAttachment, v );
+    CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &(*ts)->frontAttachment, v );
+    CG_AttachToPoint( &(*ts)->frontAttachment );
+
+    (*ts)->frontAttachment.centValid = qfalse; // a bit naughty
   }
 
+  ts = NULL;
 }
 
 /*
 ===============
-CG_AddTrails
+CG_IsTrailSystemValid
+
+Test a trail system for validity
 ===============
 */
-void CG_AddTrails( void )
+qboolean CG_IsTrailSystemValid( trailSystem_t **ts )
 {
-  float       lifeFrac;
-  trailJunc_t *j, *jNext;
+  if( *ts == NULL || ( *ts && !(*ts)->valid ) )
+  {
+    if( *ts && !(*ts)->valid )
+      *ts = NULL;
+
+    return qfalse;
+  }
 
-  if( !initTrails )
-    CG_ClearTrails( );
+  return qtrue;
+}
 
-  //AngleVectors( cg.snap->ps.viewangles, vforward, vright, vup );
-  VectorCopy( cg.refdef.viewaxis[ 0 ], vforward );
-  VectorCopy( cg.refdef.viewaxis[ 1 ], vright );
-  VectorCopy( cg.refdef.viewaxis[ 2 ], vup );
+/*
+===============
+CG_GarbageCollectTrailSystems
 
-  // update the settings for each junc
-  j = activeTrails;
+Destroy inactive trail systems
+===============
+*/
+static void CG_GarbageCollectTrailSystems( void )
+{
+  int           i, j, count;
+  trailSystem_t *ts;
+  trailBeam_t   *tb;
+  int           centNum;
 
-  while( j )
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS; i++ )
   {
-    lifeFrac = (float)( cg.time - j->spawnTime ) / (float)( j->endTime - j->spawnTime );
+    ts = &trailSystems[ i ];
+    count = 0;
+
+    //don't bother checking already invalid systems
+    if( !ts->valid )
+      continue;
 
-    if( lifeFrac >= 1.0 )
+    for( j = 0; j < MAX_TRAIL_BEAMS; j++ )
     {
-      j->inuse = qfalse;      // flag it as dead
-      j->width = j->widthEnd;
-      j->alpha = j->alphaEnd;
+      tb = &trailBeams[ j ];
+
+      if( tb->valid && tb->parent == ts )
+        count++;
+    }
+
+    if( !count )
+      ts->valid = qfalse;
 
-      if( j->alpha > 1.0 )
-        j->alpha = 1.0;
-      else if( j->alpha < 0.0 )
-        j->alpha = 0.0;
+    //check systems where the parent cent has left the PVS
+    //( local player entity is always valid )
+    if( ( centNum = CG_AttachmentCentNum( &ts->frontAttachment ) ) >= 0 &&
+        centNum != cg.snap->ps.clientNum )
+    {
+      trailSystem_t *tempTS = ts;
 
-      VectorCopy( j->colorEnd, j->color );
+      if( !cg_entities[ centNum ].valid )
+        CG_DestroyTrailSystem( &tempTS );
     }
-    else
+
+    if( ( centNum = CG_AttachmentCentNum( &ts->backAttachment ) ) >= 0 &&
+        centNum != cg.snap->ps.clientNum )
     {
-      j->width = j->widthStart + ( j->widthEnd - j->widthStart ) * lifeFrac;
-      j->alpha = j->alphaStart + ( j->alphaEnd - j->alphaStart ) * lifeFrac;
+      trailSystem_t *tempTS = ts;
 
-      if( j->alpha > 1.0 )
-        j->alpha = 1.0;
-      else if( j->alpha < 0.0 )
-        j->alpha = 0.0;
+      if( !cg_entities[ centNum ].valid )
+        CG_DestroyTrailSystem( &tempTS );
+    }
+
+    if( cg_debugTrails.integer >= 1 && !ts->valid )
+      CG_Printf( "TS %s garbage collected\n", ts->class->name );
+  }
+}
 
-      VectorSubtract( j->colorEnd, j->colorStart, j->color );
-      VectorMA( j->colorStart, lifeFrac, j->color, j->color );
+/*
+===============
+CG_AddTrails
+
+Add trails to the scene
+===============
+*/
+void CG_AddTrails( void )
+{
+  int           i;
+  trailBeam_t   *tb;
+  int           numTS = 0, numTB = 0;
+
+  //remove expired trail systems
+  CG_GarbageCollectTrailSystems( );
+
+  for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_BEAMS; i++ )
+  {
+    tb = &trailBeams[ i ];
+
+    if( tb->valid )
+    {
+      CG_UpdateBeam( tb );
+      CG_RenderBeam( tb );
     }
+  }
+
+  if( cg_debugTrails.integer >= 2 )
+  {
+    for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_SYSTEMS; i++ )
+      if( trailSystems[ i ].valid )
+        numTS++;
+
+    for( i = 0; i < MAX_TRAIL_BEAMS; i++ )
+      if( trailBeams[ i ].valid )
+        numTB++;
 
-    j = j->nextGlobal;
+    CG_Printf( "TS: %d  TB: %d\n", numTS, numTB );
   }
+}
+
+static trailSystem_t  *testTS;
+static qhandle_t      testTSHandle;
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_DestroyTestTS_f
+
+Destroy the test a trail system
+===============
+*/
+void CG_DestroyTestTS_f( void )
+{
+  if( CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &testTS ) )
+    CG_DestroyTrailSystem( &testTS );
+}
+
+/*
+===============
+CG_TestTS_f
 
-  // draw the trailHeads
-  j = headTrails;
+Test a trail system
+===============
+*/
+void CG_TestTS_f( void )
+{
+  char tsName[ MAX_QPATH ];
 
-  while( j )
+  if( trap_Argc( ) < 2 )
+    return;
+
+  Q_strncpyz( tsName, CG_Argv( 1 ), MAX_QPATH );
+  testTSHandle = CG_RegisterTrailSystem( tsName );
+
+  if( testTSHandle )
   {
-    jNext = j->nextHead;    // in case it gets removed
+    CG_DestroyTestTS_f( );
 
-    if( !j->inuse )
-      CG_FreeTrailJunc( j );
-    else
-      CG_AddTrailToScene( j, 0, 0 );
+    testTS = CG_SpawnNewTrailSystem( testTSHandle );
 
-    j = jNext;
+    if( CG_IsTrailSystemValid( &testTS ) )
+    {
+      CG_SetAttachmentCent( &testTS->frontAttachment, &cg_entities[ 0 ] );
+      CG_AttachToCent( &testTS->frontAttachment );
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_view.c b/src/cgame/cg_view.c
index 0e98036d..59016dc4 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_view.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_view.c
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ void CG_DrawActiveFrame( int serverTime, stereoFrame_t stereoView, qboolean demo
   // build the render lists
   if( !cg.hyperspace )
   {
-    CG_AddPacketEntities( );     // adter calcViewValues, so predicted player state is correct
+    CG_AddPacketEntities( );     // after calcViewValues, so predicted player state is correct
     CG_AddMarks( );
     CG_AddLocalEntities( );
   }
@@ -1322,9 +1322,7 @@ void CG_DrawActiveFrame( int serverTime, stereoFrame_t stereoView, qboolean demo
   if( !cg.hyperspace )
   {
     CG_AddParticles( );
-
-    //TA: wolf trails stuff
-    CG_AddTrails( );    // this must come last, so the trails dropped this frame get drawn
+    CG_AddTrails( );
   }
 
   // add buffered sounds
diff --git a/src/cgame/cg_weapons.c b/src/cgame/cg_weapons.c
index dcef9f82..935342ac 100644
--- a/src/cgame/cg_weapons.c
+++ b/src/cgame/cg_weapons.c
@@ -157,35 +157,6 @@ static void CG_ShotgunEjectBrass( centity_t *cent )
   le->leMarkType = LEMT_NONE;
 }
 
-/*
-==========================
-CG_TeslaTrail
-==========================
-*/
-void CG_TeslaTrail( vec3_t start, vec3_t end, int srcENum, int destENum )
-{
-  localEntity_t *le;
-  refEntity_t   *re;
-
-  //add a bunch of bolt segments
-  le = CG_AllocLocalEntity( );
-  re = &le->refEntity;
-
-  le->leType = LE_LIGHTNING_BOLT;
-  le->startTime = cg.time;
-  le->endTime = cg.time + cg_teslaTrailTime.value;
-  le->lifeRate = 1.0 / ( le->endTime - le->startTime );
-  re->customShader = cgs.media.lightningShader;
-
-  le->srcENum = srcENum;
-  le->destENum = destENum;
-  le->vOffset = 28;
-  le->maxRange = BG_FindRangeForBuildable( BA_H_TESLAGEN ) * M_ROOT3;
-
-  VectorCopy( start, re->origin );
-  VectorCopy( end, re->oldorigin );
-}
-
 
 /*
 =================
@@ -351,6 +322,19 @@ static qboolean CG_ParseWeaponModeSection( weaponInfoMode_t *wim, char **text_p
 
       continue;
     }
+    else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "missileTrailSystem" ) )
+    {
+      token = COM_Parse( text_p );
+      if( !token )
+        break;
+
+      wim->missileTrailSystem = CG_RegisterTrailSystem( token );
+
+      if( !wim->missileTrailSystem )
+        CG_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "ERROR: missile trail system not found %s\n", token );
+
+      continue;
+    }
     else if( !Q_stricmp( token, "muzzleParticleSystem" ) )
     {
       token = COM_Parse( text_p );
@@ -856,8 +840,7 @@ void CG_InitWeapons( void )
   for( i = WP_NONE + 1; i < WP_NUM_WEAPONS; i++ )
     CG_RegisterWeapon( i );
 
-  cgs.media.lightningShader         = trap_R_RegisterShader( "models/ammo/tesla/tesla_bolt");
-  cgs.media.lightningExplosionModel = trap_R_RegisterModel( "models/weaphits/crackle.md3" );
+  cgs.media.level2ZapTS = CG_RegisterTrailSystem( "models/weapons/lev2zap/lightning" );
 }
 
 
@@ -1102,9 +1085,9 @@ void CG_AddPlayerWeapon( refEntity_t *parent, playerState_t *ps, centity_t *cent
         cent->currentState.number != cg.predictedPlayerState.clientNum )
     {
       if( noGunModel )
-        CG_SetParticleSystemTag( cent->muzzlePS, *parent, parent->hModel, "tag_weapon" );
+        CG_SetAttachmentTag( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, *parent, parent->hModel, "tag_weapon" );
       else
-        CG_SetParticleSystemTag( cent->muzzlePS, gun, weapon->weaponModel, "tag_flash" );
+        CG_SetAttachmentTag( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, gun, weapon->weaponModel, "tag_flash" );
     }
 
     //if the PS is infinite disable it when not firing
@@ -1148,13 +1131,17 @@ void CG_AddPlayerWeapon( refEntity_t *parent, playerState_t *ps, centity_t *cent
     {
       cent->muzzlePS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( weapon->wim[ weaponMode ].muzzleParticleSystem );
 
-      if( noGunModel )
-        CG_SetParticleSystemTag( cent->muzzlePS, *parent, parent->hModel, "tag_weapon" );
-      else
-        CG_SetParticleSystemTag( cent->muzzlePS, gun, weapon->weaponModel, "tag_flash" );
+      if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->muzzlePS ) )
+      {
+        if( noGunModel )
+          CG_SetAttachmentTag( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, *parent, parent->hModel, "tag_weapon" );
+        else
+          CG_SetAttachmentTag( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, gun, weapon->weaponModel, "tag_flash" );
+
+        CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, cent );
+        CG_AttachToTag( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment );
+      }
 
-      CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cent->muzzlePS, cent );
-      CG_AttachParticleSystemToTag( cent->muzzlePS );
       cent->muzzlePsTrigger = qfalse;
     }
 
@@ -1228,15 +1215,19 @@ void CG_AddViewWeapon( playerState_t *ps )
     VectorMA( origin, -8, cg.refdef.viewaxis[ 2 ], origin );
 
     if( cent->muzzlePS )
-      CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( cent->muzzlePS, origin );
+      CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, origin );
 
     //check for particle systems
     if( wi->wim[ weaponMode ].muzzleParticleSystem && cent->muzzlePsTrigger )
     {
       cent->muzzlePS = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( wi->wim[ weaponMode ].muzzleParticleSystem );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( cent->muzzlePS, origin );
-      CG_SetParticleSystemCent( cent->muzzlePS, cent );
-      CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( cent->muzzlePS );
+
+      if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &cent->muzzlePS ) )
+      {
+        CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, origin );
+        CG_SetAttachmentCent( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment, cent );
+        CG_AttachToPoint( &cent->muzzlePS->attachment );
+      }
       cent->muzzlePsTrigger = qfalse;
     }
 
@@ -1765,9 +1756,13 @@ void CG_MissileHitWall( weapon_t weaponNum, weaponMode_t weaponMode, int clientN
   if( ps )
   {
     particleSystem_t *partSystem = CG_SpawnNewParticleSystem( ps );
-    CG_SetParticleSystemOrigin( partSystem, origin );
-    CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( partSystem, dir );
-    CG_AttachParticleSystemToOrigin( partSystem );
+
+    if( CG_IsParticleSystemValid( &partSystem ) )
+    {
+      CG_SetAttachmentPoint( &partSystem->attachment, origin );
+      CG_SetParticleSystemNormal( partSystem, dir );
+      CG_AttachToPoint( &partSystem->attachment );
+    }
   }
 
   //