Initial commit

60 files changed, 19700 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/COPYRIGHT b/src/tools/lcc/COPYRIGHT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..961a48f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/COPYRIGHT
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+The authors of this software are Christopher W. Fraser and
+David R. Hanson.
+
+Copyright (c) 1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998 by AT&T,
+Christopher W. Fraser, and David R. Hanson. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+purpose, subject to the provisions described below, without fee is
+hereby granted, provided that this entire notice is included in all
+copies of any software that is or includes a copy or modification of
+this software and in all copies of the supporting documentation for
+such software.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR AT&T MAKE ANY
+REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+
+lcc is not public-domain software, shareware, and it is not protected
+by a `copyleft' agreement, like the code from the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+lcc is available free for your personal research and instructional use
+under the `fair use' provisions of the copyright law. You may, however,
+redistribute lcc in whole or in part provided you acknowledge its
+source and include this CPYRIGHT file. You may, for example, include
+the distribution in a CDROM of free software, provided you charge only
+for the media, or mirror the distribution files at your site.
+
+You may not sell lcc or any product derived from it in which it is a
+significant part of the value of the product. Using the lcc front end
+to build a C syntax checker is an example of this kind of product.
+
+You may use parts of lcc in products as long as you charge for only
+those components that are entirely your own and you acknowledge the use
+of lcc clearly in all product documentation and distribution media. You
+must state clearly that your product uses or is based on parts of lcc
+and that lcc is available free of charge. You must also request that
+bug reports on your product be reported to you. Using the lcc front
+end to build a C compiler for the Motorola 88000 chip and charging for
+and distributing only the 88000 code generator is an example of this
+kind of product.
+
+Using parts of lcc in other products is more problematic. For example,
+using parts of lcc in a C++ compiler could save substantial time and
+effort and therefore contribute significantly to the profitability of
+the product. This kind of use, or any use where others stand to make a
+profit from what is primarily our work, requires a license agreement
+with Addison-Wesley.  Per-copy and unlimited use licenses are
+available; for more information, contact
+
+	J. Carter Shanklin
+	Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 
+	2725 Sand Hill Rd.
+	Menlo Park, CA 94025
+	650/854-0300 x2478 FAX: 650/614-2930 jcs@awl.com
+-----
+Chris Fraser / cwfraser@microsoft.com
+David Hanson / drh@microsoft.com
+$Revision: 145 $ $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/LOG b/src/tools/lcc/LOG
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd23f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/LOG
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+From lcc 4.0 to 4.1:
+
+Changes:
+
+See doc/4.html for changes in the code-generation interface.
+
+Warns about constants that are too large, eg, short x = 70000;
+
+Warns about expressions that have no effect.
+
+Unsigned shorts are now used for wide-character constants, and
+wchar_t is a typedef for unsigned short.
+
+More assertions in gen.c to confirm that the register allocator is
+configured correctly; ie, that the various masks, wildcards,
+clobbers, and targets are internally consistent. Full checking
+appears impractical, but there's still more than than there was
+before.
+
+On the SPARC, lcc now emits .type and .size directives
+unconditionally.
+
+On the x86, constants are now emitted into the text segment.
+
+If the environment variable "LCCDIR" is defined, it gives the directory
+that contains the preprocessor, the compiler proper, and the
+lcc-specific libraries.
+
+Under Windows, lcc searches the directories named in the environment
+variable "include" for header files.
+
+Errors fixed:
+
+Erroneously complained about unknown sizes for some const fields, eg,
+typedef struct foo ref; struct foo { const ref *q; int a; };
+f(ref *p, int i) { return p->q[i].a; }
+
+-A -A erroneously complained about static main's that didn't conform
+to the ANSI-mandated "int main(void)" or "int main(int, char **)".
+
+Silently generated incorrect code for a structure copy with a
+post-incremented target, eg,
+struct { int x; } data = {1}, copy[2], *q = copy;
+main() { *q++ = data; }
+
+Generated incorrect values in some expressions with constant pointers.
+
+Silently truncated string literals longer than 4095 characters.
+
+Failed to emit debugging information for uninitialized globals.
+
+Failed to diagnose missing sizes in some multi-dimensioned array
+declarators, eg, extern int x[][10]; int x[5][];
+
+Silently emitted incorrect sizes and initalizations for some
+incomplete multi-dimensioned arrays involving pointers and whose size
+is determined by the number of initializers.
+
+Set only the x.name field for some back-end symbols (eg, wildcards),
+and the uninitialized name field crashed some debugging output.
+
+uses() failed to check the register *set* as well as the register
+mask.  There's no known bug demo, but a wildcard set might be
+contrived that would need the test.
+
+Crashed with -b on some conditional expressions involving calls, eg,
+int p; void g(void) { p ? f() : 1; }
+
+On the MIPS, sometimes generated an incorrect frame size and thus a
+crash when floating-point registers were saved.
+
+On the SPARC, erroneously reused a register variable as a temporary
+when the variable is compiler-generated.
+
+On the SPARC with -b, emitted incorrect code for returning structs.
+
+On the x86, conversion from float to int rounded instead of truncated
+with the default floating-point mode.
+
+On the x86, eliminate rtargets for kids after the first (see p. 419).
+
+On the x86, substitute reg for freg, in order to use the common reg
+rules. Needed only for debugging output, since we're not using any
+float regs as regs at this time.
+
+On the x86, "double f(); main(){f();}" wasn't popping the FP register stack.
+
+On the x86, ECX was saved by the callee, when it should have been
+saved by the caller.
+
+$Id: LOG 145 2001-10-17 21:53:10Z timo $
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/README b/src/tools/lcc/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ba4d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/README
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+This hierarchy is the distribution for lcc version 4.1.
+
+lcc version 3.x is described in the book "A Retargetable C Compiler:
+Design and Implementation" (Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-8053-1670-1).
+There are significant differences between 3.x and 4.x, most notably in
+the intermediate code. doc/4.html summarizes the differences.
+
+VERSION 4.1 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH EARLIER VERSIONS OF LCC. DO NOT
+UNLOAD THIS DISTRIBUTION ON TOP OF A 3.X DISTRIBUTION.
+
+LOG describes the changes since the last release.
+
+CPYRIGHT describes the conditions under you can use, copy, modify, and
+distribute lcc or works derived from lcc.
+
+doc/install.html is an HTML file that gives a complete description of
+the distribution and installation instructions.
+
+Chris Fraser / cwfraser@microsoft.com
+David Hanson / drh@microsoft.com
+$Revision: 145 $ $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/README.id b/src/tools/lcc/README.id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6611a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/README.id
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+2001-10-31  Timothee Besset <ttimo@idsoftware.com>
+updated from the $/source/lcc code
+modified for portability and use with >= 1.31 mod source release
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/cpp.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/cpp.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fcffbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/cpp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+char rcsid[] = "cpp.c - faked rcsid";
+
+#define	OUTS	16384
+char	outbuf[OUTS];
+char	*outp = outbuf;
+Source	*cursource;
+int	nerrs;
+struct	token nltoken = { NL, 0, 0, 0, 1, (uchar*)"\n" };
+char	*curtime;
+int	incdepth;
+int	ifdepth;
+int	ifsatisfied[NIF];
+int	skipping;
+
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	Tokenrow tr;
+	time_t t;
+	char ebuf[BUFSIZ];
+
+	setbuf(stderr, ebuf);
+	t = time(NULL);
+	curtime = ctime(&t);
+	maketokenrow(3, &tr);
+	expandlex();
+	setup(argc, argv);
+	fixlex();
+	iniths();
+	genline();
+	process(&tr);
+	flushout();
+	fflush(stderr);
+	exit(nerrs > 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+process(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	int anymacros = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (trp->tp >= trp->lp) {
+			trp->tp = trp->lp = trp->bp;
+			outp = outbuf;
+			anymacros |= gettokens(trp, 1);
+			trp->tp = trp->bp;
+		}
+		if (trp->tp->type == END) {
+			if (--incdepth>=0) {
+				if (cursource->ifdepth)
+					error(ERROR,
+					 "Unterminated conditional in #include");
+				unsetsource();
+				cursource->line += cursource->lineinc;
+				trp->tp = trp->lp;
+				genline();
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (ifdepth)
+				error(ERROR, "Unterminated #if/#ifdef/#ifndef");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (trp->tp->type==SHARP) {
+			trp->tp += 1;
+			control(trp);
+		} else if (!skipping && anymacros)
+			expandrow(trp, NULL);
+		if (skipping)
+			setempty(trp);
+		puttokens(trp);
+		anymacros = 0;
+		cursource->line += cursource->lineinc;
+		if (cursource->lineinc>1) {
+			genline();
+		}
+	}
+}
+	
+void
+control(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	Nlist *np;
+	Token *tp;
+
+	tp = trp->tp;
+	if (tp->type!=NAME) {
+		if (tp->type==NUMBER)
+			goto kline;
+		if (tp->type != NL)
+			error(ERROR, "Unidentifiable control line");
+		return;			/* else empty line */
+	}
+	if ((np = lookup(tp, 0))==NULL || ((np->flag&ISKW)==0 && !skipping)) {
+		error(WARNING, "Unknown preprocessor control %t", tp);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (skipping) {
+		switch (np->val) {
+		case KENDIF:
+			if (--ifdepth<skipping)
+				skipping = 0;
+			--cursource->ifdepth;
+			setempty(trp);
+			return;
+
+		case KIFDEF:
+		case KIFNDEF:
+		case KIF:
+			if (++ifdepth >= NIF)
+				error(FATAL, "#if too deeply nested");
+			++cursource->ifdepth;
+			return;
+
+		case KELIF:
+		case KELSE:
+			if (ifdepth<=skipping)
+				break;
+			return;
+
+		default:
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	switch (np->val) {
+	case KDEFINE:
+		dodefine(trp);
+		break;
+
+	case KUNDEF:
+		tp += 1;
+		if (tp->type!=NAME || trp->lp - trp->bp != 4) {
+			error(ERROR, "Syntax error in #undef");
+			break;
+		}
+		if ((np = lookup(tp, 0)) != NULL)
+			np->flag &= ~ISDEFINED;
+		break;
+
+	case KPRAGMA:
+		return;
+
+	case KIFDEF:
+	case KIFNDEF:
+	case KIF:
+		if (++ifdepth >= NIF)
+			error(FATAL, "#if too deeply nested");
+		++cursource->ifdepth;
+		ifsatisfied[ifdepth] = 0;
+		if (eval(trp, np->val))
+			ifsatisfied[ifdepth] = 1;
+		else
+			skipping = ifdepth;
+		break;
+
+	case KELIF:
+		if (ifdepth==0) {
+			error(ERROR, "#elif with no #if");
+			return;
+		}
+		if (ifsatisfied[ifdepth]==2)
+			error(ERROR, "#elif after #else");
+		if (eval(trp, np->val)) {
+			if (ifsatisfied[ifdepth])
+				skipping = ifdepth;
+			else {
+				skipping = 0;
+				ifsatisfied[ifdepth] = 1;
+			}
+		} else
+			skipping = ifdepth;
+		break;
+
+	case KELSE:
+		if (ifdepth==0 || cursource->ifdepth==0) {
+			error(ERROR, "#else with no #if");
+			return;
+		}
+		if (ifsatisfied[ifdepth]==2)
+			error(ERROR, "#else after #else");
+		if (trp->lp - trp->bp != 3)
+			error(ERROR, "Syntax error in #else");
+		skipping = ifsatisfied[ifdepth]? ifdepth: 0;
+		ifsatisfied[ifdepth] = 2;
+		break;
+
+	case KENDIF:
+		if (ifdepth==0 || cursource->ifdepth==0) {
+			error(ERROR, "#endif with no #if");
+			return;
+		}
+		--ifdepth;
+		--cursource->ifdepth;
+		if (trp->lp - trp->bp != 3)
+			error(WARNING, "Syntax error in #endif");
+		break;
+
+	case KWARNING:
+		trp->tp = tp+1;
+		error(WARNING, "#warning directive: %r", trp);
+		break;
+
+	case KERROR:
+		trp->tp = tp+1;
+		error(ERROR, "#error directive: %r", trp);
+		break;
+
+	case KLINE:
+		trp->tp = tp+1;
+		expandrow(trp, "<line>");
+		tp = trp->bp+2;
+	kline:
+		if (tp+1>=trp->lp || tp->type!=NUMBER || tp+3<trp->lp
+		 || ((tp+3==trp->lp && ((tp+1)->type!=STRING))||*(tp+1)->t=='L')){
+			error(ERROR, "Syntax error in #line");
+			return;
+		}
+		cursource->line = atol((char*)tp->t)-1;
+		if (cursource->line<0 || cursource->line>=32768)
+			error(WARNING, "#line specifies number out of range");
+		tp = tp+1;
+		if (tp+1<trp->lp)
+			cursource->filename=(char*)newstring(tp->t+1,tp->len-2,0);
+		return;
+
+	case KDEFINED:
+		error(ERROR, "Bad syntax for control line");
+		break;
+
+	case KINCLUDE:
+		doinclude(trp);
+		trp->lp = trp->bp;
+		return;
+
+	case KEVAL:
+		eval(trp, np->val);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		error(ERROR, "Preprocessor control `%t' not yet implemented", tp);
+		break;
+	}
+	setempty(trp);
+	return;
+}
+
+void *
+domalloc(int size)
+{
+	void *p = malloc(size);
+
+	if (p==NULL)
+		error(FATAL, "Out of memory from malloc");
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+dofree(void *p)
+{
+	free(p);
+}
+
+void
+error(enum errtype type, char *string, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	char *cp, *ep;
+	Token *tp;
+	Tokenrow *trp;
+	Source *s;
+	int i;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "cpp: ");
+	for (s=cursource; s; s=s->next)
+		if (*s->filename)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d ", s->filename, s->line);
+	va_start(ap, string);
+	for (ep=string; *ep; ep++) {
+		if (*ep=='%') {
+			switch (*++ep) {
+
+			case 's':
+				cp = va_arg(ap, char *);
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s", cp);
+				break;
+			case 'd':
+				i = va_arg(ap, int);
+				fprintf(stderr, "%d", i);
+				break;
+			case 't':
+				tp = va_arg(ap, Token *);
+				fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", tp->len, tp->t);
+				break;
+
+			case 'r':
+				trp = va_arg(ap, Tokenrow *);
+				for (tp=trp->tp; tp<trp->lp&&tp->type!=NL; tp++) {
+					if (tp>trp->tp && tp->wslen)
+						fputc(' ', stderr);
+					fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", tp->len, tp->t);
+				}
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				fputc(*ep, stderr);
+				break;
+			}
+		} else
+			fputc(*ep, stderr);
+	}
+	va_end(ap);
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+	if (type==FATAL)
+		exit(1);
+	if (type!=WARNING)
+		nerrs = 1;
+	fflush(stderr);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/cpp.h b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/cpp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87871d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/cpp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#define	INS	32768		/* input buffer */
+#define	OBS	4096		/* outbut buffer */
+#define	NARG	32		/* Max number arguments to a macro */
+#define	NINCLUDE 32		/* Max number of include directories (-I) */
+#define	NIF	32		/* depth of nesting of #if */
+#ifndef EOF
+#define	EOF	(-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef NULL
+#define NULL	0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __alpha
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+#endif
+
+enum toktype { END, UNCLASS, NAME, NUMBER, STRING, CCON, NL, WS, DSHARP,
+		EQ, NEQ, LEQ, GEQ, LSH, RSH, LAND, LOR, PPLUS, MMINUS,
+		ARROW, SBRA, SKET, LP, RP, DOT, AND, STAR, PLUS, MINUS,
+		TILDE, NOT, SLASH, PCT, LT, GT, CIRC, OR, QUEST,
+		COLON, ASGN, COMMA, SHARP, SEMIC, CBRA, CKET,
+		ASPLUS, ASMINUS, ASSTAR, ASSLASH, ASPCT, ASCIRC, ASLSH,
+		ASRSH, ASOR, ASAND, ELLIPS,
+		DSHARP1, NAME1, DEFINED, UMINUS };
+
+enum kwtype { KIF, KIFDEF, KIFNDEF, KELIF, KELSE, KENDIF, KINCLUDE, KDEFINE,
+		KUNDEF, KLINE, KWARNING, KERROR, KPRAGMA, KDEFINED,
+		KLINENO, KFILE, KDATE, KTIME, KSTDC, KEVAL };
+
+#define	ISDEFINED	01	/* has #defined value */
+#define	ISKW		02	/* is PP keyword */
+#define	ISUNCHANGE	04	/* can't be #defined in PP */
+#define	ISMAC		010	/* builtin macro, e.g. __LINE__ */
+
+#define	EOB	0xFE		/* sentinel for end of input buffer */
+#define	EOFC	0xFD		/* sentinel for end of input file */
+#define	XPWS	1		/* token flag: white space to assure token sep. */
+
+typedef struct token {
+	unsigned char	type;
+	unsigned char 	flag;
+	unsigned short	hideset;
+	unsigned int	wslen;
+	unsigned int	len;
+	uchar	*t;
+} Token;
+
+typedef struct tokenrow {
+	Token	*tp;		/* current one to scan */
+	Token	*bp;		/* base (allocated value) */
+	Token	*lp;		/* last+1 token used */
+	int	max;		/* number allocated */
+} Tokenrow;
+
+typedef struct source {
+	char	*filename;	/* name of file of the source */
+	int	line;		/* current line number */
+	int	lineinc;	/* adjustment for \\n lines */
+	uchar	*inb;		/* input buffer */
+	uchar	*inp;		/* input pointer */
+	uchar	*inl;		/* end of input */
+	int	fd;		/* input source */
+	int	ifdepth;	/* conditional nesting in include */
+	struct	source *next;	/* stack for #include */
+} Source;
+
+typedef struct nlist {
+	struct nlist *next;
+	uchar	*name;
+	int	len;
+	Tokenrow *vp;		/* value as macro */
+	Tokenrow *ap;		/* list of argument names, if any */
+	char	val;		/* value as preprocessor name */
+	char	flag;		/* is defined, is pp name */
+} Nlist;
+
+typedef	struct	includelist {
+	char	deleted;
+	char	always;
+	char	*file;
+} Includelist;
+
+#define	new(t)	(t *)domalloc(sizeof(t))
+#define	quicklook(a,b)	(namebit[(a)&077] & (1<<((b)&037)))
+#define	quickset(a,b)	namebit[(a)&077] |= (1<<((b)&037))
+extern	unsigned long namebit[077+1];
+
+enum errtype { WARNING, ERROR, FATAL };
+
+void	expandlex(void);
+void	fixlex(void);
+void	setup(int, char **);
+int	gettokens(Tokenrow *, int);
+int	comparetokens(Tokenrow *, Tokenrow *);
+Source	*setsource(char *, int, char *);
+void	unsetsource(void);
+void	puttokens(Tokenrow *);
+void	process(Tokenrow *);
+void	*domalloc(int);
+void	dofree(void *);
+void	error(enum errtype, char *, ...);
+void	flushout(void);
+int	fillbuf(Source *);
+int	trigraph(Source *);
+int	foldline(Source *);
+Nlist	*lookup(Token *, int);
+void	control(Tokenrow *);
+void	dodefine(Tokenrow *);
+void	doadefine(Tokenrow *, int);
+void	doinclude(Tokenrow *);
+void	appendDirToIncludeList( char *dir );
+void	doif(Tokenrow *, enum kwtype);
+void	expand(Tokenrow *, Nlist *);
+void	builtin(Tokenrow *, int);
+int	gatherargs(Tokenrow *, Tokenrow **, int *);
+void	substargs(Nlist *, Tokenrow *, Tokenrow **);
+void	expandrow(Tokenrow *, char *);
+void	maketokenrow(int, Tokenrow *);
+Tokenrow *copytokenrow(Tokenrow *, Tokenrow *);
+Token	*growtokenrow(Tokenrow *);
+Tokenrow *normtokenrow(Tokenrow *);
+void	adjustrow(Tokenrow *, int);
+void	movetokenrow(Tokenrow *, Tokenrow *);
+void	insertrow(Tokenrow *, int, Tokenrow *);
+void	peektokens(Tokenrow *, char *);
+void	doconcat(Tokenrow *);
+Tokenrow *stringify(Tokenrow *);
+int	lookuparg(Nlist *, Token *);
+long	eval(Tokenrow *, int);
+void	genline(void);
+void	setempty(Tokenrow *);
+void	makespace(Tokenrow *);
+char	*outnum(char *, int);
+int	digit(int);
+uchar	*newstring(uchar *, int, int);
+int	checkhideset(int, Nlist *);
+void	prhideset(int);
+int	newhideset(int, Nlist *);
+int	unionhideset(int, int);
+void	iniths(void);
+void	setobjname(char *);
+#define	rowlen(tokrow)	((tokrow)->lp - (tokrow)->bp)
+
+char *basepath( char *fname );
+
+extern	char *outp;
+extern	Token	nltoken;
+extern	Source *cursource;
+extern	char *curtime;
+extern	int incdepth;
+extern	int ifdepth;
+extern	int ifsatisfied[NIF];
+extern	int Mflag;
+extern	int skipping;
+extern	int verbose;
+extern	int Cplusplus;
+extern	Nlist *kwdefined;
+extern	Includelist includelist[NINCLUDE];
+extern	char wd[];
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <unistd.h>
+#else
+#include <io.h>
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/eval.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/eval.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95a9e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/eval.c
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+#define	NSTAK	32
+#define	SGN	0
+#define	UNS	1
+#define	UND	2
+
+#define	UNSMARK	0x1000
+
+struct value {
+	long	val;
+	int	type;
+};
+
+/* conversion types */
+#define	RELAT	1
+#define	ARITH	2
+#define	LOGIC	3
+#define	SPCL	4
+#define	SHIFT	5
+#define	UNARY	6
+
+/* operator priority, arity, and conversion type, indexed by tokentype */
+struct pri {
+	char	pri;
+	char	arity;
+	char	ctype;
+} priority[] = {
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* END */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* UNCLASS */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* NAME */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* NUMBER */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* STRING */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* CCON */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* NL */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* WS */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* DSHARP */
+	{ 11, 2, RELAT },	/* EQ */
+	{ 11, 2, RELAT },	/* NEQ */
+	{ 12, 2, RELAT },	/* LEQ */
+	{ 12, 2, RELAT },	/* GEQ */
+	{ 13, 2, SHIFT },	/* LSH */
+	{ 13, 2, SHIFT },	/* RSH */
+	{ 7, 2, LOGIC },	/* LAND */
+	{ 6, 2, LOGIC },	/* LOR */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* PPLUS */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* MMINUS */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ARROW */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* SBRA */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* SKET */
+	{ 3, 0, 0 },		/* LP */
+	{ 3, 0, 0 },		/* RP */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* DOT */
+	{ 10, 2, ARITH },	/* AND */
+	{ 15, 2, ARITH },	/* STAR */
+	{ 14, 2, ARITH },	/* PLUS */
+	{ 14, 2, ARITH },	/* MINUS */
+	{ 16, 1, UNARY },	/* TILDE */
+	{ 16, 1, UNARY },	/* NOT */
+	{ 15, 2, ARITH },	/* SLASH */
+	{ 15, 2, ARITH },	/* PCT */
+	{ 12, 2, RELAT },	/* LT */
+	{ 12, 2, RELAT },	/* GT */
+	{ 9, 2, ARITH },	/* CIRC */
+	{ 8, 2, ARITH },	/* OR */
+	{ 5, 2, SPCL },		/* QUEST */
+	{ 5, 2, SPCL },		/* COLON */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASGN */
+	{ 4, 2, 0 },		/* COMMA */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* SHARP */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* SEMIC */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* CBRA */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* CKET */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASPLUS */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASMINUS */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASSTAR */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASSLASH */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASPCT */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASCIRC */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASLSH */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASRSH */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASOR */
+ 	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ASAND */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* ELLIPS */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* DSHARP1 */
+	{ 0, 0, 0 },		/* NAME1 */
+	{ 16, 1, UNARY },	/* DEFINED */
+	{ 16, 0, UNARY },	/* UMINUS */
+};
+
+int	evalop(struct pri);
+struct	value tokval(Token *);
+struct value vals[NSTAK], *vp;
+enum toktype ops[NSTAK], *op;
+
+/*
+ * Evaluate an #if #elif #ifdef #ifndef line.  trp->tp points to the keyword.
+ */
+long
+eval(Tokenrow *trp, int kw)
+{
+	Token *tp;
+	Nlist *np;
+	int ntok, rand;
+
+	trp->tp++;
+	if (kw==KIFDEF || kw==KIFNDEF) {
+		if (trp->lp - trp->bp != 4 || trp->tp->type!=NAME) {
+			error(ERROR, "Syntax error in #ifdef/#ifndef");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		np = lookup(trp->tp, 0);
+		return (kw==KIFDEF) == (np && np->flag&(ISDEFINED|ISMAC));
+	}
+	ntok = trp->tp - trp->bp;
+	kwdefined->val = KDEFINED;	/* activate special meaning of defined */
+	expandrow(trp, "<if>");
+	kwdefined->val = NAME;
+	vp = vals;
+	op = ops;
+	*op++ = END;
+	for (rand=0, tp = trp->bp+ntok; tp < trp->lp; tp++) {
+		switch(tp->type) {
+		case WS:
+		case NL:
+			continue;
+
+		/* nilary */
+		case NAME:
+		case NAME1:
+		case NUMBER:
+		case CCON:
+		case STRING:
+			if (rand)
+				goto syntax;
+			*vp++ = tokval(tp);
+			rand = 1;
+			continue;
+
+		/* unary */
+		case DEFINED:
+		case TILDE:
+		case NOT:
+			if (rand)
+				goto syntax;
+			*op++ = tp->type;
+			continue;
+
+		/* unary-binary */
+		case PLUS: case MINUS: case STAR: case AND:
+			if (rand==0) {
+				if (tp->type==MINUS)
+					*op++ = UMINUS;
+				if (tp->type==STAR || tp->type==AND) {
+					error(ERROR, "Illegal operator * or & in #if/#elsif");
+					return 0;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* flow through */
+
+		/* plain binary */
+		case EQ: case NEQ: case LEQ: case GEQ: case LSH: case RSH:
+		case LAND: case LOR: case SLASH: case PCT:
+		case LT: case GT: case CIRC: case OR: case QUEST:
+		case COLON: case COMMA:
+			if (rand==0)
+				goto syntax;
+			if (evalop(priority[tp->type])!=0)
+				return 0;
+			*op++ = tp->type;
+			rand = 0;
+			continue;
+
+		case LP:
+			if (rand)
+				goto syntax;
+			*op++ = LP;
+			continue;
+
+		case RP:
+			if (!rand)
+				goto syntax;
+			if (evalop(priority[RP])!=0)
+				return 0;
+			if (op<=ops || op[-1]!=LP) {
+				goto syntax;
+			}
+			op--;
+			continue;
+
+		default:
+			error(ERROR,"Bad operator (%t) in #if/#elsif", tp);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (rand==0)
+		goto syntax;
+	if (evalop(priority[END])!=0)
+		return 0;
+	if (op!=&ops[1] || vp!=&vals[1]) {
+		error(ERROR, "Botch in #if/#elsif");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (vals[0].type==UND)
+		error(ERROR, "Undefined expression value");
+	return vals[0].val;
+syntax:
+	error(ERROR, "Syntax error in #if/#elsif");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+evalop(struct pri pri)
+{
+	struct value v1, v2;
+	long rv1, rv2;
+	int rtype, oper;
+
+	/* prevent compiler whining. */
+	v1.val = v2.val = 0;
+	v1.type = v2.type = 0;
+
+	rv2=0;
+	rtype=0;
+	while (pri.pri < priority[op[-1]].pri) {
+		oper = *--op;
+		if (priority[oper].arity==2) {
+			v2 = *--vp;
+			rv2 = v2.val;
+		}
+		v1 = *--vp;
+		rv1 = v1.val;
+/*lint -e574 -e644 */
+		switch (priority[oper].ctype) {
+		case 0:
+		default:
+			error(WARNING, "Syntax error in #if/#endif");
+			return 1;
+		case ARITH:
+		case RELAT:
+			if (v1.type==UNS || v2.type==UNS)
+				rtype = UNS;
+			else
+				rtype = SGN;
+			if (v1.type==UND || v2.type==UND)
+				rtype = UND;
+			if (priority[oper].ctype==RELAT && rtype==UNS) {
+				oper |= UNSMARK;
+				rtype = SGN;
+			}
+			break;
+		case SHIFT:
+			if (v1.type==UND || v2.type==UND)
+				rtype = UND;
+			else
+				rtype = v1.type;
+			if (rtype==UNS)
+				oper |= UNSMARK;
+			break;
+		case UNARY:
+			rtype = v1.type;
+			break;
+		case LOGIC:
+		case SPCL:
+			break;
+		}
+		switch (oper) {
+		case EQ: case EQ|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = rv1==rv2; break;
+		case NEQ: case NEQ|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = rv1!=rv2; break;
+		case LEQ:
+			rv1 = rv1<=rv2; break;
+		case GEQ:
+			rv1 = rv1>=rv2; break;
+		case LT:
+			rv1 = rv1<rv2; break;
+		case GT:
+			rv1 = rv1>rv2; break;
+		case LEQ|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = (unsigned long)rv1<=rv2; break;
+		case GEQ|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = (unsigned long)rv1>=rv2; break;
+		case LT|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = (unsigned long)rv1<rv2; break;
+		case GT|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = (unsigned long)rv1>rv2; break;
+		case LSH:
+			rv1 <<= rv2; break;
+		case LSH|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = (unsigned long)rv1<<rv2; break;
+		case RSH:
+			rv1 >>= rv2; break;
+		case RSH|UNSMARK:
+			rv1 = (unsigned long)rv1>>rv2; break;
+		case LAND:
+			rtype = UND;
+			if (v1.type==UND)
+				break;
+			if (rv1!=0) {
+				if (v2.type==UND)
+					break;
+				rv1 = rv2!=0;
+			} else
+				rv1 = 0;
+			rtype = SGN;
+			break;
+		case LOR:
+			rtype = UND;
+			if (v1.type==UND)
+				break;
+			if (rv1==0) {
+				if (v2.type==UND)
+					break;
+				rv1 = rv2!=0;
+			} else
+				rv1 = 1;
+			rtype = SGN;
+			break;
+		case AND:
+			rv1 &= rv2; break;
+		case STAR:
+			rv1 *= rv2; break;
+		case PLUS:
+			rv1 += rv2; break;
+		case MINUS:
+			rv1 -= rv2; break;
+		case UMINUS:
+			if (v1.type==UND)
+				rtype = UND;
+			rv1 = -rv1; break;
+		case OR:
+			rv1 |= rv2; break;
+		case CIRC:
+			rv1 ^= rv2; break;
+		case TILDE:
+			rv1 = ~rv1; break;
+		case NOT:
+			rv1 = !rv1; if (rtype!=UND) rtype = SGN; break;
+		case SLASH:
+			if (rv2==0) {
+				rtype = UND;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (rtype==UNS)
+				rv1 /= (unsigned long)rv2;
+			else
+				rv1 /= rv2;
+			break;
+		case PCT:
+			if (rv2==0) {
+				rtype = UND;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (rtype==UNS)
+				rv1 %= (unsigned long)rv2;
+			else
+				rv1 %= rv2;
+			break;
+		case COLON:
+			if (op[-1] != QUEST)
+				error(ERROR, "Bad ?: in #if/endif");
+			else {
+				op--;
+				if ((--vp)->val==0)
+					v1 = v2;
+				rtype = v1.type;
+				rv1 = v1.val;
+			}
+			break;
+		case DEFINED:
+			break;
+		default:
+			error(ERROR, "Eval botch (unknown operator)");
+			return 1;
+		}
+/*lint +e574 +e644 */
+		v1.val = rv1;
+		v1.type = rtype;
+		*vp++ = v1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct value
+tokval(Token *tp)
+{
+	struct value v;
+	Nlist *np;
+	int i, base, c;
+	unsigned long n;
+	uchar *p;
+
+	v.type = SGN;
+	v.val = 0;
+	switch (tp->type) {
+
+	case NAME:
+		v.val = 0;
+		break;
+
+	case NAME1:
+		if ((np = lookup(tp, 0)) != NULL && np->flag&(ISDEFINED|ISMAC))
+			v.val = 1;
+		break;
+
+	case NUMBER:
+		n = 0;
+		base = 10;
+		p = tp->t;
+		c = p[tp->len];
+		p[tp->len] = '\0';
+		if (*p=='0') {
+			base = 8;
+			if (p[1]=='x' || p[1]=='X') {
+				base = 16;
+				p++;
+			}
+			p++;
+		}
+		for (;; p++) {
+			if ((i = digit(*p)) < 0)
+				break;
+			if (i>=base)
+				error(WARNING,
+				  "Bad digit in number %t", tp);
+			n *= base;
+			n += i;
+		}
+		if (n>=0x80000000 && base!=10)
+			v.type = UNS;
+		for (; *p; p++) {
+			if (*p=='u' || *p=='U')
+				v.type = UNS;
+			else if (*p=='l' || *p=='L')
+				;
+			else {
+				error(ERROR,
+				  "Bad number %t in #if/#elsif", tp);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		v.val = n;
+		tp->t[tp->len] = c;
+		break;
+
+	case CCON:
+		n = 0;
+		p = tp->t;
+		if (*p=='L') {
+			p += 1;
+			error(WARNING, "Wide char constant value undefined");
+		}
+		p += 1;
+		if (*p=='\\') {
+			p += 1;
+			if ((i = digit(*p))>=0 && i<=7) {
+				n = i;
+				p += 1;
+				if ((i = digit(*p))>=0 && i<=7) {
+					p += 1;
+					n <<= 3;
+					n += i;
+					if ((i = digit(*p))>=0 && i<=7) {
+						p += 1;
+						n <<= 3;
+						n += i;
+					}
+				}
+			} else if (*p=='x') {
+				p += 1;
+				while ((i = digit(*p))>=0 && i<=15) {
+					p += 1;
+					n <<= 4;
+					n += i;
+				}
+			} else {
+				static char cvcon[]
+				  = "b\bf\fn\nr\rt\tv\v''\"\"??\\\\";
+				for (i=0; i<sizeof(cvcon); i+=2) {
+					if (*p == cvcon[i]) {
+						n = cvcon[i+1];
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				p += 1;
+				if (i>=sizeof(cvcon))
+					error(WARNING,
+					 "Undefined escape in character constant");
+			}
+		} else if (*p=='\'')
+			error(ERROR, "Empty character constant");
+		else
+			n = *p++;
+		if (*p!='\'')
+			error(WARNING, "Multibyte character constant undefined");
+		else if (n>127)
+			error(WARNING, "Character constant taken as not signed");
+		v.val = n;
+		break;
+
+	case STRING:
+		error(ERROR, "String in #if/#elsif");
+		break;
+	}
+	return v;
+}
+
+int
+digit(int i)
+{
+	if ('0'<=i && i<='9')
+		i -= '0';
+	else if ('a'<=i && i<='f')
+		i -= 'a'-10;
+	else if ('A'<=i && i<='F')
+		i -= 'A'-10;
+	else
+		i = -1;
+	return i;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/getopt.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/getopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4d1af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/getopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include	<stdio.h>
+#include	<string.h>
+#define EPR                 fprintf(stderr,
+#define ERR(str, chr)       if(opterr){EPR "%s%c\n", str, chr);}
+int     opterr = 1;
+int     optind = 1;
+int	optopt;
+char    *optarg;
+
+int
+lcc_getopt (int argc, char *const argv[], const char *opts)
+{
+	static int sp = 1;
+	int c;
+	char *cp;
+
+	if (sp == 1) {
+		if (optind >= argc ||
+		   argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
+			return -1;
+		else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "--") == 0) {
+			optind++;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	optopt = c = argv[optind][sp];
+	if (c == ':' || (cp=strchr(opts, c)) == 0) {
+		ERR (": illegal option -- ", c);
+		if (argv[optind][++sp] == '\0') {
+			optind++;
+			sp = 1;
+		}
+		return '?';
+	}
+	if (*++cp == ':') {
+		if (argv[optind][sp+1] != '\0')
+			optarg = &argv[optind++][sp+1];
+		else if (++optind >= argc) {
+			ERR (": option requires an argument -- ", c);
+			sp = 1;
+			return '?';
+		} else
+			optarg = argv[optind++];
+		sp = 1;
+	} else {
+		if (argv[optind][++sp] == '\0') {
+			sp = 1;
+			optind++;
+		}
+		optarg = 0;
+	}
+	return c;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/hideset.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/hideset.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd2540d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/hideset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+/*
+ * A hideset is a null-terminated array of Nlist pointers.
+ * They are referred to by indices in the hidesets array.
+ * Hideset 0 is empty.
+ */
+
+#define	HSSIZ	32
+typedef	Nlist	**Hideset;
+Hideset	*hidesets;
+int	nhidesets = 0;
+int	maxhidesets = 3;
+int	inserths(Hideset, Hideset, Nlist *);
+
+/*
+ * Test for membership in a hideset
+ */
+int
+checkhideset(int hs, Nlist *np)
+{
+	Hideset hsp;
+
+	if (hs>=nhidesets)
+		abort();
+	for (hsp = hidesets[hs]; *hsp; hsp++) {
+		if (*hsp == np)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the (possibly new) hideset obtained by adding np to hs.
+ */
+int
+newhideset(int hs, Nlist *np)
+{
+	int i, len;
+	Nlist *nhs[HSSIZ+3];
+	Hideset hs1, hs2;
+
+	len = inserths(nhs, hidesets[hs], np);
+	for (i=0; i<nhidesets; i++) {
+		for (hs1=nhs, hs2=hidesets[i]; *hs1==*hs2; hs1++, hs2++)
+			if (*hs1 == NULL)
+				return i;
+	}
+	if (len>=HSSIZ)
+		return hs;
+	if (nhidesets >= maxhidesets) {
+		maxhidesets = 3*maxhidesets/2+1;
+		hidesets = (Hideset *)realloc(hidesets, (sizeof (Hideset *))*maxhidesets);
+		if (hidesets == NULL)
+			error(FATAL, "Out of memory from realloc");
+	}
+	hs1 = (Hideset)domalloc(len*sizeof(Hideset));
+	memmove(hs1, nhs, len*sizeof(Hideset));
+	hidesets[nhidesets] = hs1;
+	return nhidesets++;
+}
+
+int
+inserths(Hideset dhs, Hideset shs, Nlist *np)
+{
+	Hideset odhs = dhs;
+
+	while (*shs && *shs < np)
+		*dhs++ = *shs++;
+	if (*shs != np)
+		*dhs++ = np;
+	do {
+		*dhs++ = *shs;
+	} while (*shs++);
+	return dhs - odhs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hideset union
+ */
+int
+unionhideset(int hs1, int hs2)
+{
+	Hideset hp;
+
+	for (hp = hidesets[hs2]; *hp; hp++)
+		hs1 = newhideset(hs1, *hp);
+	return hs1;
+}
+
+void
+iniths(void)
+{
+	hidesets = (Hideset *)domalloc(maxhidesets*sizeof(Hideset *));
+	hidesets[0] = (Hideset)domalloc(sizeof(Hideset));
+	*hidesets[0] = NULL;
+	nhidesets++;
+}
+
+void
+prhideset(int hs)
+{
+	Hideset np;
+
+	for (np = hidesets[hs]; *np; np++) {
+		fprintf(stderr, (char*)(*np)->name, (*np)->len);
+		fprintf(stderr, " ");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/include.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/include.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..331a0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/include.c
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+Includelist	includelist[NINCLUDE];
+
+extern char	*objname;
+
+void appendDirToIncludeList( char *dir )
+{
+	int i;
+	char *fqdir;
+
+	fqdir = (char *)newstring( (uchar *)includelist[NINCLUDE-1].file, 256, 0 );
+	strcat( fqdir, "/" );
+	strcat( fqdir, dir );
+
+	//avoid adding it more than once
+	for (i=NINCLUDE-2; i>=0; i--) {
+		if (includelist[i].file &&
+				!strcmp (includelist[i].file, fqdir)) {
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i=NINCLUDE-2; i>=0; i--) {
+		if (includelist[i].file==NULL) {
+			includelist[i].always = 1;
+			includelist[i].file = fqdir;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (i<0)
+		error(FATAL, "Too many -I directives");
+}
+
+void
+doinclude(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	char fname[256], iname[256];
+	Includelist *ip;
+	int angled, len, wlen, fd, i;
+
+	trp->tp += 1;
+	if (trp->tp>=trp->lp)
+		goto syntax;
+	if (trp->tp->type!=STRING && trp->tp->type!=LT) {
+		len = trp->tp - trp->bp;
+		expandrow(trp, "<include>");
+		trp->tp = trp->bp+len;
+	}
+	if (trp->tp->type==STRING) {
+		len = trp->tp->len-2;
+		if (len > sizeof(fname) - 1)
+			len = sizeof(fname) - 1;
+		strncpy(fname, (char*)trp->tp->t+1, len);
+		angled = 0;
+	} else if (trp->tp->type==LT) {
+		len = 0;
+		trp->tp++;
+		while (trp->tp->type!=GT) {
+			if (trp->tp>trp->lp || len+trp->tp->len+2 >= sizeof(fname))
+				goto syntax;
+			strncpy(fname+len, (char*)trp->tp->t, trp->tp->len);
+			len += trp->tp->len;
+			trp->tp++;
+		}
+		angled = 1;
+	} else
+		goto syntax;
+	trp->tp += 2;
+	if (trp->tp < trp->lp || len==0)
+		goto syntax;
+	fname[len] = '\0';
+
+	appendDirToIncludeList( basepath( fname ) );
+
+	if (fname[0]=='/') {
+		fd = open(fname, 0);
+		strcpy(iname, fname);
+	} else for (fd = -1,i=NINCLUDE-1; i>=0; i--) {
+		ip = &includelist[i];
+		if (ip->file==NULL || ip->deleted || (angled && ip->always==0))
+			continue;
+		if (strlen(fname)+strlen(ip->file)+2 > sizeof(iname))
+			continue;
+		strcpy(iname, ip->file);
+		strcat(iname, "/");
+		strcat(iname, fname);
+		if ((fd = open(iname, 0)) >= 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	if ( Mflag>1 || (!angled&&Mflag==1) ) {
+		wlen = write(1,objname,strlen(objname));
+		wlen = write(1,iname,strlen(iname));
+		wlen = write(1,"\n",1);
+	}
+	if (fd >= 0) {
+		if (++incdepth > 10)
+			error(FATAL, "#include too deeply nested");
+		setsource((char*)newstring((uchar*)iname, strlen(iname), 0), fd, NULL);
+		genline();
+	} else {
+		trp->tp = trp->bp+2;
+		error(ERROR, "Could not find include file %r", trp);
+	}
+	return;
+syntax:
+	error(ERROR, "Syntax error in #include");
+	return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate a line directive for cursource
+ */
+void
+genline(void)
+{
+	static Token ta = { UNCLASS };
+	static Tokenrow tr = { &ta, &ta, &ta+1, 1 };
+	uchar *p;
+
+	ta.t = p = (uchar*)outp;
+	strcpy((char*)p, "#line ");
+	p += sizeof("#line ")-1;
+	p = (uchar*)outnum((char*)p, cursource->line);
+	*p++ = ' '; *p++ = '"';
+	if (cursource->filename[0]!='/' && wd[0]) {
+		strcpy((char*)p, wd);
+		p += strlen(wd);
+		*p++ = '/';
+	}
+	strcpy((char*)p, cursource->filename);
+	p += strlen((char*)p);
+	*p++ = '"'; *p++ = '\n';
+	ta.len = (char*)p-outp;
+	outp = (char*)p;
+	tr.tp = tr.bp;
+	puttokens(&tr);
+}
+
+void
+setobjname(char *f)
+{
+	int n = strlen(f);
+	objname = (char*)domalloc(n+5);
+	strcpy(objname,f);
+	if(objname[n-2]=='.'){
+		strcpy(objname+n-1,"$O: ");
+	}else{
+		strcpy(objname+n,"$O: ");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/lex.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/lex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8030354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/lex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+/*
+ * lexical FSM encoding
+ *   when in state state, and one of the characters
+ *   in ch arrives, enter nextstate.
+ *   States >= S_SELF are either final, or at least require special action.
+ *   In 'fsm' there is a line for each state X charset X nextstate.
+ *   List chars that overwrite previous entries later (e.g. C_ALPH
+ *   can be overridden by '_' by a later entry; and C_XX is the
+ *   the universal set, and should always be first.
+ *   States above S_SELF are represented in the big table as negative values.
+ *   S_SELF and S_SELFB encode the resulting token type in the upper bits.
+ *   These actions differ in that S_SELF doesn't have a lookahead char,
+ *   S_SELFB does.
+ *
+ *   The encoding is blown out into a big table for time-efficiency.
+ *   Entries have
+ *      nextstate: 6 bits; ?\ marker: 1 bit; tokentype: 9 bits.
+ */
+
+#define	MAXSTATE 32
+#define	ACT(tok,act)	((tok<<7)+act)
+#define	QBSBIT	0100
+#define	GETACT(st)	(st>>7)&0x1ff
+
+/* character classes */
+#define	C_WS	1
+#define	C_ALPH	2
+#define	C_NUM	3
+#define	C_EOF	4
+#define	C_XX	5
+
+enum state {
+	START=0, NUM1, NUM2, NUM3, ID1, ST1, ST2, ST3, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4,
+	CC1, CC2, WS1, PLUS1, MINUS1, STAR1, SLASH1, PCT1, SHARP1,
+	CIRC1, GT1, GT2, LT1, LT2, OR1, AND1, ASG1, NOT1, DOTS1,
+	S_SELF=MAXSTATE, S_SELFB, S_EOF, S_NL, S_EOFSTR,
+	S_STNL, S_COMNL, S_EOFCOM, S_COMMENT, S_EOB, S_WS, S_NAME
+};
+
+int	tottok;
+int	tokkind[256];
+struct	fsm {
+	int	state;		/* if in this state */
+	uchar	ch[4];		/* and see one of these characters */
+	int	nextstate;	/* enter this state if +ve */
+};
+
+/*const*/ struct fsm fsm[] = {
+	/* start state */
+	{START,	{ C_XX },	ACT(UNCLASS,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ ' ', '\t', '\v' },	WS1},
+	{START,	{ C_NUM },	NUM1},
+	{START,	{ '.' },	NUM3},
+	{START,	{ C_ALPH },	ID1},
+	{START,	{ 'L' },	ST1},
+	{START,	{ '"' },	ST2},
+	{START,	{ '\'' },	CC1},
+	{START,	{ '/' },	COM1},
+	{START,	{ EOFC },	S_EOF},
+	{START,	{ '\n' },	S_NL},
+	{START,	{ '-' },	MINUS1},
+	{START,	{ '+' },	PLUS1},
+	{START,	{ '<' },	LT1},
+	{START,	{ '>' },	GT1},
+	{START,	{ '=' },	ASG1},
+	{START,	{ '!' },	NOT1},
+	{START,	{ '&' },	AND1},
+	{START,	{ '|' },	OR1},
+	{START,	{ '#' },	SHARP1},
+	{START,	{ '%' },	PCT1},
+	{START,	{ '[' },	ACT(SBRA,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ ']' },	ACT(SKET,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '(' },	ACT(LP,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ ')' },	ACT(RP,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '*' },	STAR1},
+	{START,	{ ',' },	ACT(COMMA,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '?' },	ACT(QUEST,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ ':' },	ACT(COLON,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ ';' },	ACT(SEMIC,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '{' },	ACT(CBRA,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '}' },	ACT(CKET,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '~' },	ACT(TILDE,S_SELF)},
+	{START,	{ '^' },	CIRC1},
+
+	/* saw a digit */
+	{NUM1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(NUMBER,S_SELFB)},
+	{NUM1,	{ C_NUM, C_ALPH, '.' },	NUM1},
+	{NUM1,	{ 'E', 'e' },	NUM2},
+	{NUM1,	{ '_' },	ACT(NUMBER,S_SELFB)},
+
+	/* saw possible start of exponent, digits-e */
+	{NUM2,	{ C_XX },	ACT(NUMBER,S_SELFB)},
+	{NUM2,	{ '+', '-' },	NUM1},
+	{NUM2,	{ C_NUM, C_ALPH },	NUM1},
+	{NUM2,	{ '_' },	ACT(NUMBER,S_SELFB)},
+
+	/* saw a '.', which could be a number or an operator */
+	{NUM3,	{ C_XX },	ACT(DOT,S_SELFB)},
+	{NUM3,	{ '.' },	DOTS1},
+	{NUM3,	{ C_NUM },	NUM1},
+
+	{DOTS1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(UNCLASS, S_SELFB)},
+	{DOTS1,	{ C_NUM },	NUM1},
+	{DOTS1,	{ '.' },	ACT(ELLIPS, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* saw a letter or _ */
+	{ID1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(NAME,S_NAME)},
+	{ID1,	{ C_ALPH, C_NUM },	ID1},
+
+	/* saw L (start of wide string?) */
+	{ST1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(NAME,S_NAME)},
+	{ST1,	{ C_ALPH, C_NUM },	ID1},
+	{ST1,	{ '"' },	ST2},
+	{ST1,	{ '\'' },	CC1},
+
+	/* saw " beginning string */
+	{ST2,	{ C_XX },	ST2},
+	{ST2,	{ '"' },	ACT(STRING, S_SELF)},
+	{ST2,	{ '\\' },	ST3},
+	{ST2,	{ '\n' },	S_STNL},
+	{ST2,	{ EOFC },	S_EOFSTR},
+
+	/* saw \ in string */
+	{ST3,	{ C_XX },	ST2},
+	{ST3,	{ '\n' },	S_STNL},
+	{ST3,	{ EOFC },	S_EOFSTR},
+
+	/* saw ' beginning character const */
+	{CC1,	{ C_XX },	CC1},
+	{CC1,	{ '\'' },	ACT(CCON, S_SELF)},
+	{CC1,	{ '\\' },	CC2},
+	{CC1,	{ '\n' },	S_STNL},
+	{CC1,	{ EOFC },	S_EOFSTR},
+
+	/* saw \ in ccon */
+	{CC2,	{ C_XX },	CC1},
+	{CC2,	{ '\n' },	S_STNL},
+	{CC2,	{ EOFC },	S_EOFSTR},
+
+	/* saw /, perhaps start of comment */
+	{COM1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(SLASH, S_SELFB)},
+	{COM1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASSLASH, S_SELF)},
+	{COM1,	{ '*' },	COM2},
+	{COM1,	{ '/' },	COM4},
+
+	/* saw / then *, start of comment */
+	{COM2,	{ C_XX },	COM2},
+	{COM2,	{ '\n' },	S_COMNL},
+	{COM2,	{ '*' },	COM3},
+	{COM2,	{ EOFC },	S_EOFCOM},
+
+	/* saw the * possibly ending a comment */
+	{COM3,	{ C_XX },	COM2},
+	{COM3,	{ '\n' },	S_COMNL},
+	{COM3,	{ '*' },	COM3},
+	{COM3,	{ '/' },	S_COMMENT},
+
+	/* // comment */
+	{COM4,	{ C_XX },	COM4},
+	{COM4,	{ '\n' },	S_NL},
+	{COM4,	{ EOFC },	S_EOFCOM},
+
+	/* saw white space, eat it up */
+	{WS1,	{ C_XX },	S_WS},
+	{WS1,	{ ' ', '\t', '\v' },	WS1},
+
+	/* saw -, check --, -=, -> */
+	{MINUS1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(MINUS, S_SELFB)},
+	{MINUS1,	{ '-' },	ACT(MMINUS, S_SELF)},
+	{MINUS1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASMINUS,S_SELF)},
+	{MINUS1,	{ '>' },	ACT(ARROW,S_SELF)},
+
+	/* saw +, check ++, += */
+	{PLUS1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(PLUS, S_SELFB)},
+	{PLUS1,	{ '+' },	ACT(PPLUS, S_SELF)},
+	{PLUS1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASPLUS, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* saw <, check <<, <<=, <= */
+	{LT1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(LT, S_SELFB)},
+	{LT1,	{ '<' },	LT2},
+	{LT1,	{ '=' },	ACT(LEQ, S_SELF)},
+	{LT2,	{ C_XX },	ACT(LSH, S_SELFB)},
+	{LT2,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASLSH, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* saw >, check >>, >>=, >= */
+	{GT1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(GT, S_SELFB)},
+	{GT1,	{ '>' },	GT2},
+	{GT1,	{ '=' },	ACT(GEQ, S_SELF)},
+	{GT2,	{ C_XX },	ACT(RSH, S_SELFB)},
+	{GT2,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASRSH, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* = */
+	{ASG1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(ASGN, S_SELFB)},
+	{ASG1,	{ '=' },	ACT(EQ, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* ! */
+	{NOT1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(NOT, S_SELFB)},
+	{NOT1,	{ '=' },	ACT(NEQ, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* & */
+	{AND1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(AND, S_SELFB)},
+	{AND1,	{ '&' },	ACT(LAND, S_SELF)},
+	{AND1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASAND, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* | */
+	{OR1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(OR, S_SELFB)},
+	{OR1,	{ '|' },	ACT(LOR, S_SELF)},
+	{OR1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASOR, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* # */
+	{SHARP1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(SHARP, S_SELFB)},
+	{SHARP1,	{ '#' },	ACT(DSHARP, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* % */
+	{PCT1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(PCT, S_SELFB)},
+	{PCT1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASPCT, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* * */
+	{STAR1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(STAR, S_SELFB)},
+	{STAR1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASSTAR, S_SELF)},
+
+	/* ^ */
+	{CIRC1,	{ C_XX },	ACT(CIRC, S_SELFB)},
+	{CIRC1,	{ '=' },	ACT(ASCIRC, S_SELF)},
+
+	{-1}
+};
+
+/* first index is char, second is state */
+/* increase #states to power of 2 to encourage use of shift */
+short	bigfsm[256][MAXSTATE];
+
+void
+expandlex(void)
+{
+	/*const*/ struct fsm *fp;
+	int i, j, nstate;
+
+	for (fp = fsm; fp->state>=0; fp++) {
+		for (i=0; fp->ch[i]; i++) {
+			nstate = fp->nextstate;
+			if (nstate >= S_SELF)
+				nstate = ~nstate;
+			switch (fp->ch[i]) {
+
+			case C_XX:		/* random characters */
+				for (j=0; j<256; j++)
+					bigfsm[j][fp->state] = nstate;
+				continue;
+			case C_ALPH:
+				for (j=0; j<=256; j++)
+					if (('a'<=j&&j<='z') || ('A'<=j&&j<='Z')
+					  || j=='_')
+						bigfsm[j][fp->state] = nstate;
+				continue;
+			case C_NUM:
+				for (j='0'; j<='9'; j++)
+					bigfsm[j][fp->state] = nstate;
+				continue;
+			default:
+				bigfsm[fp->ch[i]][fp->state] = nstate;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	/* install special cases for ? (trigraphs),  \ (splicing), runes, and EOB */
+	for (i=0; i<MAXSTATE; i++) {
+		for (j=0; j<0xFF; j++)
+			if (j=='?' || j=='\\') {
+				if (bigfsm[j][i]>0)
+					bigfsm[j][i] = ~bigfsm[j][i];
+				bigfsm[j][i] &= ~QBSBIT;
+			}
+		bigfsm[EOB][i] = ~S_EOB;
+		if (bigfsm[EOFC][i]>=0)
+			bigfsm[EOFC][i] = ~S_EOF;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+fixlex(void)
+{
+	/* do C++ comments? */
+	if (Cplusplus==0)
+		bigfsm['/'][COM1] = bigfsm['x'][COM1];
+}
+
+/*
+ * fill in a row of tokens from input, terminated by NL or END
+ * First token is put at trp->lp.
+ * Reset is non-zero when the input buffer can be "rewound."
+ * The value is a flag indicating that possible macros have
+ * been seen in the row.
+ */
+int
+gettokens(Tokenrow *trp, int reset)
+{
+	register int c, state, oldstate;
+	register uchar *ip;
+	register Token *tp, *maxp;
+	int runelen;
+	Source *s = cursource;
+	int nmac = 0;
+
+	tp = trp->lp;
+	ip = s->inp;
+	if (reset) {
+		s->lineinc = 0;
+		if (ip>=s->inl) {		/* nothing in buffer */
+			s->inl = s->inb;
+			fillbuf(s);
+			ip = s->inp = s->inb;
+		} else if (ip >= s->inb+(3*INS/4)) {
+			memmove(s->inb, ip, 4+s->inl-ip);
+			s->inl = s->inb+(s->inl-ip);
+			ip = s->inp = s->inb;
+		}
+	}
+	maxp = &trp->bp[trp->max];
+	runelen = 1;
+	for (;;) {
+	   continue2:
+		if (tp>=maxp) {
+			trp->lp = tp;
+			tp = growtokenrow(trp);
+			maxp = &trp->bp[trp->max];
+		}
+		tp->type = UNCLASS;
+		tp->hideset = 0;
+		tp->t = ip;
+		tp->wslen = 0;
+		tp->flag = 0;
+		state = START;
+		for (;;) {
+			oldstate = state;
+			c = *ip;
+			if ((state = bigfsm[c][state]) >= 0) {
+				ip += runelen;
+				runelen = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			state = ~state;
+		reswitch:
+			switch (state&0177) {
+			case S_SELF:
+				ip += runelen;
+				runelen = 1;
+			case S_SELFB:
+				tp->type = GETACT(state);
+				tp->len = ip - tp->t;
+				tp++;
+				goto continue2;
+
+			case S_NAME:	/* like S_SELFB but with nmac check */
+				tp->type = NAME;
+				tp->len = ip - tp->t;
+				nmac |= quicklook(tp->t[0], tp->len>1?tp->t[1]:0);
+				tp++;
+				goto continue2;
+
+			case S_WS:
+				tp->wslen = ip - tp->t;
+				tp->t = ip;
+				state = START;
+				continue;
+
+			default:
+				if ((state&QBSBIT)==0) {
+					ip += runelen;
+					runelen = 1;
+					continue;
+				}
+				state &= ~QBSBIT;
+				s->inp = ip;
+				if (c=='?') { 	/* check trigraph */
+					if (trigraph(s)) {
+						state = oldstate;
+						continue;
+					}
+					goto reswitch;
+				}
+				if (c=='\\') { /* line-folding */
+					if (foldline(s)) {
+						s->lineinc++;
+						state = oldstate;
+						continue;
+					}
+					goto reswitch;
+				}
+				error(WARNING, "Lexical botch in cpp");
+				ip += runelen;
+				runelen = 1;
+				continue;
+
+			case S_EOB:
+				s->inp = ip;
+				fillbuf(cursource);
+				state = oldstate;
+				continue;
+
+			case S_EOF:
+				tp->type = END;
+				tp->len = 0;
+				s->inp = ip;
+				if (tp!=trp->bp && (tp-1)->type!=NL && cursource->fd!=-1)
+					error(WARNING,"No newline at end of file");
+				trp->lp = tp+1;
+				return nmac;
+
+			case S_STNL:
+				error(ERROR, "Unterminated string or char const");
+			case S_NL:
+				tp->t = ip;
+				tp->type = NL;
+				tp->len = 1;
+				tp->wslen = 0;
+				s->lineinc++;
+				s->inp = ip+1;
+				trp->lp = tp+1;
+				return nmac;
+
+			case S_EOFSTR:
+				error(FATAL, "EOF in string or char constant");
+				break;
+
+			case S_COMNL:
+				s->lineinc++;
+				state = COM2;
+				ip += runelen;
+				runelen = 1;
+				if (ip >= s->inb+(7*INS/8)) { /* very long comment */
+					memmove(tp->t, ip, 4+s->inl-ip);
+					s->inl -= ip-tp->t;
+					ip = tp->t+1;
+				}
+				continue;
+
+			case S_EOFCOM:
+				error(WARNING, "EOF inside comment");
+				--ip;
+			case S_COMMENT:
+				++ip;
+				tp->t = ip;
+				tp->t[-1] = ' ';
+				tp->wslen = 1;
+				state = START;
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		ip += runelen;
+		runelen = 1;
+		tp->len = ip - tp->t;
+		tp++;
+	}
+}
+
+/* have seen ?; handle the trigraph it starts (if any) else 0 */
+int
+trigraph(Source *s)
+{
+	int c;
+
+	while (s->inp+2 >= s->inl && fillbuf(s)!=EOF)
+		;
+	if (s->inp[1]!='?')
+		return 0;
+	c = 0;
+	switch(s->inp[2]) {
+	case '=':
+		c = '#'; break;
+	case '(':
+		c = '['; break;
+	case '/':
+		c = '\\'; break;
+	case ')':
+		c = ']'; break;
+	case '\'':
+		c = '^'; break;
+	case '<':
+		c = '{'; break;
+	case '!':
+		c = '|'; break;
+	case '>':
+		c = '}'; break;
+	case '-':
+		c = '~'; break;
+	}
+	if (c) {
+		*s->inp = c;
+		memmove(s->inp+1, s->inp+3, s->inl-s->inp+2);
+		s->inl -= 2;
+	}
+	return c;
+}
+
+int
+foldline(Source *s)
+{
+	while (s->inp+1 >= s->inl && fillbuf(s)!=EOF)
+		;
+	if (s->inp[1] == '\n') {
+		memmove(s->inp, s->inp+2, s->inl-s->inp+3);
+		s->inl -= 2;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+fillbuf(Source *s)
+{
+	int n, nr;
+
+	nr = INS/8;
+	if ((char *)s->inl+nr > (char *)s->inb+INS)
+		error(FATAL, "Input buffer overflow");
+	if (s->fd<0 || (n=read(s->fd, (char *)s->inl, INS/8)) <= 0)
+		n = 0;
+	if ((*s->inp&0xff) == EOB) /* sentinel character appears in input */
+		*s->inp = EOFC;
+	s->inl += n;
+	s->inl[0] = s->inl[1]= s->inl[2]= s->inl[3] = EOB;
+	if (n==0) {
+		s->inl[0] = s->inl[1]= s->inl[2]= s->inl[3] = EOFC;
+		return EOF;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Push down to new source of characters.
+ * If fd>0 and str==NULL, then from a file `name';
+ * if fd==-1 and str, then from the string.
+ */
+Source *
+setsource(char *name, int fd, char *str)
+{
+	Source *s = new(Source);
+	int len;
+
+	s->line = 1;
+	s->lineinc = 0;
+	s->fd = fd;
+	s->filename = name;
+	s->next = cursource;
+	s->ifdepth = 0;
+	cursource = s;
+	/* slop at right for EOB */
+	if (str) {
+		len = strlen(str);
+		s->inb = domalloc(len+4);
+		s->inp = s->inb;
+		strncpy((char *)s->inp, str, len);
+	} else {
+		s->inb = domalloc(INS+4);
+		s->inp = s->inb;
+		len = 0;
+	}
+	s->inl = s->inp+len;
+	s->inl[0] = s->inl[1] = EOB;
+	return s;
+}
+
+void
+unsetsource(void)
+{
+	Source *s = cursource;
+
+	if (s->fd>=0) {
+		close(s->fd);
+		dofree(s->inb);
+	}
+	cursource = s->next;
+	dofree(s);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/macro.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/macro.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d1129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/macro.c
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+/*
+ * do a macro definition.  tp points to the name being defined in the line
+ */
+void
+dodefine(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	Token *tp;
+	Nlist *np;
+	Tokenrow *def, *args;
+
+	tp = trp->tp+1;
+	if (tp>=trp->lp || tp->type!=NAME) {
+		error(ERROR, "#defined token is not a name");
+		return;
+	}
+	np = lookup(tp, 1);
+	if (np->flag&ISUNCHANGE) {
+		error(ERROR, "#defined token %t can't be redefined", tp);
+		return;
+	}
+	/* collect arguments */
+	tp += 1;
+	args = NULL;
+	if (tp<trp->lp && tp->type==LP && tp->wslen==0) {
+		/* macro with args */
+		int narg = 0;
+		tp += 1;
+		args = new(Tokenrow);
+		maketokenrow(2, args);
+		if (tp->type!=RP) {
+			int err = 0;
+			for (;;) {
+				Token *atp;
+				if (tp->type!=NAME) {
+					err++;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (narg>=args->max)
+					growtokenrow(args);
+				for (atp=args->bp; atp<args->lp; atp++)
+					if (atp->len==tp->len
+					 && strncmp((char*)atp->t, (char*)tp->t, tp->len)==0)
+						error(ERROR, "Duplicate macro argument");
+				*args->lp++ = *tp;
+				narg++;
+				tp += 1;
+				if (tp->type==RP)
+					break;
+				if (tp->type!=COMMA) {
+					err++;
+					break;
+				}
+				tp += 1;
+			}
+			if (err) {
+				error(ERROR, "Syntax error in macro parameters");
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		tp += 1;
+	}
+	trp->tp = tp;
+	if (((trp->lp)-1)->type==NL)
+		trp->lp -= 1;
+	def = normtokenrow(trp);
+	if (np->flag&ISDEFINED) {
+		if (comparetokens(def, np->vp)
+		 || (np->ap==NULL) != (args==NULL)
+		 || (np->ap && comparetokens(args, np->ap)))
+			error(ERROR, "Macro redefinition of %t", trp->bp+2);
+	}
+	if (args) {
+		Tokenrow *tap;
+		tap = normtokenrow(args);
+		dofree(args->bp);
+		args = tap;
+	}
+	np->ap = args;
+	np->vp = def;
+	np->flag |= ISDEFINED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Definition received via -D or -U
+ */
+void
+doadefine(Tokenrow *trp, int type)
+{
+	Nlist *np;
+	static Token onetoken[1] = {{ NUMBER, 0, 0, 0, 1, (uchar*)"1" }};
+	static Tokenrow onetr = { onetoken, onetoken, onetoken+1, 1 };
+
+	trp->tp = trp->bp;
+	if (type=='U') {
+		if (trp->lp-trp->tp != 2 || trp->tp->type!=NAME)
+			goto syntax;
+		if ((np = lookup(trp->tp, 0)) == NULL)
+			return;
+		np->flag &= ~ISDEFINED;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (trp->tp >= trp->lp || trp->tp->type!=NAME)
+		goto syntax;
+	np = lookup(trp->tp, 1);
+	np->flag |= ISDEFINED;
+	trp->tp += 1;
+	if (trp->tp >= trp->lp || trp->tp->type==END) {
+		np->vp = &onetr;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (trp->tp->type!=ASGN)
+		goto syntax;
+	trp->tp += 1;
+	if ((trp->lp-1)->type == END)
+		trp->lp -= 1;
+	np->vp = normtokenrow(trp);
+	return;
+syntax:
+	error(FATAL, "Illegal -D or -U argument %r", trp);
+}
+			
+/*
+ * Do macro expansion in a row of tokens.
+ * Flag is NULL if more input can be gathered.
+ */
+void
+expandrow(Tokenrow *trp, char *flag)
+{
+	Token *tp;
+	Nlist *np;
+
+	if (flag)
+		setsource(flag, -1, "");
+	for (tp = trp->tp; tp<trp->lp; ) {
+		if (tp->type!=NAME
+		 || quicklook(tp->t[0], tp->len>1?tp->t[1]:0)==0
+		 || (np = lookup(tp, 0))==NULL
+		 || (np->flag&(ISDEFINED|ISMAC))==0
+		 || (tp->hideset && checkhideset(tp->hideset, np))) {
+			tp++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		trp->tp = tp;
+		if (np->val==KDEFINED) {
+			tp->type = DEFINED;
+			if ((tp+1)<trp->lp && (tp+1)->type==NAME)
+				(tp+1)->type = NAME1;
+			else if ((tp+3)<trp->lp && (tp+1)->type==LP
+			 && (tp+2)->type==NAME && (tp+3)->type==RP)
+				(tp+2)->type = NAME1;
+			else
+				error(ERROR, "Incorrect syntax for `defined'");
+			tp++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (np->flag&ISMAC)
+			builtin(trp, np->val);
+		else {
+			expand(trp, np);
+		}
+		tp = trp->tp;
+	}
+	if (flag)
+		unsetsource();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand the macro whose name is np, at token trp->tp, in the tokenrow.
+ * Return trp->tp at the first token next to be expanded
+ * (ordinarily the beginning of the expansion)
+ */
+void
+expand(Tokenrow *trp, Nlist *np)
+{
+	Tokenrow ntr;
+	int ntokc, narg, i;
+	Token *tp;
+	Tokenrow *atr[NARG+1];
+	int hs;
+
+	copytokenrow(&ntr, np->vp);		/* copy macro value */
+	if (np->ap==NULL)			/* parameterless */
+		ntokc = 1;
+	else {
+		ntokc = gatherargs(trp, atr, &narg);
+		if (narg<0) {			/* not actually a call (no '(') */
+			trp->tp++;
+			return;
+		}
+		if (narg != rowlen(np->ap)) {
+			error(ERROR, "Disagreement in number of macro arguments");
+			trp->tp->hideset = newhideset(trp->tp->hideset, np);
+			trp->tp += ntokc;
+			return;
+		}
+		substargs(np, &ntr, atr);	/* put args into replacement */
+		for (i=0; i<narg; i++) {
+			dofree(atr[i]->bp);
+			dofree(atr[i]);
+		}
+	}
+	doconcat(&ntr);				/* execute ## operators */
+	hs = newhideset(trp->tp->hideset, np);
+	for (tp=ntr.bp; tp<ntr.lp; tp++) {	/* distribute hidesets */
+		if (tp->type==NAME) {
+			if (tp->hideset==0)
+				tp->hideset = hs;
+			else
+				tp->hideset = unionhideset(tp->hideset, hs);
+		}
+	}
+	ntr.tp = ntr.bp;
+	insertrow(trp, ntokc, &ntr);
+	trp->tp -= rowlen(&ntr);
+	dofree(ntr.bp);
+	return;
+}	
+
+/*
+ * Gather an arglist, starting in trp with tp pointing at the macro name.
+ * Return total number of tokens passed, stash number of args found.
+ * trp->tp is not changed relative to the tokenrow.
+ */
+int
+gatherargs(Tokenrow *trp, Tokenrow **atr, int *narg)
+{
+	int parens = 1;
+	int ntok = 0;
+	Token *bp, *lp;
+	Tokenrow ttr;
+	int ntokp;
+	int needspace;
+
+	*narg = -1;			/* means that there is no macro call */
+	/* look for the ( */
+	for (;;) {
+		trp->tp++;
+		ntok++;
+		if (trp->tp >= trp->lp) {
+			gettokens(trp, 0);
+			if ((trp->lp-1)->type==END) {
+				trp->lp -= 1;
+				trp->tp -= ntok;
+				return ntok;
+			}
+		}
+		if (trp->tp->type==LP)
+			break;
+		if (trp->tp->type!=NL)
+			return ntok;
+	}
+	*narg = 0;
+	ntok++;
+	ntokp = ntok;
+	trp->tp++;
+	/* search for the terminating ), possibly extending the row */
+	needspace = 0;
+	while (parens>0) {
+		if (trp->tp >= trp->lp)
+			gettokens(trp, 0);
+		if (needspace) {
+			needspace = 0;
+			makespace(trp);
+		}
+		if (trp->tp->type==END) {
+			trp->lp -= 1;
+			trp->tp -= ntok;
+			error(ERROR, "EOF in macro arglist");
+			return ntok;
+		}
+		if (trp->tp->type==NL) {
+			trp->tp += 1;
+			adjustrow(trp, -1);
+			trp->tp -= 1;
+			makespace(trp);
+			needspace = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (trp->tp->type==LP)
+			parens++;
+		else if (trp->tp->type==RP)
+			parens--;
+		trp->tp++;
+		ntok++;
+	}
+	trp->tp -= ntok;
+	/* Now trp->tp won't move underneath us */
+	lp = bp = trp->tp+ntokp;
+	for (; parens>=0; lp++) {
+		if (lp->type == LP) {
+			parens++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (lp->type==RP)
+			parens--;
+		if (lp->type==DSHARP)
+			lp->type = DSHARP1;	/* ## not special in arg */
+		if ((lp->type==COMMA && parens==0) || (parens<0 && (lp-1)->type!=LP)) {
+			if (*narg>=NARG-1)
+				error(FATAL, "Sorry, too many macro arguments");
+			ttr.bp = ttr.tp = bp;
+			ttr.lp = lp;
+			atr[(*narg)++] = normtokenrow(&ttr);
+			bp = lp+1;
+		}
+	}
+	return ntok;
+}
+
+/*
+ * substitute the argument list into the replacement string
+ *  This would be simple except for ## and #
+ */
+void
+substargs(Nlist *np, Tokenrow *rtr, Tokenrow **atr)
+{
+	Tokenrow tatr;
+	Token *tp;
+	int ntok, argno;
+
+	for (rtr->tp=rtr->bp; rtr->tp<rtr->lp; ) {
+		if (rtr->tp->type==SHARP) {	/* string operator */
+			tp = rtr->tp;
+			rtr->tp += 1;
+			if ((argno = lookuparg(np, rtr->tp))<0) {
+				error(ERROR, "# not followed by macro parameter");
+				continue;
+			}
+			ntok = 1 + (rtr->tp - tp);
+			rtr->tp = tp;
+			insertrow(rtr, ntok, stringify(atr[argno]));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (rtr->tp->type==NAME
+		 && (argno = lookuparg(np, rtr->tp)) >= 0) {
+			if ((rtr->tp+1)->type==DSHARP
+			 || (rtr->tp!=rtr->bp && (rtr->tp-1)->type==DSHARP))
+				insertrow(rtr, 1, atr[argno]);
+			else {
+				copytokenrow(&tatr, atr[argno]);
+				expandrow(&tatr, "<macro>");
+				insertrow(rtr, 1, &tatr);
+				dofree(tatr.bp);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		rtr->tp++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Evaluate the ## operators in a tokenrow
+ */
+void
+doconcat(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	Token *ltp, *ntp;
+	Tokenrow ntr;
+	int len;
+
+	for (trp->tp=trp->bp; trp->tp<trp->lp; trp->tp++) {
+		if (trp->tp->type==DSHARP1)
+			trp->tp->type = DSHARP;
+		else if (trp->tp->type==DSHARP) {
+			char tt[128];
+			ltp = trp->tp-1;
+			ntp = trp->tp+1;
+			if (ltp<trp->bp || ntp>=trp->lp) {
+				error(ERROR, "## occurs at border of replacement");
+				continue;
+			}
+			len = ltp->len + ntp->len;
+			strncpy((char*)tt, (char*)ltp->t, ltp->len);
+			strncpy((char*)tt+ltp->len, (char*)ntp->t, ntp->len);
+			tt[len] = '\0';
+			setsource("<##>", -1, tt);
+			maketokenrow(3, &ntr);
+			gettokens(&ntr, 1);
+			unsetsource();
+			if (ntr.lp-ntr.bp!=2 || ntr.bp->type==UNCLASS)
+				error(WARNING, "Bad token %r produced by ##", &ntr);
+			ntr.lp = ntr.bp+1;
+			trp->tp = ltp;
+			makespace(&ntr);
+			insertrow(trp, (ntp-ltp)+1, &ntr);
+			dofree(ntr.bp);
+			trp->tp--;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * tp is a potential parameter name of macro mac;
+ * look it up in mac's arglist, and if found, return the
+ * corresponding index in the argname array.  Return -1 if not found.
+ */
+int
+lookuparg(Nlist *mac, Token *tp)
+{
+	Token *ap;
+
+	if (tp->type!=NAME || mac->ap==NULL)
+		return -1;
+	for (ap=mac->ap->bp; ap<mac->ap->lp; ap++) {
+		if (ap->len==tp->len && strncmp((char*)ap->t,(char*)tp->t,ap->len)==0)
+			return ap - mac->ap->bp;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a quoted version of the tokenrow (from # arg)
+ */
+#define	STRLEN	512
+Tokenrow *
+stringify(Tokenrow *vp)
+{
+	static Token t = { STRING };
+	static Tokenrow tr = { &t, &t, &t+1, 1 };
+	Token *tp;
+	uchar s[STRLEN];
+	uchar *sp = s, *cp;
+	int i, instring;
+
+	*sp++ = '"';
+	for (tp = vp->bp; tp < vp->lp; tp++) {
+		instring = tp->type==STRING || tp->type==CCON;
+		if (sp+2*tp->len >= &s[STRLEN-10]) {
+			error(ERROR, "Stringified macro arg is too long");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (tp->wslen && (tp->flag&XPWS)==0)
+			*sp++ = ' ';
+		for (i=0, cp=tp->t; i<tp->len; i++) {	
+			if (instring && (*cp=='"' || *cp=='\\'))
+				*sp++ = '\\';
+			*sp++ = *cp++;
+		}
+	}
+	*sp++ = '"';
+	*sp = '\0';
+	sp = s;
+	t.len = strlen((char*)sp);
+	t.t = newstring(sp, t.len, 0);
+	return &tr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * expand a builtin name
+ */
+void
+builtin(Tokenrow *trp, int biname)
+{
+	char *op;
+	Token *tp;
+	Source *s;
+
+	tp = trp->tp;
+	trp->tp++;
+	/* need to find the real source */
+	s = cursource;
+	while (s && s->fd==-1)
+		s = s->next;
+	if (s==NULL)
+		s = cursource;
+	/* most are strings */
+	tp->type = STRING;
+	if (tp->wslen) {
+		*outp++ = ' ';
+		tp->wslen = 1;
+	}
+	op = outp;
+	*op++ = '"';
+	switch (biname) {
+
+	case KLINENO:
+		tp->type = NUMBER;
+		op = outnum(op-1, s->line);
+		break;
+
+	case KFILE: {
+		char *src = s->filename;
+		while ((*op++ = *src++) != 0)
+			if (src[-1] == '\\')
+				*op++ = '\\';
+		op--;
+		break;
+		}
+
+	case KDATE:
+		strncpy(op, curtime+4, 7);
+		strncpy(op+7, curtime+20, 4);
+		op += 11;
+		break;
+
+	case KTIME:
+		strncpy(op, curtime+11, 8);
+		op += 8;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		error(ERROR, "cpp botch: unknown internal macro");
+		return;
+	}
+	if (tp->type==STRING)
+		*op++ = '"';
+	tp->t = (uchar*)outp;
+	tp->len = op - outp;
+	outp = op;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/nlist.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/nlist.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3a8357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/nlist.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+extern	char	*optarg;
+extern	int	optind;
+extern	int	verbose;
+extern	int	Cplusplus;
+Nlist	*kwdefined;
+char	wd[128];
+
+#define	NLSIZE	128
+
+static Nlist	*nlist[NLSIZE];
+
+struct	kwtab {
+	char	*kw;
+	int	val;
+	int	flag;
+} kwtab[] = {
+	{"if",		KIF,		ISKW},
+	{"ifdef",	KIFDEF,		ISKW},
+	{"ifndef",	KIFNDEF,	ISKW},
+	{"elif",		KELIF,		ISKW},
+	{"else",		KELSE,		ISKW},
+	{"endif",	KENDIF,		ISKW},
+	{"include",	KINCLUDE,	ISKW},
+	{"define",	KDEFINE,	ISKW},
+	{"undef",	KUNDEF,		ISKW},
+	{"line",		KLINE,		ISKW},
+	{"warning",	KWARNING,	ISKW},
+	{"error",	KERROR,		ISKW},
+	{"pragma",	KPRAGMA,	ISKW},
+	{"eval",		KEVAL,		ISKW},
+	{"defined",	KDEFINED,	ISDEFINED+ISUNCHANGE},
+	{"__LINE__",	KLINENO,	ISMAC+ISUNCHANGE},
+	{"__FILE__",	KFILE,		ISMAC+ISUNCHANGE},
+	{"__DATE__",	KDATE,		ISMAC+ISUNCHANGE},
+	{"__TIME__",	KTIME,		ISMAC+ISUNCHANGE},
+	{"__STDC__",	KSTDC,		ISUNCHANGE},
+	{NULL}
+};
+
+unsigned long	namebit[077+1];
+Nlist 	*np;
+
+void
+setup_kwtab(void)
+{
+	struct kwtab *kp;
+	Nlist *np;
+	Token t;
+	static Token deftoken[1] = {{ NAME, 0, 0, 0, 7, (uchar*)"defined" }};
+	static Tokenrow deftr = { deftoken, deftoken, deftoken+1, 1 };
+
+	for (kp=kwtab; kp->kw; kp++) {
+		t.t = (uchar*)kp->kw;
+		t.len = strlen(kp->kw);
+		np = lookup(&t, 1);
+		np->flag = kp->flag;
+		np->val = kp->val;
+		if (np->val == KDEFINED) {
+			kwdefined = np;
+			np->val = NAME;
+			np->vp = &deftr;
+			np->ap = 0;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+Nlist *
+lookup(Token *tp, int install)
+{
+	unsigned int h;
+	Nlist *np;
+	uchar *cp, *cpe;
+
+	h = 0;
+	for (cp=tp->t, cpe=cp+tp->len; cp<cpe; )
+		h += *cp++;
+	h %= NLSIZE;
+	np = nlist[h];
+	while (np) {
+		if (*tp->t==*np->name && tp->len==np->len 
+		 && strncmp((char*)tp->t, (char*)np->name, tp->len)==0)
+			return np;
+		np = np->next;
+	}
+	if (install) {
+		np = new(Nlist);
+		np->vp = NULL;
+		np->ap = NULL;
+		np->flag = 0;
+		np->val = 0;
+		np->len = tp->len;
+		np->name = newstring(tp->t, tp->len, 0);
+		np->next = nlist[h];
+		nlist[h] = np;
+		quickset(tp->t[0], tp->len>1? tp->t[1]:0);
+		return np;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/tokens.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/tokens.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad9f2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/tokens.c
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+static char wbuf[2*OBS];
+static char *wbp = wbuf;
+
+/*
+ * 1 for tokens that don't need whitespace when they get inserted
+ * by macro expansion
+ */
+static const char wstab[] = {
+	0,	/* END */
+	0,	/* UNCLASS */
+	0,	/* NAME */
+	0,	/* NUMBER */
+	0,	/* STRING */
+	0,	/* CCON */
+	1,	/* NL */
+	0,	/* WS */
+	0,	/* DSHARP */
+	0,	/* EQ */
+	0,	/* NEQ */
+	0,	/* LEQ */
+	0,	/* GEQ */
+	0,	/* LSH */
+	0,	/* RSH */
+	0,	/* LAND */
+	0,	/* LOR */
+	0,	/* PPLUS */
+	0,	/* MMINUS */
+	0,	/* ARROW */
+	1,	/* SBRA */
+	1,	/* SKET */
+	1,	/* LP */
+	1,	/* RP */
+	0,	/* DOT */
+	0,	/* AND */
+	0,	/* STAR */
+	0,	/* PLUS */
+	0,	/* MINUS */
+	0,	/* TILDE */
+	0,	/* NOT */
+	0,	/* SLASH */
+	0,	/* PCT */
+	0,	/* LT */
+	0,	/* GT */
+	0,	/* CIRC */
+	0,	/* OR */
+	0,	/* QUEST */
+	0,	/* COLON */
+	0,	/* ASGN */
+	1,	/* COMMA */
+	0,	/* SHARP */
+	1,	/* SEMIC */
+	1,	/* CBRA */
+	1,	/* CKET */
+	0,	/* ASPLUS */
+ 	0,	/* ASMINUS */
+ 	0,	/* ASSTAR */
+ 	0,	/* ASSLASH */
+ 	0,	/* ASPCT */
+ 	0,	/* ASCIRC */
+ 	0,	/* ASLSH */
+	0,	/* ASRSH */
+ 	0,	/* ASOR */
+ 	0,	/* ASAND */
+	0,	/* ELLIPS */
+	0,	/* DSHARP1 */
+	0,	/* NAME1 */
+	0,	/* DEFINED */
+	0,	/* UMINUS */
+};
+
+void
+maketokenrow(int size, Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	trp->max = size;
+	if (size>0)
+		trp->bp = (Token *)domalloc(size*sizeof(Token));
+	else
+		trp->bp = NULL;
+	trp->tp = trp->bp;
+	trp->lp = trp->bp;
+}
+
+Token *
+growtokenrow(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	int ncur = trp->tp - trp->bp;
+	int nlast = trp->lp - trp->bp;
+
+	trp->max = 3*trp->max/2 + 1;
+	trp->bp = (Token *)realloc(trp->bp, trp->max*sizeof(Token));
+	if (trp->bp == NULL)
+		error(FATAL, "Out of memory from realloc");
+	trp->lp = &trp->bp[nlast];
+	trp->tp = &trp->bp[ncur];
+	return trp->lp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare a row of tokens, ignoring the content of WS; return !=0 if different
+ */
+int
+comparetokens(Tokenrow *tr1, Tokenrow *tr2)
+{
+	Token *tp1, *tp2;
+
+	tp1 = tr1->tp;
+	tp2 = tr2->tp;
+	if (tr1->lp-tp1 != tr2->lp-tp2)
+		return 1;
+	for (; tp1<tr1->lp ; tp1++, tp2++) {
+		if (tp1->type != tp2->type
+		 || (tp1->wslen==0) != (tp2->wslen==0)
+		 || tp1->len != tp2->len
+		 || strncmp((char*)tp1->t, (char*)tp2->t, tp1->len)!=0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * replace ntok tokens starting at dtr->tp with the contents of str.
+ * tp ends up pointing just beyond the replacement.
+ * Canonical whitespace is assured on each side.
+ */
+void
+insertrow(Tokenrow *dtr, int ntok, Tokenrow *str)
+{
+	int nrtok = rowlen(str);
+
+	dtr->tp += ntok;
+	adjustrow(dtr, nrtok-ntok);
+	dtr->tp -= ntok;
+	movetokenrow(dtr, str);
+	makespace(dtr);
+	dtr->tp += nrtok;
+	makespace(dtr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * make sure there is WS before trp->tp, if tokens might merge in the output
+ */
+void
+makespace(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	uchar *tt;
+	Token *tp = trp->tp;
+
+	if (tp >= trp->lp)
+		return;
+	if (tp->wslen) {
+		if (tp->flag&XPWS
+		 && (wstab[tp->type] || (trp->tp>trp->bp && wstab[(tp-1)->type]))) {
+			tp->wslen = 0;
+			return;
+		}
+		tp->t[-1] = ' ';
+		return;
+	}
+	if (wstab[tp->type] || (trp->tp>trp->bp && wstab[(tp-1)->type]))
+		return;
+	tt = newstring(tp->t, tp->len, 1);
+	*tt++ = ' ';
+	tp->t = tt;
+	tp->wslen = 1;
+	tp->flag |= XPWS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy an entire tokenrow into another, at tp.
+ * It is assumed that there is enough space.
+ *  Not strictly conforming.
+ */
+void
+movetokenrow(Tokenrow *dtr, Tokenrow *str)
+{
+	int nby;
+
+	/* nby = sizeof(Token) * (str->lp - str->bp); */
+	nby = (char *)str->lp - (char *)str->bp;
+	memmove(dtr->tp, str->bp, nby);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Move the tokens in a row, starting at tr->tp, rightward by nt tokens;
+ * nt may be negative (left move).
+ * The row may need to be grown.
+ * Non-strictly conforming because of the (char *), but easily fixed
+ */
+void
+adjustrow(Tokenrow *trp, int nt)
+{
+	int nby, size;
+
+	if (nt==0)
+		return;
+	size = (trp->lp - trp->bp) + nt;
+	while (size > trp->max)
+		growtokenrow(trp);
+	/* nby = sizeof(Token) * (trp->lp - trp->tp); */
+	nby = (char *)trp->lp - (char *)trp->tp;
+	if (nby)
+		memmove(trp->tp+nt, trp->tp, nby);
+	trp->lp += nt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy a row of tokens into the destination holder, allocating
+ * the space for the contents.  Return the destination.
+ */
+Tokenrow *
+copytokenrow(Tokenrow *dtr, Tokenrow *str)
+{
+	int len = rowlen(str);
+
+	maketokenrow(len, dtr);
+	movetokenrow(dtr, str);
+	dtr->lp += len;
+	return dtr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Produce a copy of a row of tokens.  Start at trp->tp.
+ * The value strings are copied as well.  The first token
+ * has WS available.
+ */
+Tokenrow *
+normtokenrow(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	Token *tp;
+	Tokenrow *ntrp = new(Tokenrow);
+	int len;
+
+	len = trp->lp - trp->tp;
+	if (len<=0)
+		len = 1;
+	maketokenrow(len, ntrp);
+	for (tp=trp->tp; tp < trp->lp; tp++) {
+		*ntrp->lp = *tp;
+		if (tp->len) {
+			ntrp->lp->t = newstring(tp->t, tp->len, 1);
+			*ntrp->lp->t++ = ' ';
+			if (tp->wslen)
+				ntrp->lp->wslen = 1;
+		}
+		ntrp->lp++;
+	}
+	if (ntrp->lp > ntrp->bp)
+		ntrp->bp->wslen = 0;
+	return ntrp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Debugging
+ */
+void
+peektokens(Tokenrow *trp, char *str)
+{
+	Token *tp;
+
+	tp = trp->tp;
+	flushout();
+	if (str)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s ", str);
+	if (tp<trp->bp || tp>trp->lp)
+		fprintf(stderr, "(tp offset %ld) ", (long int) (tp - trp->bp));
+	for (tp=trp->bp; tp<trp->lp && tp<trp->bp+32; tp++) {
+		if (tp->type!=NL) {
+			int c = tp->t[tp->len];
+			tp->t[tp->len] = 0;
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", tp->t);
+			tp->t[tp->len] = c;
+		}
+		if (tp->type==NAME) {
+			fprintf(stderr, tp==trp->tp?"{*":"{");
+			prhideset(tp->hideset);
+			fprintf(stderr, "} ");
+		} else
+			fprintf(stderr, tp==trp->tp?"{%x*} ":"{%x} ", tp->type);
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+void
+puttokens(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	Token *tp;
+	int len, wlen;
+	uchar *p;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		peektokens(trp, "");
+	tp = trp->bp;
+	for (; tp<trp->lp; tp++) {
+		len = tp->len+tp->wslen;
+		p = tp->t-tp->wslen;
+		while (tp<trp->lp-1 && p+len == (tp+1)->t - (tp+1)->wslen) {
+			tp++;
+			len += tp->wslen+tp->len;
+		}
+		if (len>OBS/2) {		/* handle giant token */
+			if (wbp > wbuf)
+				wlen = write(1, wbuf, wbp-wbuf);
+			wlen = write(1, (char *)p, len);
+			wbp = wbuf;
+		} else {	
+			memcpy(wbp, p, len);
+			wbp += len;
+		}
+		if (wbp >= &wbuf[OBS]) {
+			wlen = write(1, wbuf, OBS);
+			if (wbp > &wbuf[OBS])
+				memcpy(wbuf, wbuf+OBS, wbp - &wbuf[OBS]);
+			wbp -= OBS;
+		}
+	}
+	trp->tp = tp;
+	if (cursource->fd==0)
+		flushout();
+}
+
+void
+flushout(void)
+{
+	int wlen;
+	if (wbp>wbuf) {
+		wlen = write(1, wbuf, wbp-wbuf);
+		wbp = wbuf;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * turn a row into just a newline
+ */
+void
+setempty(Tokenrow *trp)
+{
+	trp->tp = trp->bp;
+	trp->lp = trp->bp+1;
+	*trp->bp = nltoken;
+}
+
+/*
+ * generate a number
+ */
+char *
+outnum(char *p, int n)
+{
+	if (n>=10)
+		p = outnum(p, n/10);
+	*p++ = n%10 + '0';
+	return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate and initialize a new string from s, of length l, at offset o
+ * Null terminated.
+ */
+uchar *
+newstring(uchar *s, int l, int o)
+{
+	uchar *ns = (uchar *)domalloc(l+o+1);
+
+	ns[l+o] = '\0';
+	return (uchar*)strncpy((char*)ns+o, (char*)s, l) - o;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/cpp/unix.c b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/unix.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17986d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/cpp/unix.c
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "cpp.h"
+
+extern	int lcc_getopt(int, char *const *, const char *);
+extern	char	*optarg, rcsid[];
+extern	int	optind;
+int	verbose;
+int	Mflag;	/* only print active include files */
+char	*objname; /* "src.$O: " */
+int	Cplusplus = 1;
+
+void
+setup(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int c, fd, i;
+	char *fp, *dp;
+	Tokenrow tr;
+	extern void setup_kwtab(void);
+	uchar *includeDirs[ NINCLUDE ] = { 0 };
+	int   numIncludeDirs = 0;
+
+	setup_kwtab();
+	while ((c = lcc_getopt(argc, argv, "MNOVv+I:D:U:F:lg")) != -1)
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'N':
+			for (i=0; i<NINCLUDE; i++)
+				if (includelist[i].always==1)
+					includelist[i].deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'I':
+			includeDirs[ numIncludeDirs++ ] = newstring( (uchar *)optarg, strlen( optarg ), 0 );
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+		case 'U':
+			setsource("<cmdarg>", -1, optarg);
+			maketokenrow(3, &tr);
+			gettokens(&tr, 1);
+			doadefine(&tr, c);
+			unsetsource();
+			break;
+		case 'M':
+			Mflag++;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", argv[0], rcsid);
+			break;
+		case 'V':
+			verbose++;
+			break;
+		case '+':
+			Cplusplus++;
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	dp = ".";
+	fp = "<stdin>";
+	fd = 0;
+	if (optind<argc) {
+		dp = basepath( argv[optind] );
+		fp = (char*)newstring((uchar*)argv[optind], strlen(argv[optind]), 0);
+		if ((fd = open(fp, 0)) <= 0)
+			error(FATAL, "Can't open input file %s", fp);
+	}
+	if (optind+1<argc) {
+		int fdo = creat(argv[optind+1], 0666);
+		if (fdo<0)
+			error(FATAL, "Can't open output file %s", argv[optind+1]);
+		dup2(fdo, 1);
+	}
+	if(Mflag)
+		setobjname(fp);
+	includelist[NINCLUDE-1].always = 0;
+	includelist[NINCLUDE-1].file = dp;
+
+	for( i = 0; i < numIncludeDirs; i++ )
+		appendDirToIncludeList( (char *)includeDirs[ i ] );
+
+	setsource(fp, fd, NULL);
+}
+
+
+char *basepath( char *fname )
+{
+	char *dp = ".";
+	char *p;
+	if ((p = strrchr(fname, '/')) != NULL) {
+		int dlen = p - fname;
+		dp = (char*)newstring((uchar*)fname, dlen+1, 0);
+		dp[dlen] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	return dp;
+}
+
+/* memmove is defined here because some vendors don't provide it at
+   all and others do a terrible job (like calling malloc) */
+// -- ouch, that hurts -- ln
+#ifndef MACOS_X   /* always use the system memmove() on Mac OS X. --ryan. */
+#ifdef memmove
+#undef memmove
+#endif
+void *
+memmove(void *dp, const void *sp, size_t n)
+{
+	unsigned char *cdp, *csp;
+
+	if (n<=0)
+		return 0;
+	cdp = dp;
+	csp = (unsigned char *)sp;
+	if (cdp < csp) {
+		do {
+			*cdp++ = *csp++;
+		} while (--n);
+	} else {
+		cdp += n;
+		csp += n;
+		do {
+			*--cdp = *--csp;
+		} while (--n);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/doc/4.html b/src/tools/lcc/doc/4.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c36f280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/doc/4.html
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<link HREF="mailto:drh@microsoft.com" REV="made" TITLE="David R. Hanson">
+<title>The lcc 4.1 Code-Generation Interface</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<h1>The lcc 4.1 Code-Generation Interface</h1>
+
+<p ALIGN="LEFT"><strong><a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~cwfraser/">Christopher
+W. Fraser</a> and <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~drh/">David R. Hanson</a>, <a
+HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Research</a></strong></p>
+
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+
+<dir>
+  <li><a HREF="#intro">Introduction</a> </li>
+  <li><a HREF="#metrics">5.1 Type Metrics</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#symbols">5.3 Symbols</a> </li>
+  <li><a HREF="#operators">5.5 Dag Operators</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#flags">5.6 Interface Flags</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#definitions">5.8 Definitions</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#constants">5.9 Constants</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#upcalls">5.12 Upcalls</a></li>
+</dir>
+
+<h2><a NAME="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
+
+<p>Version 4.1 is the latest release of <a
+HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/">lcc</a>, the ANSI C compiler described in
+our book <cite>A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation</cite>
+(Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-8053-1670-1). This document summarizes the differences
+between the 4.1 code-generation interface and the 3.x interface described in Chap. 5 of <cite>A
+Retargetable C Compiler</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>Previous versions of lcc supported only three sizes of integers, two sizes of floats,
+and insisted that pointers fit in unsigned integers (see Sec. 5.1 of <cite>A Retargetable
+C Compiler</cite>). These assumptions simplified the compiler, and were suitable for
+32-bit architectures. But on 64-bit architectures, such as the DEC ALPHA, it's natural to
+have four sizes of integers and perhaps three sizes of floats, and on 16-bit
+architectures, 32-bit pointers don't fit in unsigned integers. Also, the 3.x constaints
+limited the use of lcc's back ends for other languages, such as Java.</p>
+
+<p>Version 4.x removes all of these restrictions: It supports any number of sizes for
+integers and floats, and the size of pointers need not be related to the size of any of
+the integer types. The major changes in the code-generation interface are: 
+
+<ul>
+  <li>The number of type suffixes has been reduced to 6.</li>
+  <li>Dag operators are composed of a generic operator, a type suffix, and a size.</li>
+  <li>Unsigned variants of several operators have been added.</li>
+  <li>Several interface functions have new signatures.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>In addition, version 4.x is written in ANSI C and uses the standard I/O library and
+other standard C functions.</p>
+
+<p>The sections below parallel the subsections of Chap. 5 of <cite>A Retargetable C
+Compiler</cite> and summarize the differences between the 3.x and 4.x code-generation
+interface. Unaffected subsections are omitted. Page citations refer to pages in <cite>A
+Retargetable C Compiler</cite>.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="metrics">5.1 Type Metrics</a></h2>
+
+<p>There are now 10 metrics in an interface record:</p>
+
+<pre>Metrics charmetric;
+Metrics shortmetric;
+Metrics intmetric;
+Metrics longmetric;
+Metrics longlongmetric;
+Metrics floatmetric;
+Metrics doublemetric;
+Metrics longdoublemetric;
+Metrics ptrmetric;
+Metrics structmetric;</pre>
+
+<p>Each of these specifies the size and alignment of the corresponding type. <code>ptrmetric</code>
+describes all pointers.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="symbols">5.3 Symbols</a></h2>
+
+<p>The actual value of a constant is stored in the <code>u.c.v</code> field of a symbol,
+which holds a <code>Value</code>:</p>
+
+<pre>typedef union value {
+	long i;
+	unsigned long u;
+	long double d;
+	void *p;
+	void (*g)(void);
+} Value;</pre>
+
+<p>The value is stored in the appropriate field according to its type, which is given by
+the symbol's <code>type</code> field.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="operators">5.5 Dag Operators</a></h2>
+
+<p>The <code>op</code> field a of <code>node</code> structure holds a dag operator, which
+consists of a generic operator, a type suffix, and a size indicator. The type suffixes
+are:</p>
+
+<pre>enum {
+	F=FLOAT,
+	I=INT,
+	U=UNSIGNED,
+	P=POINTER,
+	V=VOID,
+	B=STRUCT
+};
+
+#define sizeop(n) ((n)&lt;&lt;10)</pre>
+
+<p>Given a generic operator <code>o</code>, a type suffix <code>t</code>, and a size <code>s</code>,
+a type- and size-specific operator is formed by <code>o+t+sizeop(s)</code>. For example, <code>ADD+F+sizeop(4)</code>
+forms the operator <code>ADDF4</code>, which denotes the sum of two 4-byte floats.
+Similarly, <code>ADD+F+sizeop(8)</code> forms <code>ADDF8</code>, which denotes 8-byte
+floating addition. In the 3.x code-generation interface, <code>ADDF</code> and <code>ADDD</code>
+denoted these operations. There was no size indicator in the 3.x operators because the
+type suffix supplied both a type and a size.</p>
+
+<p>Table 5.1 lists each generic operator, its valid type suffixes, and the number of <code>kids</code>
+and <code>syms</code> that it uses; multiple values for <code>kids</code> indicate
+type-specific variants. The notations in the <strong>syms</strong> column give the number
+of <code>syms</code> values and a one-letter code that suggests their uses: 1V indicates
+that <code>syms[0]</code> points to a symbol for a variable, 1C indicates that <code>syms[0]</code>
+is a constant, and 1L indicates that <code>syms[0]</code> is a label. For 1S, <code>syms[0]</code>
+is a constant whose value is a size in bytes; 2S adds <code>syms[1]</code>, which is a
+constant whose value is an alignment. For most operators, the type suffix and size
+indicator denote the type and size of operation to perform and the type and size of the
+result.</p>
+
+<table WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="CENTER"><strong>Table 5.1<img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif"
+    ALT="|" WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="1">Node Operators.</strong></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><strong>syms</strong></td>
+    <td><strong>kids</strong></td>
+    <td><strong>Operator</strong></td>
+    <td><strong>Type Suffixes</strong></td>
+    <td><strong>Sizes</strong></td>
+    <td><strong>Operation</strong></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1V</td>
+    <td>0</td>
+    <td><code>ADDRF</code></td>
+    <td><code>...P..</code></td>
+    <td>p</td>
+    <td>address of a parameter</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1V</td>
+    <td>0</td>
+    <td><code>ADDRG</code></td>
+    <td><code>...P..</code></td>
+    <td>p</td>
+    <td>address of a global</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1V</td>
+    <td>0</td>
+    <td><code>ADDRL</code></td>
+    <td><code>...P..</code></td>
+    <td>p</td>
+    <td>address of a local</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1C</td>
+    <td>0</td>
+    <td><code>CNST</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUP..</code></td>
+    <td>fdx csilh p</td>
+    <td>constant</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+    <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="12"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>BCOM</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>bitwise complement</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1S</td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>CVF</code></td>
+    <td><code>FI....</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh</td>
+    <td>convert from float</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1S</td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>CVI</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx csilh csilhp</td>
+    <td>convert from signed integer</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1S</td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>CVP</code></td>
+    <td><code>..U..</code></td>
+    <td>p</td>
+    <td>convert from pointer</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1S</td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>CVU</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IUP..</code></td>
+    <td>csilh p</td>
+    <td>convert from unsigned integer</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>INDIR</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUP.B</code></td>
+    <td>fdx csilh p</td>
+    <td>fetch</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>NEG</code></td>
+    <td><code>FI....</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh</td>
+    <td>negation</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="12"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>ADD</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUP..</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp p</td>
+    <td>addition</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>BAND</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>bitwise AND</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>BOR</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>bitwise inclusive OR</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>BXOR</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>bitwise exclusive OR</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>DIV</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh</td>
+    <td>division</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>LSH</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>left shift</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>MOD</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>modulus</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>MUL</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh</td>
+    <td>multiplication</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>RSH</code></td>
+    <td><code>.IU...</code></td>
+    <td>ilh</td>
+    <td>right shift</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>SUB</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUP..</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp p</td>
+    <td>subtraction</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="12"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>2S</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>ASGN</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUP.B</code></td>
+    <td>fdx csilh p</td>
+    <td>assignment</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>EQ</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp</td>
+    <td>jump if equal</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>GE</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp</td>
+    <td>jump if greater than or equal</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>GT</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp</td>
+    <td>jump if greater than</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>LE</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp</td>
+    <td>jump if less than or equal</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>LT</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp</td>
+    <td>jump if less than</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td><code>NE</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIU...</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh ilhp</td>
+    <td>jump if not equal</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>2S</td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>ARG</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUP.B</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh p</td>
+    <td>argument</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td>1 or 2</td>
+    <td><code>CALL</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUPVB</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh p</td>
+    <td>function call</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>RET</code></td>
+    <td><code>FIUPV.</code></td>
+    <td>fdx ilh p</td>
+    <td>return from function</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="12"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td><code>JUMP</code></td>
+    <td><code>....V.</code></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>unconditional jump</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1L</td>
+    <td>0</td>
+    <td><code>LABEL</code></td>
+    <td><code>....V.</code></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>label definition</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The entries in the <strong>Sizes</strong> column indicate sizes of the operators that
+back ends must implement. Letters denote the size of float (f), double (d), long double
+(x), character (c), short integer (s), integer (i), long integer (l), &quot;long
+long&quot; integer (h) , and pointer (p). These sizes are separated into sets for each
+type suffix, except that a single set is used for both I and U when the set for I is
+identical to the set for U.</p>
+
+<p>The actual values for the size indicators, fdxcsilhp, depend on the target. A
+specification like <code>ADDF</code>f denotes the operator <code>ADD+F+sizeop(</code>f<code>)</code>,
+where &quot;f&quot; is replaced by a target-dependent value, e.g., <code>ADDF4</code> and <code>ADDF8</code>.
+For example, back ends must implement the following <code>CVI</code> and <code>MUL</code>
+operators.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <p><code>CVIF</code>f <code>CVIF</code>d <code>CVIF</code>x<br>
+  <code>CVII</code>c <code>CVII</code>s <code>CVII</code>i <code>CVII</code>l <code>CVII</code>h<br>
+  <code>CVIU</code>c <code>CVIU</code>s <code>CVIU</code>i <code>CVIU</code>l <code>CVIU</code>h
+  <code>CVIU</code>p<br>
+  <br>
+  <code>MULF</code>f <code>MULF</code>d <code>MULF</code>x<br>
+  <code>MULI</code>i <code>MULI</code>l <code>MULI</code>h<br>
+  <code>MULU</code>i <code>MULU</code>l <code>MULU</code>h</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On most platforms, there are fewer than three sizes of floats and six sizes of
+integers, and pointers are usually the same size as one of the integers. And lcc doesn't
+support the &quot;long long&quot; type, so h is not currently used. So the set of
+platform-specific operators is usually smaller than the list above suggests. For example,
+the X86, SPARC, and MIPS back ends implement the following <code>CVI</code> and <code>MUL</code>
+operators.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <p><code>CVIF</code>4 <code>CVIF</code>8<br>
+  <code>CVII</code>1 <code>CVII</code>2 <code>CVII</code>4<br>
+  <code>CVIU</code>1 <code>CVIU</code>2 <code>CVIU</code>4 <br>
+  <br>
+  <code>MULF</code>4 <code>MULF</code>8<br>
+  <code>MULI</code>4<br>
+  <code>MULU</code>4</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The set of operators is thus target-dependent; for example, <code>ADDI8</code> appears
+only if the target supports an 8-byte integer type. <a
+HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/packages/lcc/contrib/ops.c"><code>ops.c</code></a> is
+a program that, given a set of sizes, prints the required operators and their values,
+e.g.,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% <em>ops c=1 s=2 i=4 l=4 h=4 f=4 d=8 x=8 p=4</em>
+...
+ CVIF4=4225 CVIF8=8321
+ CVII1=1157 CVII2=2181 CVII4=4229
+ CVIU1=1158 CVIU2=2182 CVIU4=4230
+...
+ MULF4=4561 MULF8=8657
+ MULI4=4565
+ MULU4=4566
+...
+131 operators</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The type suffix for a conversion operator denotes the type of the result and the size
+indicator gives the size of the result. For example, <code>CVUI4</code> converts an
+unsigned (<code>U</code>) to a 4-byte signed integer (<code>I4</code>). The <code>syms[0]</code>
+field points to a symbol-table entry for a integer constant that gives the size of the
+source operand. For example, if <code>syms[0]</code> in a <code>CVUI4</code> points to a
+symbol-table entry for 2, the conversion widens a 2-byte unsigned integer to a 4-byte
+signed integer. Conversions that widen unsigned integers zero-extend; those that widen
+signed integers sign-extend.</p>
+
+<p>The front end composes conversions between types <em>T</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>
+by widening <em>T</em><sub>1</sub> to its &quot;supertype&quot;, if necessary, converting
+that result to <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>'s supertype, then narrowing the result to <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>,
+if necessary. The following table lists the supertypes; omitted entries are their own
+supertypes.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <table BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0">
+    <tr>
+      <td><strong>Type</strong></td>
+      <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="1"></td>
+      <td><strong>Supertype</strong></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>signed char</td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>int</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>signed short</td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>int</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+      <td>unsigned char</td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>int, if sizeof (char) &lt; sizeof (int)<br>
+      unsigned, otherwise</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+      <td>unsigned short</td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>int, if sizeof (short) &lt; sizeof (int)<br>
+      unsigned, otherwise</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+      <td>void *</td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>an unsigned type as large as a pointer</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Pointers are converted to an unsigned type of the same size, even when that type is not
+one of the integer types.</p>
+
+<p>For example, the front end converts a signed short to a float by first converting it to
+an int and then to a float. It converts an unsigned short to an int with a single <code>CVUI</code>i
+conversion, when shorts are smaller than ints.</p>
+
+<p>There are now signed and unsigned variants of <code>ASGN</code>, <code>INDIR</code>, <code>BCOM</code>,
+<code>BOR</code>, <code>BXOR</code>, <code>BAND</code>, <code>ARG</code>, <code>CALL</code>,
+and <code>RET</code> to simplify code generation on platforms that use different
+instructions or register set for signed and unsigned operations. Likewise there are now
+pointer variants of <code>ASGN</code>, <code>INDIR</code>, <code>ARG</code>, <code>CALL</code>,
+and <code>RET</code>.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="flags">5.6 Interface Flags</a></h2>
+
+<pre>unsigned unsigned_char:1;</pre>
+
+<p>tells the front end whether plain characters are signed or unsigned. If it's zero, char
+is a signed type; otherwise, char is an unsigned type.</p>
+
+<p>All the interface flags can be set by command-line options, e.g., <code>-Wf-unsigned_char=1</code>
+causes plain characters to be unsigned.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="definitions">5.8 Definitions</a></h2>
+
+<p>The front end announces local variables by calling</p>
+
+<pre>void (*local)(Symbol);</pre>
+
+<p>It announces temporaries likewise; these have the symbol's <code>temporary</code> flag
+set, which indicates that the symbol will be used only in the next call to <code>gen</code>.
+If a temporary's <code>u.t.cse</code> field is nonnull, it points to the node that
+computes the value assigned to the temporary; see page 346.</p>
+
+<p>The front end calls</p>
+
+<pre>void (*address)(Symbol p, Symbol q, long n);</pre>
+
+<p>to initialize <code>q</code> to a symbol that represents an address of the form <em>x</em>+<code>n</code>,
+where <em>x</em> is the address represented by <code>p</code> and the long integer <code>n</code>
+is positive or negative.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="constants">5.9 Constants</a></h2>
+
+<p>The interface function</p>
+
+<pre>void (*defconst)(int suffix, int size, Value v);</pre>
+
+<p>initializes constants. defconst emits directives to define a cell and initialize it to
+a constant value. v is the constant value, suffix identifies the type of the value, and
+size is the size of the value in bytes. The value of suffix indicates which field of v
+holds the value, as shown in the following table.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <table BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1">
+    <tr>
+      <td><strong>suffix</strong></td>
+      <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="1"></td>
+      <td><strong>v Field</strong></td>
+      <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="1"></td>
+      <td><strong>size</strong></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>F</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>v.d</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>float, double, long double</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>I</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>v.i</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>signed char, signed short, signed int, signed long</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>U</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>v.u</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>unsigned char, unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>P</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>v.p</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>void *</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><code>defconst</code> must narrow <code>v.</code>x when <code>size</code> is less than <code>sizeof</code>
+<code>v.</code>x; e.g., to emit an unsigned char, <code>defconst</code> should emit <code>(unsigned
+char)v.i</code>.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="upcalls">5.12 Upcalls</a></h2>
+
+<p>lcc 4.x uses standard I/O and its I/O functions have been changed accordingly. lcc
+reads input from the standard input, emits code to the standard output, and writes
+diagnostics to the standard error output. It uses <code>freopen</code> to redirect these
+streams to explicit files, when necessary.</p>
+
+<p><code>bp</code>, <code>outflush</code>, and <code>outs</code> have been eliminated.</p>
+
+<pre>extern void fprint(FILE *f, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern void  print(const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>print formatted data to file <code>f</code> (<code>fprint</code>) or the standard
+output (<code>print</code>). These functions are like standard C's <code>printf</code> and
+<code>fprintf</code>, but support only some of the standard conversion specifiers and do
+not support flags, precision, and field-width specifications. They support the following
+new conversion specifiers in addition to those described on page 99.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <table BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0">
+    <tr>
+      <td><strong>Specifiers</strong></td>
+      <td><img SRC="/~drh/resources/dot_clear.gif" ALT="|" WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="1"></td>
+      <td><strong>Corresponding printf Specifiers</strong></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>%c</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>%c</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>%d %D</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>%d %ld</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>%u %U</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>%u %lu</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>%x %X</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>%x %lx</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>%f %e %g</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td><code>%e %f %g</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+      <td><code>%p</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>Converts the corresponding void * argument to unsigned long and prints it with the <code>printf</code>
+      <code>%#x</code> specifier or just <code>%x</code> when the argument is null.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+      <td><code>%I</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>Prints the number of spaces given by the corresponding argument.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</blockquote>
+
+<pre>#define generic(op)  ((op)&amp;0x3F0)
+#define specific(op) ((op)&amp;0x3FF)</pre>
+
+<p><code>generic(op)</code> returns the generic variant of <code>op</code>; that is,
+without its type suffix and size indicator. <code>specific(op)</code> returns the
+type-specific variant of <code>op</code>; that is, without its size indicator.</p>
+
+<p><code>newconst</code> has been replaced by</p>
+
+<pre>extern Symbol intconst(int n);</pre>
+
+<p>which installs the integer constant <code>n</code> in the symbol table, if necessary,
+and returns a pointer to the symbol-table entry.</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<address>
+  <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~cwfraser/">Chris Fraser</a> / <a
+  HREF="mailto:cwfraser@microsoft.com">cwfraser@microsoft.com</a><br>
+  <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~drh/">David Hanson</a> / <a
+  HREF="mailto:drh@microsoft.com">drh@microsoft.com</a><br>
+  $Revision: 145 $ $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $ 
+</address>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/doc/bprint.1 b/src/tools/lcc/doc/bprint.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cf9971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/doc/bprint.1
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+.\" $Id: bprint.1 145 2001-10-17 21:53:10Z timo $
+.TH BPRINT 1 "local \- $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $"
+.SH NAME
+bprint \- expression profiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B bprint
+[
+.I option ...
+]
+[
+.I file ...
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I bprint
+produces on the standard output a listing of the programs compiled by
+.I lcc
+with the
+.B \-b
+option.
+Executing an
+.B a.out
+so compiled appends profiling data to
+.BR prof.out .
+The first token of each expression in the listing is preceded
+by the number of times it was executed
+enclosed in angle brackets as determined from the data in
+.BR prof.out .
+.I bprint
+interprets the following options.
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Compress the
+.B prof.out
+file, which otherwise grows with every execution of
+.BR a.out .
+.TP
+.B \-b
+Print an annotated listing as described above.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Include line numbers in the listing.
+.TP
+.B \-f
+Print only the number of invocations of each function.
+A second
+.B \-f
+summarizes call sites instead of callers.
+.TP
+.BI \-I \*Sdir
+specifies additional directories in which to seek
+files given in
+.B prof.out
+that do not begin with `/'.
+.PP
+If any file names are given, only the requested data for those files are printed
+in the order presented.
+If no options are given,
+.B \-b
+is assumed.
+.SH FILES
+.PP
+.ta \w'$LCCDIR/liblcc.{a,lib}XX'u
+.nf
+prof.out	profiling data
+$LCCDIR/liblcc.{a,lib}	\fIlcc\fP-specific library
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR lcc (1), 
+.IR prof (1)
+.SH BUGS
+Macros and comments can confuse
+.I bprint
+because it uses post-expansion source coordinates
+to annotate pre-expansion source files.
+If
+.I bprint
+sees that it's about to print a statement count
+.I inside
+a number or identifier, it moves the count to just
+.I before
+the token.
+.PP
+Can't cope with an ill-formed
+.BR prof.out .
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/doc/bprint.pdf b/src/tools/lcc/doc/bprint.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b11963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/doc/bprint.pdf
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/doc/install.html b/src/tools/lcc/doc/install.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cc59a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/doc/install.html
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<link HREF="mailto:drh@cs.princeton.edu" REV="made" TITLE="David R. Hanson">
+<title>Installing lcc</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<h1>Installing lcc</h1>
+
+<p ALIGN="LEFT"><strong><a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~cwfraser/">Christopher
+W. Fraser</a> and <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~drh/">David R. Hanson</a>, <a
+HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Research</a></strong></p>
+
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+
+<dir>
+  <li><a HREF="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#unix">Installation on UNIX</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#driver">Building the Driver</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#rcc">Building the Compiler and Accessories</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#win32">Installation on Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 95/98</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li>
+  <li><a HREF="#mailinglist">Keeping in Touch</a></li>
+</dir>
+
+<h2><a NAME="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
+
+<p><a HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/">lcc</a> is the ANSI C compiler
+described in our book <cite>A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation</cite>
+(Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-8053-1670-1).</p>
+
+<p>If you're installing lcc on a UNIX system, read the remainder of this section and
+continue with the next section. If you're installing lcc on a Windows NT 4.0 or Windows
+95/98 system, and you intend only to <u>use</u> lcc, you can run the <a
+href="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/packages/lcc/lcc41.exe">InstallShield executable</a>,
+which installs the binaries and the documentation. If you want to <u>modify</u> lcc or <u>rebuild</u>
+it from the source files, you need the <a
+href="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/packages/lcc/lcc41.zip">complete distribution</a>, and
+you should read the rest of the section, the following three sections, and the <a
+HREF="#win32">Windows NT/95/98</a> section.</p>
+
+<p>Extract the distribution into its own directory. All non-absolute paths below are
+relative to this directory. The distribution holds the following subdirectories.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <table BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="80%">
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../src"><code>src</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>source code</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../etc"><code>etc</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>driver, accessories</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../lib"><code>lib</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>runtime library source code</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../cpp"><code>cpp</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>preprocessor source code</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../lburg"><code>lburg</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>code-generator generator source code</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../doc"><code>doc</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>this document, man pages</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code><a HREF="../include">include</a>/*/*</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>include files</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><a HREF="../tst"><code>tst</code></a></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>test suite</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code><a HREF="../alpha">alpha</a>/*/tst</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>ALPHA test outputs</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code><a HREF="../mips">mips</a>/*/tst</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>MIPS test outputs</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code><a HREF="../sparc">sparc</a>/*/tst</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>SPARC test outputs</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code><a HREF="../x86">x86</a>/*/tst</code></td>
+      <td></td>
+      <td>X86 test outputs</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><code>doc/install.html</code> is the HTML file for this document. <a HREF="4.html"><code>doc/4.html</code></a>
+describes the internal differences between lcc 3.x and 4.1.</p>
+
+<p>The installation makefile is designed so that lcc can be installed from a read-only
+file system or directory, which is common in networked environments, so the distribution
+can be unloaded on a central file server. <strong>You will need an existing ANSI/ISO C
+compiler to build and install lcc.</strong></p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="unix">Installation on UNIX</a></h2>
+
+<p>The compilation components (the preprocessor, include files, and compiler proper, etc.)
+are installed in a single <em>build directory</em>. On multi-platform systems supported by
+a central file server, it's common to store the build directory in a location specific to
+the platform and to the version of lcc, and to point a symbolic link to this location. For
+example,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% ln -s /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>points <code>/usr/local/lib/lcc</code> to a build directory for lcc version 4.1 on the
+SPARC under Solaris. Links into <code>/usr/local/lib</code> are created for the programs <code>lcc</code>
+and <code>bprint</code>. Thus, a new distribution can be installed by building it in its
+own build directory and changing one symbolic link to point to that directory. If these
+conventions or their equivalents are followed, the host-specific parts of the driver
+program, <code>lcc</code>, can be used unmodified.</p>
+
+<p>Installation on a UNIX system involves the following steps. Below, the build directory
+is referred to as <code>BUILDDIR</code>. 
+
+<ol>
+  <li>Create the build directory, using a version- and platform-specific naming convention as
+    suggested above, and record the name of this directory in the <code>BUILDDIR</code>
+    environment variable:<blockquote>
+      <pre>% setenv BUILDDIR /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris
+% mkdir -p $BUILDDIR</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>Here and below, commands assume the C shell. Also, you'll need a version of <code>mkdir</code>
+    that supports the <code>-p</code> option, which creates intermediate directories as
+    necessary.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li>Copy the man pages to the repository for local man pages, e.g.,<blockquote>
+      <pre>% cp doc/*.1 /usr/local/man/man1</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>Some users copy the man pages to the build directory and create the appropriate
+    symbolic links, e.g., </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <pre>% cp doc/*.1 $BUILDDIR
+% ln -s $BUILDDIR/*.1 /usr/local/man/man1</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+  </li>
+  <li>Platform-specific include files are in directories named <code>include/</code><em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>.
+    Create the include directory in the build directory, and copy the include hierarchy for
+    your platform to this directory, e.g.,<blockquote>
+      <pre>% mkdir $BUILDDIR/include
+% cp -p -R include/sparc/solaris/* $BUILDDIR/include</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>Again, some users create a symbolic link to the appropriate directory in the
+    distribution instead of copying the include files. For example, at Princeton, the
+    distributions are stored under <code>/proj/pkg/lcc</code>, so the included files are
+    &quot;installed&quot; by creating one symbolic link: </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <pre>% ln -s /proj/pkg/lcc/4.1/include/sparc/solaris $BUILDDIR/include</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>If you're installing lcc on Linux, you <em>must</em> also plant a symbolic link named <code>gcc</code>
+    to gcc's library directory, because lcc uses gcc's C preprocessor and most of gcc's header
+    files:</p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <pre>% ln -s /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2.2 $BUILDDIR/gcc</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>The library directory shown above may be different on your Linux machine; to determine
+    the correct directory, browse <code>/usr/lib/gcc-lib</code>, or execute</p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <pre>% cc -v tst/8q.c</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>and examine the diagnostic output. Make sure that <code>$BUILDDIR/gcc/cpp</code> and <code>$BUILDDIR/gcc/include</code>
+    point to, respectively, gcc's C preprocessor and header files. On Linux, lcc looks for
+    include files in <code>$BUILDDIR/include</code>, <code>$BUILDDIR/gcc/include</code>, and <code>/usr/include</code>,
+    in that order; see <a HREF="#driver"><em>Building the Driver</em></a> and <a
+    href="../etc/linux.c"><code>etc/linux.c</code></a> for details.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li>The <a HREF="../makefile"><code>makefile</code></a> includes the file named by the <code>CUSTOM</code>
+    macro; the default is <code>custom.mk</code>, and an empty <code>custom.mk</code> is
+    included in the distribution. If desired, prepare a site-specification customization file
+    and define <code>CUSTOM</code> to the path of that file when invoking make in steps 5 and
+    6, e.g.,<blockquote>
+      <pre>make CUSTOM=/users/drh/solaris.mk</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>You can, for example, use customization files to record site-specific values for macros
+    instead of using environment variables, and to record targets for the steps in this list.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li>Build the host-specific driver, creating a custom host-specific part, if necessary. See <a
+    HREF="#driver"><em>Building the Driver</em></a>.</li>
+  <li>Build the preprocessor, compiler proper, library, and other accessories. See <a
+    HREF="#rcc"><em>Building the Compiler</em></a>.</li>
+  <li>Plant symbolic links to the build directory and to the installed programs, e.g.,<blockquote>
+      <pre>% ln -s $BUILDDIR /usr/local/lib/lcc
+% ln -s /usr/local/lib/{lcc,bprint} /usr/local/bin</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>Some users copy <code>bprint</code> and <code>lcc</code> into <code>/usr/local/bin</code>
+    instead of creating symbolic links. The advantange of creating the links for <code>lcc</code>
+    and <code>bprint</code> as shown is that, once established, they point indirectly to
+    whatever <code>/usr/local/lib/lcc</code> points to; installing a new version of lcc, say,
+    4.2, can be done by changing <code>/usr/local/lib/lcc</code> to point to the 4.2 build
+    directory.</p>
+  </li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2><a NAME="driver">Building the Driver</a></h2>
+
+<p>The preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and loader are invoked by a driver program, <code>lcc</code>,
+which is similar to <code>cc</code> on most systems. It's described in the man page <code>doc/lcc.1</code>.
+The driver is built by combining the host-independent part, <a href="../etc/lcc.c"><code>etc/lcc.c</code></a>,
+with a small host-specific part. Distributed host-specific parts are named <code>etc/</code><em>os</em><code>.c</code>,
+where <em>os</em> is the name of the operating system for the host on which <code>lcc</code>
+is being installed. If you're following the installations conventions described above, you
+can probably use one of the host-specific parts unmodified; otherwise, pick one that is
+closely related to your platform, copy it to <em>whatever</em><code>.c</code>, and edit it
+as described below. You should not have to edit <code>etc/lcc.c</code>.</p>
+
+<p>We'll use <a HREF="../etc/solaris.c"><code>etc/solaris.c</code></a> as an example in
+describing how the host-specific part works. This example illustrates all the important
+features. Make sure you have the environment variable <code>BUILDDIR</code> set correctly,
+and build the driver with a <code>make</code> command, e.g.,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% make HOSTFILE=etc/solaris.c lcc
+cc -g -c -DTEMPDIR=\&quot;/tmp\&quot; -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc.o etc/lcc.c
+cc -g -c -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/host.o etc/solaris.c
+cc -g -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc.o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/host.o</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The symbolic name <code>HOSTFILE</code> specifies the path to the host-specific part,
+either one in the distribution or <em>whatever</em><code>.c</code>. Some versions of make
+may require the <code>-e</code> option in order to read the environment.</p>
+
+<p>Here's <code>etc/solaris.c</code>:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>/* Sparcs running Solaris 2.5.1 at CS Dept., Princeton University */
+
+#include &lt;string.h&gt;
+
+static char rcsid[] = &quot;$ Id: solaris.c,v 1.10 1998/09/14 20:36:33 drh Exp $&quot;;
+
+#ifndef LCCDIR
+#define LCCDIR &quot;/usr/local/lib/lcc/&quot;
+#endif
+#ifndef SUNDIR
+#define SUNDIR &quot;/opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/&quot;
+#endif
+
+char *suffixes[] = { &quot;.c&quot;, &quot;.i&quot;, &quot;.s&quot;, &quot;.o&quot;, &quot;.out&quot;, 0 };
+char inputs[256] = &quot;&quot;;
+char *cpp[] = { LCCDIR &quot;cpp&quot;,
+	&quot;-D__STDC__=1&quot;, &quot;-Dsparc&quot;, &quot;-D__sparc__&quot;, &quot;-Dsun&quot;, &quot;-D__sun__&quot;, &quot;-Dunix&quot;,
+	&quot;$1&quot;, &quot;$2&quot;, &quot;$3&quot;, 0 };
+char *include[] = { &quot;-I&quot; LCCDIR &quot;include&quot;, &quot;-I/usr/local/include&quot;,
+	&quot;-I/usr/include&quot;, 0 };
+char *com[] = { LCCDIR &quot;rcc&quot;, &quot;-target=sparc/solaris&quot;,
+	&quot;$1&quot;, &quot;$2&quot;, &quot;$3&quot;, 0 };
+char *as[] = { &quot;/usr/ccs/bin/as&quot;, &quot;-Qy&quot;, &quot;-s&quot;, &quot;-o&quot;, &quot;$3&quot;, &quot;$1&quot;, &quot;$2&quot;, 0 };
+char *ld[] = { &quot;/usr/ccs/bin/ld&quot;, &quot;-o&quot;, &quot;$3&quot;, &quot;$1&quot;,
+	SUNDIR &quot;crti.o&quot;, SUNDIR &quot;crt1.o&quot;,
+	SUNDIR &quot;values-xa.o&quot;, &quot;$2&quot;, &quot;&quot;,
+	&quot;-Y&quot;, &quot;P,&quot; SUNDIR &quot;:/usr/ccs/lib:/usr/lib&quot;, &quot;-Qy&quot;,
+	&quot;-L&quot; LCCDIR, &quot;-llcc&quot;, &quot;-lm&quot;, &quot;-lc&quot;, SUNDIR &quot;crtn.o&quot;, 0 };
+
+extern char *concat(char *, char *);
+
+int option(char *arg) {
+	if (strncmp(arg, &quot;-lccdir=&quot;, 8) == 0) {
+		cpp[0] = concat(&amp;arg[8], &quot;/cpp&quot;);
+		include[0] = concat(&quot;-I&quot;, concat(&amp;arg[8], &quot;/include&quot;));
+		ld[12] = concat(&quot;-L&quot;, &amp;arg[8]);
+		com[0] = concat(&amp;arg[8], &quot;/rcc&quot;);
+	} else if (strcmp(arg, &quot;-p&quot;) == 0) {
+		ld[5] = SUNDIR &quot;mcrt1.o&quot;;
+		ld[10] = &quot;P,&quot; SUNDIR &quot;libp:/usr/ccs/lib/libp:/usr/lib/libp:&quot;
+			 SUNDIR &quot;:/usr/ccs/lib:/usr/lib&quot;;
+	} else if (strcmp(arg, &quot;-b&quot;) == 0)
+		;
+	else if (strncmp(arg, &quot;-ld=&quot;, 4) == 0)
+		ld[0] = &amp;arg[4];
+	else
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><code>LCCDIR</code> defaults to <code>&quot;/usr/local/lib/lcc/&quot;</code> unless
+it's defined by a <code>-D</code> option as part of <code>CFLAGS</code> in the make
+command, e.g.,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% make HOSTFILE=etc/solaris.c CFLAGS='-DLCCDIR=\&quot;/v/lib/lcc/\&quot;' lcc</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Note the trailing slash; <code>SUNDIR</code> is provided so you can use <code>etc/solaris.c</code>
+even if you have a different version of the Sun Pro compiler suite. If you're using the
+gcc compiler tools instead of the Sun Pro tools, see <a HREF="../etc/gcc-solaris.c"><code>etc/gcc-solaris.c</code></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Most of the host-specific code is platform-specific data and templates for the commands
+that invoke the preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and loader. The <code>suffixes</code>
+array lists the file name suffixes for C source files, preprocessed source files, assembly
+language source files, object files, and executable files. <code>suffixes</code> must be
+terminated with a null pointer, as shown above. The initialization of <code>suffixes</code>
+in <code><a HREF="../etc/solaris.c">etc/solaris.c</a></code> are the typical ones for UNIX
+systems. Each element of <code>suffixes</code> is actually a list of suffixes, separated
+by semicolons; <code><a HREF="../etc/win32.c">etc/win32.c</a></code> holds an example:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>char *suffixes[] = { &quot;.c;.C&quot;, &quot;.i;.I&quot;, &quot;.asm;.ASM;.s;.S&quot;, &quot;.obj;.OBJ&quot;, &quot;.exe&quot;, 0 };</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a list is given, the first suffix is used whenever lcc needs to generate a file
+name. For example, with <code><a HREF="../etc/win32.c">etc/win32.c</a></code>, lcc emits
+the generated assembly code into <code>.asm</code> files.</p>
+
+<p>The <code>inputs</code> array holds a null-terminated string of directories separated
+by colons or semicolons. These are used as the default value of <code>LCCINPUTS</code>, if
+the environment variable <code>LCCINPUTS</code> is not set; see the <a HREF="lcc.pdf">man
+page</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Each command template is an array of pointers to strings terminated with a null
+pointer; the strings are full path names of commands, arguments, or argument placeholders,
+which are described below. Commands are executed in a child process, and templates can
+contain multiple commands by separating commands with newlines. The driver runs each
+command in a new process.</p>
+
+<p>The <code>cpp</code> array gives the command for running lcc's preprocessor, <code>cpp</code>.
+Literal arguments specified in templates, e.g., <code>&quot;-Dsparc&quot;</code> in the <code>cpp</code>
+command above, are passed to the command as given.</p>
+
+<p>The strings <code>&quot;$1&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;$2&quot;</code>, and <code>&quot;$3&quot;</code>
+in templates are placeholders for <em>lists</em> of arguments that are substituted in a
+copy of the template before the command is executed. <code>$1</code> is replaced by the <em>options</em>
+specified by the user; for the preprocessor, this list always contains at least <code>-D__LCC__</code>.
+<code>$2</code> is replaced by the <em>input</em> files, and <code>$3</code> is replaced
+by the <em>output</em> file.</p>
+
+<p>Zero-length arguments after replacement are removed from the argument list before the
+command is invoked. So, for example, if the preprocessor is invoked without an output
+file, <code>&quot;$3&quot;</code> becomes <code>&quot;&quot;</code>, which is removed from
+the final argument list.</p>
+
+<p>The <code>include</code> array is a list of <code>-I</code> options that specify which
+directives should be searched to satisfy include directives. These directories are
+searched in the order given. The first directory should be the one to which the ANSI
+header files were copied as described in <a HREF="#unix">UNIX</a> or <a HREF="#win32">Windows</a>
+installation instructions. The driver adds these options to <code>cpp</code>'s arguments
+when it invokes the preprocessor, except when <code>-N</code> is specified.</p>
+
+<p><code>com</code> gives the command for invoking the compiler. This template can appear
+as shown above in a custom host-specific part, but the option <code>-target=sparc/solaris</code>
+should be edited to the <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em> for your platform. If <code>com[1]</code>
+includes the string &quot;<code>win32</code>&quot;, the driver assumes it's running on
+Windows. lcc can generate code for <em>all</em> of the <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>
+combinations listed in the file <code>src/bind.c</code>. The <code>-target</code> option
+specifies the default combination. The driver's <code>-Wf</code> option can be used to
+specify other combinations; the <a HREF="lcc.pdf">man page</a> elaborates.</p>
+
+<p><code>as</code> gives the command for invoking the assembler. On Linux, you must be
+running at least version 2.8.1 of the GNU assembler; earlier versions mis-assemble some
+instructions emitted by lcc.</p>
+
+<p><code>ld</code> gives the command for invoking the loader. For the other commands, the
+list <code>$2</code> contains a single file; for <code>ld</code>, <code>$2</code> contains
+all &quot;.o&quot; files and libraries, and <code>$3</code> is <code>a.out</code>, unless
+the <code>-o</code> option is specified. As suggested in the code above, <code>ld</code>
+must also specify the appropriate startup code and default libraries, including the lcc
+library, <code>liblcc.a</code>.</p>
+
+<p>The <code>option</code> function is described below; the minimal <code>option</code>
+function just returns 0.</p>
+
+<p>You can test <code>lcc</code> with the options <code>-v -v</code> to display the
+commands that would be executed, e.g.,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% $BUILDDIR/lcc -v -v foo.c baz.c mylib.a -lX11
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/lcc $ Id: solaris.c,v 1.10 1998/09/14 20:36:33 drh Exp $
+foo.c:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc/cpp -D__STDC__=1 -Dsparc -D__sparc__ -Dsun -D__sun__ -Dunix -D__LCC__ -I/usr/local/lib/lcc/include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include foo.c /tmp/lcc266290.i
+/usr/local/lib/lcc/rcc -target=sparc/solaris -v /tmp/lcc266290.i /tmp/lcc266291.
+s
+/usr/ccs/bin/as -Qy -s -o /tmp/lcc266292.o /tmp/lcc266291.s
+baz.c:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc/cpp -D__STDC__=1 -Dsparc -D__sparc__ -Dsun -D__sun__ -Dunix -D__LCC__ -I/usr/local/lib/lcc/include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include baz.c /tmp/lcc266290.i
+/usr/local/lib/lcc/rcc -target=sparc/solaris -v /tmp/lcc266290.i /tmp/lcc266291.s
+/usr/ccs/bin/as -Qy -s -o /tmp/lcc266293.o /tmp/lcc266291.s
+/usr/ccs/bin/ld -o a.out /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/crti.o /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/crt1.o /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/values-xa.o /tmp/lcc266292.o /tmp/lcc266293.o mylib.a -lX11 -Y P,/opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/:/usr/ccs/lib:/usr/lib -Qy -L/usr/local/lib/lcc/ -llcc -lm -lc /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/crtn.o
+rm /tmp/lcc266293.o /tmp/lcc266290.i /tmp/lcc266291.s /tmp/lcc266292.o</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>As the output shows, <code>lcc</code> places temporary files in <code>/tmp</code>; if
+any of the environment variables <code>TMP</code>, <code>TEMP</code>, and <code>TMPDIR</code>
+are set, they override this default (in the order shown) as does the <code>-tempdir=</code><em>dir</em>
+option. The default can be changed by defining <code>TEMPDIR</code> in <code>CFLAGS</code>
+when building the driver.</p>
+
+<p>The <code>option</code> function is called for the options <code>-Wo</code>, <code>-g</code>,
+<code>-p</code>, <code>-pg</code>, and <code>-b</code> because these compiler options
+might also affect the loader's arguments. For these options, the driver calls <code>option(arg)</code>
+to give the host-specific code an opportunity to edit the <code>ld</code> command, if
+necessary. <code>option</code> can change <code>ld</code>, if necessary, and return 1 to
+announce its acceptance of the option. If the option is unsupported, <code>option</code>
+should return 0.</p>
+
+<p>For example, in response to <code>-g</code>, the <code>option</code> function shown
+above accepts the option but does nothing else, because the <code>ld</code> and <code>as</code>
+commands don't need to be modified on the SPARC. <code>-g</code> will also be added to the
+compiler's options by the host-independent part of the driver. The <code>-p</code> causes <code>option</code>
+to change the name of the startup code and changed the list of libraries. The <code>-b</code>
+option turns on <code>lcc</code>'s per-expression profiling, the code for which is in <code>liblcc.a</code>,
+so <code>option</code> need no nothing.</p>
+
+<p>On SPARCs, the driver also recognizes <code>-Bstatic</code> and <code>-Bdynamic</code>
+as linker options. The driver recognizes but ignores &quot;<code>-target</code> <em>name</em>&quot;
+option.</p>
+
+<p>The option <code>-Wo</code><em>arg</em> causes the driver to pass <em>arg</em> to <code>option</code>.
+Such options have no other effect; this mechanism is provided to support system-specific
+options that affect the commands executed by the driver. As illustrated above,
+host-specific parts should support the <code>-Wo-lccdir=</code><em>dir</em> option, which
+causes lcc's compilation components to be found in <em>dir</em>, because this option is
+used by the test scripts, and because the driver simulates a <code>-Wo-lccdir</code>
+option with the value of the environment variable <code>LCCDIR</code>, if it's defined.
+The code above rebuilds the paths to the include files, preprocessor, compiler, and
+library by calling <code>concat</code>, which is defined in <code>etc/lcc.c</code>.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="rcc">Building the Compiler and Accessories</a></h2>
+
+<p>To build the rest of compilation components make sure <code>BUILDDIR</code> is set
+appropriately and type &quot;<code>make all</code>&quot;. This command builds <code>librcc.a</code>
+(the compiler's private library), <code>rcc</code> (the compiler proper), <code>lburg</code>
+(the code-generator generator), <code>cpp</code> (the preprocessor), <code>liblcc.a</code>
+(the runtime library), and <code>bprint</code> (the profile printer), all in <code>BUILDDIR</code>.
+There may be warnings, but there should be no errors. If you're using an ANSI/ISO compiler
+other than <code>cc</code>, specify its name with the <code>CC=</code> option, e.g.,
+&quot;<code>make CC=gcc all</code>&quot;. If you're running on a DEC ALPHA, use &quot;<code>make
+CC='cc -std1' all</code>&quot;; the <code>-std1</code> option is essential on the ALPHA.
+If you're on a DEC 5000 running Ultrix 4.3, use &quot;<code>make CC=c89 all</code>&quot;.</p>
+
+<p>Once <code>rcc</code> is built with the host C compiler, run the test suite to verify
+that <code>rcc</code> is working correctly. If any of the steps below fail, contact us
+(see <a HREF="#bugs"><em>Reporting Bugs</em></a>). The commands in the makefile run the
+shell script <code>src/run.sh</code> on each C program in the test suite, <code>tst/*.c</code>.
+It uses the driver, <code>$BUILDDIR/lcc</code>, so you must have the driver in the build
+directory before testing <code>rcc</code>. The <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>
+combination is read from the variable <code>TARGET</code>, which must be specified when
+invoking <code>make</code>:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% make TARGET=sparc/solaris test
+mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/8q.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/array.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/cf.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/cq.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/cvt.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/fields.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/front.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/incr.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/init.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/limits.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/paranoia.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/sort.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/spill.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/stdarg.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/struct.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/switch.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/wf1.s:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/yacc.s:</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Each line in the output above is of the form</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <p><code>$BUILDDIR/rcc -target=</code><em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em><code>$BUILDDIR/</code><em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em><code>/</code><em>X</em><code>.s:</code></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>where <em>X</em> is the base name of the C program <em>X</em><code>.c</code> in the
+test suite. This output identifies the compiler and the target, e.g., &quot;<code>$BUILDDIR/rcc</code>
+is generating code for a <code>sparc</code> running the <code>solaris</code> operating
+system.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>For each program in the test suite, <code>src/run.sh</code> compiles the program, drops
+the generated assembly language code in <code>BUILDDIR</code>/<em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>,
+and uses <code>diff</code> to compare the generated assembly code with the expected code
+(the code expected for <code>tst/8q.c</code> on the SPARC under Solaris is in <code>sparc/solaris/tst/8q.sbk</code>,
+etc.). If there are differences, the script executes the generated code with the input
+given in <code>tst</code> (the input for <code>tst/8q.c</code> is in <code>tst/8q.0</code>,
+etc.) and compares the output with the expected output (the expected output from <code>tst/8q.c</code>
+on the SPARC under Solaris is in <code>sparc/solaris/tst/8q.1bk</code>, etc.). The script
+also compares the diagnostics from the compiler with the expected diagnostics.</p>
+
+<p>On some systems, there may be a few differences between the generated code and the
+expected code. These differences occur because the expected code is generated by cross
+compilation and the least significant bits of some floating-point constants differ from
+those bits in constants generated on your system. On Linux, there may be differences
+because of differences in the header files between our system and yours. There should be
+no differences in the output from executing the test programs.</p>
+
+<p>Next, run the &quot;triple test&quot;, which builds <code>rcc</code> using itself:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% make triple
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc -d0.6 -Wo-lccdir=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris -B/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/  -Isrc src/*.c
+src/alloc.c:
+...
+src/x86.c:
+/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc -d0.6 -Wo-lccdir=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris -B/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/  -Isrc src/*.c
+src/alloc.c:
+...
+src/x86.c:
+strip /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/[12]rcc
+dd if=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc of=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc1 bs=512 skip=1
+769+1 records in
+769+1 records out
+dd if=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/2rcc of=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc2 bs=512 skip=1
+769+1 records in
+769+1 records out
+if cmp /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc[12]; then \
+        mv /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/2rcc /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc; \
+        rm -f /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc[12]; fi</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>This command builds <code>rcc</code> twice; once using the <code>rcc</code> built by <code>cc</code>
+and again using the <code>rcc</code> built by <code>lcc</code>. The resulting binaries are
+compared. They should be identical, as shown at the end of the output above. If they
+aren't, our compiler is generating incorrect code; <a HREF="#bugs">contact</a> us.</p>
+
+<p>The final version of <code>rcc</code> should also pass the test suite; that is, the
+output from</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% make TARGET=sparc/solaris test</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>should be identical to that from the previous <code>make test</code>.</p>
+
+<p>The command &quot;<code>make clean</code>&quot; cleans up, but does not remove <code>rcc</code>,
+etc., and &quot;<code>make clobber</code>&quot; cleans up and removes <code>lcc</code>, <code>rcc</code>,
+and the other accessories. Test directories under <code>BUILDDIR</code> are <em>not</em>
+removed; you'll need to remove these by hand, e.g.,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% rm -fr $BUILDDIR/sparc</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The code generators for the other targets can be tested by specifying the desired <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>
+and setting an environment variable that controls what <code>src/run.sh</code> does. For
+example, to test the MIPS code generator, type</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% setenv REMOTEHOST noexecute
+% make TARGET=mips/irix test</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>As above, <code>src/run.sh</code> compares the MIPS code generated with what's
+expected. There should be no differences. Setting <code>REMOTEHOST</code> to <code>noexecute</code>
+suppresses the assembly and execution of the generated code. If you set <code>REMOTEHOST</code>
+to the name of a MIPS machine to which you can <code>rlogin</code>, <code>src/run.sh</code>
+will <code>rcp</code> the generated code to that machine and execute it there, if
+necessary. See <code>src/run.sh</code> for the details.</p>
+
+<p>You can use lcc as a cross compiler. The options <code>-S</code> and <code>-Wf-target=</code><em>target/os</em>
+generate assembly code for the specified target, which is any of those listed in the file <code>src/bind.c</code>.
+For example, </p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% lcc -Wf-target=mips/irix -S tst/8q.c</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>generates MIPS code for <code>tst/8q.c</code> in <code>8q.s</code>.</p>
+
+<p>lcc can also generate code for a &quot;symbolic&quot; target. This target is used
+routinely in front-end development, and its output is a printable representation of the
+input program, e.g., the dags constructed by the front end are printed, and other
+interface functions print their arguments. You can specify this target with the option <code>-Wf-target=symbolic</code>.
+For example,</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>% lcc -Wf-target=symbolic -S tst/8q.c</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>generates symbolic output for <code>tst/8q.c</code> in <code>8q.s</code>. Adding <code>-Wf-html</code>
+causes the symbolic target to emit HTML instead of plain text. Finally, the option <code>-Wf-target=null</code>
+specifies the &quot;null&quot; target for which lcc emits nothing and thus only checks the
+syntax and semantics of its input files.</p>
+
+<h2><a NAME="win32">Installation on Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 95/98</a></h2>
+
+<p>On Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 95/98, lcc is designed to work with Microsoft's Visual
+C++ 5.0 (VC) and Microsoft's Assembler, MASM 6.11d. It uses the VC header files,
+libraries, and command-line tools, and it uses MASM to assemble the code it generates. If
+you have MASM 6.11, make sure you <a
+HREF="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q138/9/83.asp">upgrade to 6.11d</a>,
+because earlier 6.11 releases do not generate correct COFF object files.</p>
+
+<p>Building the distribution components from the ground up requires Microsoft's Visual
+C/C++ 5.0 compiler, Microsoft's make, <code>nmake</code>, and the standard Windows command
+interpreter. <a HREF="../makefile.nt"><code>makefile.nt</code></a> is written to use only <code>nmake</code>.
+As on UNIX systems, the compilation components are installed in a single <em>build
+directory</em>, and the top-level programs, <code>lcc.exe</code> and <code>bprint.exe</code>,
+are installed in a directory on the PATH. If the conventions used below are followed, the
+Windows-specific parts of the driver program, <code>lcc.exe</code>, can be used
+unmodified.</p>
+
+<p>Building from the source distribution on a Windows system involves the following steps.
+Below, the build directory is referred to as <code>BUILDDIR</code>, and the distribution
+is in <code>\dist\lcc\4.1</code>. 
+
+<ol>
+  <li>Create the build directory, perhaps using a version- and platform-specific naming
+    convention as suggested in <a HREF="#unix"><em>Installation on UNIX</em></a>, and record
+    the name of this directory in the <code>BUILDDIR</code> environment variable:<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;set BUILDDIR=\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin
+C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;mkdir %BUILDDIR%</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>The default build, or installation, directory is <code>\Program Files\lcc\4.1\bin</code>,
+    but the <code>nmake</code> commands require that you use the corresponding 8.3 file name, <code>progra~1</code>,
+    instead of <code>Program Files</code>.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li><a HREF="../etc/win32.c"><code>etc\win32.c</code></a> is the Windows-specific part of
+    the driver. It assumes that environment variable <code>include</code> gives the locations
+    of the VC header files and that the linker (<code>link.exe</code>) and the assembler (<code>ml.exe</code>)
+    are on the PATH. It also assumes that the macro <code>LCCDIR</code> gives the build
+    directory. If necessary, revise a copy of <a HREF="../etc/win32.c"><code>etc\win32.c</code></a>
+    to reflect the conventions on your computer (see <a HREF="#driver"><em>Building the Driver</em></a>),
+    then build the driver, specifying the default temporary directory, if necessary:<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;nmake -f makefile.nt TEMPDIR=\\temp HOSTFILE=etc/win32.c lcc
+...
+        cl -nologo -Zi -MLd -Fd\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\ -c -DTEMPDIR=\&quot;\\temp\&quot; -Fo\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\lcc.obj etc/lcc.c
+lcc.c
+        cl -nologo -Zi -MLd -Fd\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\ -c -Fo\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\host.obj etc/win32.c
+win32.c
+        cl -nologo -Zi -MLd -Fd\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\ -Fe\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\lcc.exe \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\lcc.obj \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\host.obj</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>If you make a copy of <code>etc\win32.c</code>, specify the path of the copy as the
+    value of <code>HOSTFILE</code>. For example, if you copy <code>etc\win32.c</code> to <code>BUILDDIR</code>
+    and edit it, use the command</p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;nmake -f makefile.nt TEMPDIR=\\temp HOSTFILE=%BUILDDIR%\win32.c lcc</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+  </li>
+  <li>Build the preprocessor, compiler proper, library, and other accessories (see <a
+    HREF="#rcc"><em>Building the Compiler</em></a>):<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;nmake -f makefile.nt all</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>This command uses the VC command-line tools <code>cl</code> and <code>lib</code> to
+    build <code>bprint.exe</code>, <code>cpp.exe</code>, <code>lburg.exe</code>, <code>liblcc.lib</code>,
+    <code>librcc.lib</code>, and <code>rcc.exe</code>, all in <code>BUILDDIR</code>. There may
+    be some warnings, but there should be no warnings.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li>Create a test directory and run the test suite:<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;mkdir %BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst
+C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;nmake -f makefile.nt test</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>This command compiles each program in <a HREF="../tst">tst</a>, compares the generated
+    assembly code and diagnostics with the expected assembly code and diagnostics, executes
+    the program, and compares the output with the expected output (using <code>fc</code>). For
+    example, when the nmake command compiles <a HREF="../tst/8q.c"><code>tst\8q.c</code></a>,
+    it leaves the generated assembly code and diagnostic output in <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.s</code>
+    and <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.2</code>, and it compares them with the expected
+    results in <code>x86\win32\tst\8q.sbk</code>. It builds the executable program in <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.exe</code>,
+    runs it, and redirects the output to <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.1</code>, which it
+    compares with <code>x86\win32\tst\8q.1bk</code>. The output from this step is voluminous,
+    but there should be no differences and no errors.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li>Run the &quot;triple&quot; test, which compiles <code>rcc</code> with itself and
+    verifies the results:<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;nmake -f makefile.nt triple
+...
+\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\x86.c:
+ Assembling: C:/TEMP/lcc2001.asm
+        fc /b \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\1rcc.exe \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\2rcc.exe
+Comparing files \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\1rcc.exe and \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\2RCC.EXE
+00000088: B4 D5</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>This command builds <code>rcc</code> twice; once using the <code>rcc</code> built by VC
+    and again using the <code>rcc</code> built by <code>lcc</code>. The resulting binaries are
+    compared using <code>fc</code>. They should be identical, except for one or two bytes of
+    timestamp data, as shown at the end of the output above. If they aren't, our compiler is
+    generating incorrect code; <a HREF="#bugs">contact</a> us.</p>
+  </li>
+  <li>Copy <code>lcc.exe</code> and <code>bprint.exe</code> to a directory on your PATH, e.g.,<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;copy %BUILDDIR%\lcc.exe \bin
+        1 file(s) copied.
+
+C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;copy %BUILDDIR%\bprint.exe \bin
+        1 file(s) copied.</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+  </li>
+  <li>Finally, clean up:<blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;nmake -f makefile.nt clean</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>This command removes the derived files in <code>BUILDDIR</code>, but does not remove <code>rcc.exe</code>,
+    etc.; &quot;<code>nmake -f makefile.nt clobber</code>&quot; cleans up and removes all
+    executables and libraries. Test directories under <code>BUILDDIR</code> are <em>not</em>
+    removed; you'll need to remove these by hand, e.g.,</p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1&gt;rmdir %BUILDDIR%\x86 /s
+\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\x86, Are you sure (Y/N)? y</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+  </li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2><a NAME="bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></h2>
+
+<p>lcc is a large, complex program. We find and repair errors routinely. If you think that
+you've found a error, follow the steps below, which are adapted from the instructions in
+Chapter 1 of <cite>A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation</cite>. 
+
+<ol>
+  <li>If you don't have a source file that displays the error, create one. Most errors are
+    exposed when programmers try to compile a program they think is valid, so you probably
+    have a demonstration program already.</li>
+  <li>Preprocess the source file and capture the preprocessor output. Discard the original
+    code.</li>
+  <li>Prune your source code until it can be pruned no more without sending the error into
+    hiding. We prune most error demonstrations to fewer than five lines.</li>
+  <li>Confirm that the source file displays the error with the <em>distributed</em> version of
+    lcc. If you've changed lcc and the error appears only in your version, then you'll have to
+    chase the error yourself, even if it turns out to be our fault, because we can't work on
+    your code.</li>
+  <li>Annotate your code with comments that explain why you think that lcc is wrong. If lcc
+    dies with an assertion failure, please tell us where it died. If lcc crashes, please
+    report the last part of the call chain if you can. If lcc is rejecting a program you think
+    is valid, please tell us why you think it's valid, and include supporting page numbers in
+    the ANSI Standard, Appendix A in <cite>The C Programming Language</cite>, or the
+    appropriate section in <cite>C: A Reference Manual</cite>, 4th edition by S. B. Harbison
+    and G. L. Steele, Jr. (Prentice Hall, 1995). If lcc silently generates incorrect code for
+    some construct, please include the corrupt assembly code in the comments and flag the
+    incorrect instructions if you can.</li>
+  <li>Confirm that your error hasn't been fixed already. The latest version of lcc is always
+    available for anonymous <code>ftp</code> from <code>ftp.cs.princeton.edu</code> in <a
+    HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/lcc"><code>pub/lcc</code></a>. A <a
+    HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/lcc/README"><code>README</code></a> file there gives
+    acquistion details, and the <a HREF="../LOG"><code>LOG</code></a> file reports what errors
+    were fixed and when they were fixed. If you report a error that's been fixed, you might
+    get a canned reply.</li>
+  <li>Send your program by electronic mail to <code>lcc-bugs@cs.princeton.edu</code>. Please
+    send only valid C programs; put all remarks in C comments so that we can process reports
+    semiautomatically.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2><a NAME="mailinglist">Keeping in Touch</a></h2>
+
+<p>There is an lcc mailing list for general information about lcc. To be added to the
+list, send a message with the 1-line body</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>subscribe lcc</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>to <code>majordomo@cs.princeton.edu</code>. This line must appear in the message body;
+&quot;Subject:&quot; lines are ignored. To learn more about mailing lists served by <code>majordomo</code>,
+send a message with the 1-word body &quot;<code>help</code>&quot; to <code>majordomo@cs.princeton.edu</code>.
+Mail sent to <code>lcc@cs.princeton.edu</code> is forwarded to everyone on the mailing
+list.</p>
+
+<p>There is also an <code>lcc-bugs</code> mailing list for reporting bugs; subscribe to it
+by sending a message with the 1-line body </p>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>subscribe lcc-bugs</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>to <code>majordomo@cs.princeton.edu</code>. Mail addressed to <var>lcc-bugs@cs.princeton.edu</var>
+is forwarded to everyone on this list.</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<address>
+  <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~cwfraser/">Chris Fraser</a> / <a
+  HREF="mailto:cwfraser@microsoft.com">cwfraser@microsoft.com</a><br>
+  <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~drh/">David Hanson</a> / <a
+  HREF="mailto:drh@microsoft.com">drh@microsoft.com</a><br>
+  $Revision: 145 $ $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $ 
+</address>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/doc/lcc.1 b/src/tools/lcc/doc/lcc.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe91bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/doc/lcc.1
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+.\" $Id: lcc.1 145 2001-10-17 21:53:10Z timo $
+.TH LCC 1 "local \- $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $"
+.SH NAME
+lcc \- ANSI C compiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lcc
+[
+.I option
+|
+.I file
+]...
+.br
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+.I lcc
+is an ANSI C compiler for a variety of platforms.
+.PP
+Arguments whose names end with `.c' (plus `.C' under Windows) are taken to be
+C source programs; they are preprocessed, compiled, and
+each object program is left on the file
+whose name is that of the source with `.o' (UNIX) or `.obj' (Windows)
+substituted for the extension.
+Arguments whose names end with `.i' are treated similarly,
+except they are not preprocessed.
+In the same way,
+arguments ending with `.s' (plus `.S', `.asm', and `.ASM', under Windows)
+are taken to be assembly source programs
+and are assembled, producing an object file.
+If there are no arguments,
+.I lcc
+summarizes its options on the standard error.
+.PP
+.I lcc
+deletes an object file if and only if exactly one
+source file is mentioned and no other file
+(source, object, library) or
+.B \-l
+option is mentioned.
+.PP
+If the environment variable
+.B LCCINPUTS
+is set,
+.I lcc
+assumes it gives a semicolon- or colon-separated list of directories in which to
+look for source and object files whose names do not begin with `/'.
+These directories are also added to the list of directories
+searched for libraries.
+If
+.B LCCINPUTS
+is defined, it must contain `.' in order for the current directory
+to be searched for input files.
+.PP
+.I lcc
+uses ANSI standard header files (see `FILES' below).
+Include files not found in the ANSI header files
+are taken from the normal default include areas,
+which usually includes
+.BR /usr/include .
+Under Windows, if the environment variable
+.B include
+is defined, it gives a semicolon-separated list of directories in which to search for
+header files.
+.PP
+.I lcc
+interprets the following options; unrecognized options are
+taken as loader options (see
+.IR ld (1))
+unless
+.BR \-c ,
+.BR \-S ,
+or
+.B \-E
+precedes them.
+Except for
+.BR \-l ,
+all options are processed before any of the files
+and apply to all of the files.
+Applicable options are passed to each compilation phase in the order given.
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and force
+an object file to be produced even if only one program is compiled.
+.TP
+.B \-g
+Produce additional symbol table information for the local debuggers.
+.I lcc
+warns when
+.B \-g
+is unsupported.
+.TP
+.BI \-Wf\-g n , x
+Set the debugging level to
+.I n
+and emit source code as comments into the generated assembly code;
+.I x
+must be the assembly language comment character.
+If
+.I n
+is omitted, it defaults to 1, which is similar to
+.BR \-g .
+Omitting
+.BI , x
+just sets the debugging level to
+.IR n .
+.TP
+.B \-w
+Suppress warning diagnostics, such as those
+announcing unreferenced statics, locals, and parameters.
+The line
+.I
+#pragma ref id
+simulates a reference to the variable 
+.IR id .
+.TP
+.BI \-d n
+Generate jump tables for switches whose density is at least
+.IR n ,
+a floating point constant between zero and one.
+The default is 0.5.
+.TP
+.B \-A
+Warns about
+declarations and casts of function types without prototypes,
+assignments between pointers to ints and pointers to enums, and
+conversions from pointers to smaller integral types.
+A second
+.B \-A
+warns about
+unrecognized control lines,
+nonANSI language extensions and source characters in literals,
+unreferenced variables and static functions,
+declaring arrays of incomplete types,
+and exceeding
+.I some
+ANSI environmental limits, like more than 257 cases in switches.
+It also arranges for duplicate global definitions in separately compiled
+files to cause loader errors.
+.TP
+.B \-P
+Writes declarations for all defined globals on standard error.
+Function declarations include prototypes;
+editing this output can simplify conversion to ANSI C.
+This output may not correspond to the input when
+there are several typedefs for the same type.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Arrange for the compiler to produce code
+that tests for dereferencing zero pointers.
+The code reports the offending file and line number and calls
+.IR abort (3).
+.TP
+.B \-O
+is ignored.
+.TP
+.B \-S
+Compile the named C programs, and leave the
+assembler-language output on corresponding files suffixed `.s' or `.asm'.
+.TP
+.B \-E
+Run only the preprocessor on the named C programs
+and unsuffixed file arguments,
+and send the result to the standard output.
+.TP
+.BI \-o "  output"
+Name the output file
+.IR output .
+If
+.B \-c
+or
+.B \-S
+is specified and there is exactly one source file,
+this option names the object or assembly file, respectively.
+Otherwise, this option names the final executable
+file generated by the loader, and `a.out' (UNIX) or `a.exe' (Windows) is left undisturbed.
+.I lcc
+warns if
+.B \-o
+and
+.B \-c
+or
+.B \-S
+are given with more than one source file and ignores the
+.B \-o
+option.
+.TP
+.BI \-D name=def
+Define the
+.I name
+to the preprocessor, as if by `#define'.
+If
+.I =def
+is omitted, the name is defined as "1".
+.TP
+.BI \-U name
+Remove any initial definition of
+.IR name .
+.TP
+.BI \-I dir
+`#include' files
+whose names do not begin with `/' are always
+sought first in the directory of the
+.I file
+arguments, then in directories named in
+.B \-I
+options, then in directories on a standard list.
+.TP
+.B \-N
+Do not search
+.I any
+of the standard directories for `#include' files.
+Only those directories specified by subsequent explicit
+.B \-I
+options will be searched, in the order given.
+.TP
+.BI \-B str
+Use the compiler
+.BI "" str rcc
+instead of the default version.
+Note that
+.I str
+often requires a trailing slash.
+On Sparcs only,
+.B \-Bstatic
+and
+.BI \-Bdynamic
+are passed to the loader; see
+.IR ld (1).
+.TP
+.BI \-Wo\-lccdir= dir
+Find the preprocessor, compiler proper, and include directory
+in the directory
+.I dir/
+or
+.I
+dir\\.
+If the environment variable
+.B LCCDIR
+is defined, it gives this directory.
+.I lcc
+warns when this option is unsupported.
+.TP
+.B \-Wf-unsigned_char=1
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.B \-Wf-unsigned_char=0 
+makes plain
+.B char
+an unsigned (1) or signed (0) type; by default,
+.B char
+is signed.
+.TP
+.B \-Wf\-wchar_t=unsigned_char
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.B \-Wf\-wchar_t=unsigned_short
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.B \-Wf\-wchar_t=unsigned_int
+Makes wide characters the type indicated; by default,
+wide characters are unsigned short ints, and
+.B wchar_t
+is a typedef for unsigned short defined in stddef.h.
+The definition for
+.B wchar_t
+in stddef.h must correspond to the type specified.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Print commands as they are executed; some of the executed
+programs are directed to print their version numbers.
+More than one occurrence of
+.B \-v
+causes the commands to be printed, but
+.I not
+executed.
+.TP
+.BR \-help " or " \-?
+Print a message on the standard error summarizing
+.IR lcc 's
+options and giving the values of the environment variables
+.B LCCINPUTS
+and
+.BR LCCDIR ,
+if they are defined.
+Under Windows, the values of
+.B include
+and
+.B lib
+are also given, if they are defined.
+.TP
+.B \-b
+Produce code that counts the number of times each expression is executed.
+If loading takes place, arrange for a
+.B prof.out
+file to be written when the object program terminates.
+A listing annotated with execution counts can then be generated with
+.IR bprint (1).
+.I lcc
+warns when
+.B \-b
+is unsupported.
+.B \-Wf\-C
+is similar, but counts only the number of function calls.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+Produce code that counts the number of times each function is called.
+If loading takes place, replace the standard startup
+function by one that automatically calls
+.IR monitor (3)
+at the start and arranges to write a
+.B mon.out
+file when the object program terminates normally.
+An execution profile can then be generated with
+.IR prof (1).
+.I lcc
+warns when
+.B \-p
+is unsupported.
+.TP
+.B \-pg
+Causes the compiler to produce counting code like
+.BR \-p ,
+but invokes a run-time recording mechanism that keeps more
+extensive statistics and produces a 
+.B gmon.out
+file at normal termination.
+Also, a profiling library is searched, in lieu of the standard C library.
+An execution profile can then be generated with
+.IR gprof (1).
+.I lcc
+warns when
+.B \-pg
+is unsupported.
+.TP
+.BI \-t name
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.BI \-t
+Produce code to print the name of the function, an activation number,
+and the name and value of each argument at function entry.
+At function exit, produce code to print
+the name of the function, the activation number, and the return value.
+By default,
+.I printf
+does the printing; if
+.I name
+appears, it does.
+For null
+.I char*
+values, "(null)" is printed. 
+.BI \-target
+.I name
+is accepted, but ignored.
+.TP
+.BI \-tempdir= dir
+Store temporary files in the directory
+.I dir/
+or
+.I
+dir\\.
+The default is usually
+.BR /tmp .
+.TP
+.BI \-W xarg
+pass argument
+.I arg
+to the program indicated by
+.IR x ;
+.I x
+can be one of
+.BR p ,
+.BR f ,
+.BR a ,
+or
+.BR l ,
+which refer, respectively, to the preprocessor, the compiler proper,
+the assembler, and the loader.
+.I arg
+is passed as given; if a
+.B \-
+is expected, it must be given explicitly.
+.BI \-Wo arg
+specifies a system-specific option,
+.IR arg .
+.PP
+Other arguments
+are taken to be either loader option arguments, or C-compatible
+object programs, typically produced by an earlier
+.I lcc
+run, or perhaps libraries of C-compatible routines.
+Duplicate object files are ignored.
+These programs, together with the results of any
+compilations specified, are loaded (in the order
+given) to produce an executable program with name
+.BR a.out
+(UNIX) or
+.BR a.exe
+(Windows).
+.PP
+.I lcc
+assigns the most frequently referenced scalar parameters and
+locals to registers whenever possible.
+For each block,
+explicit register declarations are obeyed first;
+remaining registers are assigned to automatic locals if they
+are `referenced' at least 3 times.
+Each top-level occurrence of an identifier
+counts as 1 reference. Occurrences in a loop,
+either of the then/else arms of an if statement, or a case
+in a switch statement each count, respectively, as 10, 1/2, or 1/10 references.
+These values are adjusted accordingly for nested control structures.
+.B \-Wf\-a
+causes
+.I lcc
+to read a
+.B prof.out
+file from a previous execution and to use the data therein
+to compute reference counts (see
+.BR \-b ).
+.PP
+.I lcc
+is a cross compiler;
+.BI \-Wf\-target= target/os
+causes
+.I lcc
+to generate code for
+.I target
+running the operating system denoted by
+.IR os .
+The supported
+.I target/os
+combinations may include
+.PP
+.RS
+.ta \w'sparc/solarisxx'u
+.nf
+alpha/osf	ALPHA, OSF 3.2
+mips/irix	big-endian MIPS, IRIX 5.2
+mips/ultrix	little-endian MIPS, ULTRIX 4.3
+sparc/solaris	SPARC, Solaris 2.3
+x86/win32	x86, Windows NT 4.0/Windows 95/98
+x86/linux	x86, Linux
+symbolic	text rendition of the generated code
+null		no output
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+For
+.BR \-Wf\-target=symbolic ,
+the option
+.B \-Wf-html
+causes the text rendition to be emitted as HTML.
+.B 
+.SH LIMITATIONS
+.PP
+.I lcc
+accepts the C programming language
+as described in the ANSI standard.
+If
+.I lcc
+is used with the GNU C preprocessor, the
+.B \-Wp\-trigraphs
+option is required to enable trigraph sequences.
+.PP
+Plain int bit fields are signed.
+Bit fields are aligned like unsigned integers but are otherwise laid out
+as by most standard C compilers.
+Some compilers, such as the GNU C compiler,
+may choose other, incompatible layouts.
+.PP
+Likewise, calling conventions are intended to be compatible with
+the host C compiler,
+except possibly for passing and returning structures.
+Specifically,
+.I lcc
+passes and returns structures like host ANSI C compilers
+on most targets, but some older host C compilers use different conventions.
+Consequently, calls to/from such functions compiled with
+older C compilers may not work.
+Calling a function that returns
+a structure without declaring it as such violates
+the ANSI standard and may cause a fault.
+.SH FILES
+.PP
+The file names listed below are
+.IR typical ,
+but vary among installations; installation-dependent variants
+can be displayed by running
+.I lcc
+with the
+.B \-v
+option.
+.PP
+.RS
+.ta \w'$LCCDIR/liblcc.{a,lib}XX'u
+.nf
+file.{c,C}	input file
+file.{s,asm}	assembly-language file
+file.{o,obj}	object file
+a.{out,exe}	loaded output
+/tmp/lcc*	temporary files
+$LCCDIR/cpp	preprocessor
+$LCCDIR/rcc	compiler
+$LCCDIR/liblcc.{a,lib}	\fIlcc\fP-specific library
+/lib/crt0.o	runtime startup (UNIX)
+/lib/[gm]crt0.o	startups for profiling (UNIX)
+/lib/libc.a	standard library (UNIX)
+$LCCDIR/include	ANSI standard headers
+/usr/local/include	local headers
+/usr/include	traditional headers
+prof.out	file produced for \fIbprint\fR(1)
+mon.out	file produced for \fIprof\fR(1)
+gmon.out	file produced for \fIgprof\fR(1)
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+.I lcc
+predefines the macro
+.B __LCC__
+on all systems.
+It may also predefine some installation-dependent symbols; option
+.B \-v
+exposes them.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+C. W. Fraser and D. R. Hanson,
+.I A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation,
+Addison-Wesley, 1995. ISBN 0-8053-1670-1.
+.PP
+The World-Wide Web page at http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/.
+.PP
+S. P. Harbison and G. L. Steele, Jr.,
+.I C: A Reference Manual,
+4th ed., Prentice-Hall, 1995.
+.PP
+B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie,
+.I The C Programming Language,
+2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1988.
+.PP
+American National Standards Inst.,
+.I American National Standard for Information Systems\(emProgramming
+.IR Language\(emC ,
+ANSI X3.159-1989, New York, 1990.
+.br
+.SH BUGS
+Mail bug reports along with the shortest preprocessed program
+that exposes them and the details reported by
+.IR lcc 's
+.B \-v
+option to lcc-bugs@princeton.edu. The WWW page at
+URL http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/
+includes detailed instructions for reporting bugs.
+.PP
+The ANSI standard headers conform to the specifications in
+the Standard, which may be too restrictive for some applications,
+but necessary for portability.
+Functions given in the ANSI headers may be missing from
+some local C libraries (e.g., wide-character functions)
+or may not correspond exactly to the local versions;
+for example, the ANSI standard
+stdio.h
+specifies that
+.IR printf ,
+.IR fprintf ,
+and
+.I sprintf
+return the number of characters written to the file or array,
+but some existing libraries don't implement this convention.
+.PP
+On the MIPS and SPARC, old-style variadic functions must use
+varargs.h
+from MIPS or Sun. New-style is recommended.
+.PP
+With
+.BR \-b ,
+files compiled
+.I without
+.B \-b
+may cause
+.I bprint
+to print erroneous call graphs.
+For example, if
+.B f
+calls
+.B g
+calls
+.B h
+and
+.B f
+and
+.B h
+are compiled with
+.BR \-b ,
+but
+.B g
+is not,
+.B bprint
+will report that
+.B f
+called
+.BR h .
+The total number of calls is correct, however.
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/doc/lcc.pdf b/src/tools/lcc/doc/lcc.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6134de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/doc/lcc.pdf
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/etc/bytecode.c b/src/tools/lcc/etc/bytecode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe4178f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/etc/bytecode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* quake3 bytecode target */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "../../../qcommon/q_platform.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define BINEXT ".exe"
+#else
+#define BINEXT ""
+#endif
+
+char *suffixes[] = { ".c", ".i", ".asm", ".o", ".out", 0 };
+char inputs[256] = "";
+char *cpp[] = { "q3cpp" BINEXT,
+	"-D__STDC__=1", "-D__STRICT_ANSI__", "-D__signed__=signed", "-DQ3_VM",
+	"$1", "$2", "$3", 0 };
+char *include[] = { 0 };
+char *com[] = { "q3rcc" BINEXT, "-target=bytecode", "$1", "$2", "$3", 0 };
+char *ld[] = { 0 };
+char *as[] = { 0 };
+
+extern char *concat(char *, char *);
+
+/*
+===============
+UpdatePaths
+
+Updates the paths to q3cpp and q3rcc based on
+the directory that contains q3lcc
+===============
+*/
+void UpdatePaths( const char *lccBinary )
+{
+	char basepath[ 1024 ];
+	char *p;
+
+	strncpy( basepath, lccBinary, 1024 );
+	p = strrchr( basepath, PATH_SEP );
+
+	if( p )
+	{
+		*( p + 1 ) = '\0';
+
+		cpp[ 0 ] = concat( basepath, "q3cpp" BINEXT );
+		com[ 0 ] = concat( basepath, "q3rcc" BINEXT );
+	}
+}
+
+int option(char *arg) {
+	if (strncmp(arg, "-lccdir=", 8) == 0) {
+		cpp[0] = concat(&arg[8], "/q3cpp" BINEXT);
+		include[0] = concat("-I", concat(&arg[8], "/include"));
+		com[0] = concat(&arg[8], "/q3rcc" BINEXT);
+	} else if (strcmp(arg, "-p") == 0 || strcmp(arg, "-pg") == 0) {
+		fprintf( stderr, "no profiling supported, %s ignored.\n", arg);
+	} else if (strcmp(arg, "-b") == 0)
+		;
+	else if (strcmp(arg, "-g") == 0)
+		fprintf( stderr, "no debugging supported, %s ignored.\n", arg);
+	else if (strncmp(arg, "-ld=", 4) == 0 || strcmp(arg, "-static") == 0) {
+		fprintf( stderr, "no linking supported, %s ignored.\n", arg);
+	} else
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/etc/lcc.c b/src/tools/lcc/etc/lcc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a168852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/etc/lcc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+/*
+ * lcc [ option ]... [ file | -llib ]...
+ * front end for the ANSI C compiler
+ */
+static char rcsid[] = "Id: dummy rcsid";
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef TEMPDIR
+#define TEMPDIR "/tmp"
+#endif
+
+typedef struct list *List;
+struct list {		/* circular list nodes: */
+	char *str;		/* option or file name */
+	List link;		/* next list element */
+};
+
+static void *alloc(int);
+static List append(char *,List);
+extern char *basename(char *);
+static int callsys(char *[]);
+extern char *concat(char *, char *);
+static int compile(char *, char *);
+static void compose(char *[], List, List, List);
+static void error(char *, char *);
+static char *exists(char *);
+static char *first(char *);
+static int filename(char *, char *);
+static List find(char *, List);
+static void help(void);
+static void initinputs(void);
+static void interrupt(int);
+static void opt(char *);
+static List path2list(const char *);
+extern int main(int, char *[]);
+extern char *replace(const char *, int, int);
+static void rm(List);
+extern char *strsave(const char *);
+extern char *stringf(const char *, ...);
+extern int suffix(char *, char *[], int);
+extern char *tempname(char *);
+
+#ifndef __sun
+extern int getpid(void);
+#endif
+
+extern char *cpp[], *include[], *com[], *as[],*ld[], inputs[], *suffixes[];
+extern int option(char *);
+
+static int errcnt;		/* number of errors */
+static int Eflag;		/* -E specified */
+static int Sflag = 1;		/* -S specified */ //for Q3 we always generate asm
+static int cflag;		/* -c specified */
+static int verbose;		/* incremented for each -v */
+static List llist[2];		/* loader files, flags */
+static List alist;		/* assembler flags */
+static List clist;		/* compiler flags */
+static List plist;		/* preprocessor flags */
+static List ilist;		/* list of additional includes from LCCINPUTS */
+static List rmlist;		/* list of files to remove */
+static char *outfile;		/* ld output file or -[cS] object file */
+static int ac;			/* argument count */
+static char **av;		/* argument vector */
+char *tempdir = TEMPDIR;	/* directory for temporary files */
+static char *progname;
+static List lccinputs;		/* list of input directories */
+
+extern void UpdatePaths( const char *lccBinary );
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i, j, nf;
+
+	progname = argv[0];
+
+	UpdatePaths( progname );
+
+	ac = argc + 50;
+	av = alloc(ac*sizeof(char *));
+	if (signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGINT, interrupt);
+	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGTERM, interrupt);
+#ifdef SIGHUP
+	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGHUP, interrupt);
+#endif
+	if (getenv("TMP"))
+		tempdir = getenv("TMP");
+	else if (getenv("TEMP"))
+		tempdir = getenv("TEMP");
+	else if (getenv("TMPDIR"))
+		tempdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
+	assert(tempdir);
+	i = strlen(tempdir);
+	for (; (i > 0 && tempdir[i-1] == '/') || tempdir[i-1] == '\\'; i--)
+		tempdir[i-1] = '\0';
+	if (argc <= 1) {
+		help();
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	plist = append("-D__LCC__", 0);
+	initinputs();
+	if (getenv("LCCDIR"))
+		option(stringf("-lccdir=%s", getenv("LCCDIR")));
+	for (nf = 0, i = j = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0) {
+			if (++i < argc) {
+				if (suffix(argv[i], suffixes, 2) >= 0) {
+					error("-o would overwrite %s", argv[i]);
+					exit(8);
+				}
+				outfile = argv[i];
+				continue;
+			} else {
+				error("unrecognized option `%s'", argv[i-1]);
+				exit(8);
+			}
+		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-target") == 0) {
+			if (argv[i+1] && *argv[i+1] != '-')
+				i++;
+			continue;
+		} else if (*argv[i] == '-' && argv[i][1] != 'l') {
+			opt(argv[i]);
+			continue;
+		} else if (*argv[i] != '-' && suffix(argv[i], suffixes, 3) >= 0)
+			nf++;
+		argv[j++] = argv[i];
+	}
+	if ((cflag || Sflag) && outfile && nf != 1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: -o %s ignored\n", progname, outfile);
+		outfile = 0;
+	}
+	argv[j] = 0;
+	for (i = 0; include[i]; i++)
+		plist = append(include[i], plist);
+	if (ilist) {
+		List b = ilist;
+		do {
+			b = b->link;
+			plist = append(b->str, plist);
+		} while (b != ilist);
+	}
+	ilist = 0;
+	for (i = 1; argv[i]; i++)
+		if (*argv[i] == '-')
+			opt(argv[i]);
+		else {
+			char *name = exists(argv[i]);
+			if (name) {
+				if (strcmp(name, argv[i]) != 0
+				|| (nf > 1 && suffix(name, suffixes, 3) >= 0))
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s:\n", name);
+				filename(name, 0);
+			} else
+				error("can't find `%s'", argv[i]);
+		}
+	if (errcnt == 0 && !Eflag && !Sflag && !cflag && llist[1]) {
+		compose(ld, llist[0], llist[1],
+			append(outfile ? outfile : concat("a", first(suffixes[4])), 0));
+		if (callsys(av))
+			errcnt++;
+	}
+	rm(rmlist);	
+	return errcnt ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* alloc - allocate n bytes or die */
+static void *alloc(int n) {
+	static char *avail, *limit;
+	
+	n = (n + sizeof(char *) - 1)&~(sizeof(char *) - 1);
+	if (n >= limit - avail) {
+		avail = malloc(n + 4*1024);
+		assert(avail);
+		limit = avail + n + 4*1024;
+	}
+	avail += n;
+	return avail - n;
+}
+
+/* append - append a node with string str onto list, return new list */	
+static List append(char *str, List list) {
+	List p = alloc(sizeof *p);
+
+	p->str = str;
+	if (list) {
+		p->link = list->link;
+		list->link = p;
+	} else
+		p->link = p;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* basename - return base name for name, e.g. /usr/drh/foo.c => foo */
+char *basename(char *name) {
+	char *s, *b, *t = 0;
+
+	for (b = s = name; *s; s++)
+		if (*s == '/' || *s == '\\') {
+			b = s + 1;
+			t = 0;
+		} else if (*s == '.')
+			t = s;
+	s = strsave(b);
+	if (t)
+		s[t-b] = 0;
+	return s;
+}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#include <process.h>
+
+static char *escapeDoubleQuotes(const char *string) {
+	int stringLength = strlen(string);
+	int bufferSize = stringLength + 1;
+	int i, j;
+	char *newString;
+
+	if (string == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < stringLength; i++) {
+		if (string[i] == '"')
+			bufferSize++;
+	}
+
+	newString = (char*)malloc(bufferSize);
+
+	if (newString == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < stringLength; i++) {
+		if (string[i] == '"')
+			newString[j++] = '\\';
+
+		newString[j++] = string[i];
+	}
+
+	newString[j] = '\0';
+
+	return newString;
+}
+
+static int spawn(const char *cmdname, char **argv) {
+	int argc = 0;
+	char **newArgv = argv;
+	int i;
+	intptr_t exitStatus;
+
+	// _spawnvp removes double quotes from arguments, so we
+	// have to escape them manually
+	while (*newArgv++ != NULL)
+		argc++;
+
+	newArgv = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char*) * (argc + 1));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		newArgv[i] = escapeDoubleQuotes(argv[i]);
+
+	newArgv[argc] = NULL;
+
+	exitStatus = _spawnvp(_P_WAIT, cmdname, (const char *const *)newArgv);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		free(newArgv[i]);
+
+	free(newArgv);
+	return exitStatus;
+}
+
+#else
+
+#define _P_WAIT 0
+#ifndef __sun
+extern int fork(void);
+#endif
+extern int wait(int *);
+
+static int spawn(const char *cmdname, char **argv) {
+	int pid, n, status;
+
+	switch (pid = fork()) {
+	case -1:
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: no more processes\n", progname);
+		return 100;
+	case 0:
+		// TTimo removing hardcoded paths, searching in $PATH
+		execvp(cmdname, argv);
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname);
+		perror(cmdname);
+		fflush(stdout);
+		exit(100);
+	}
+	while ((n = wait(&status)) != pid && n != -1)
+		;
+	if (n == -1)
+		status = -1;
+	if (status&0377) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: fatal error in %s\n", progname, cmdname);
+		status |= 0400;
+	}
+	return (status>>8)&0377;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* callsys - execute the command described by av[0...], return status */
+static int callsys(char **av) {
+	int i, status = 0;
+	static char **argv;
+	static int argc;
+	char *executable;
+
+	for (i = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++)
+		;
+	if (i + 1 > argc) {
+		argc = i + 1;
+		if (argv == NULL)
+			argv = malloc(argc*sizeof *argv);
+		else
+			argv = realloc(argv, argc*sizeof *argv);
+		assert(argv);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; status == 0 && av[i] != NULL; ) {
+		int j = 0;
+		char *s = NULL;
+		for ( ; av[i] != NULL && (s = strchr(av[i], '\n')) == NULL; i++)
+			argv[j++] = av[i];
+		if (s != NULL) {
+			if (s > av[i])
+				argv[j++] = stringf("%.*s", s - av[i], av[i]);
+			if (s[1] != '\0')
+				av[i] = s + 1;
+			else
+				i++;
+		}
+		argv[j] = NULL;
+		executable = strsave( argv[0] );
+		argv[0] = stringf( "\"%s\"", argv[0] );
+		if (verbose > 0) {
+			int k;
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", argv[0]);
+			for (k = 1; argv[k] != NULL; k++)
+				fprintf(stderr, " %s", argv[k]);
+			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		}
+		if (verbose < 2)
+			status = spawn(executable, argv);
+		if (status == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname);
+			perror(argv[0]);
+		}
+	}
+	return status;
+}
+
+/* concat - return concatenation of strings s1 and s2 */
+char *concat(char *s1, char *s2) {
+	int n = strlen(s1);
+	char *s = alloc(n + strlen(s2) + 1);
+
+	strcpy(s, s1);
+	strcpy(s + n, s2);
+	return s;
+}
+
+/* compile - compile src into dst, return status */
+static int compile(char *src, char *dst) {
+	compose(com, clist, append(src, 0), append(dst, 0));
+	return callsys(av);
+}
+
+/* compose - compose cmd into av substituting a, b, c for $1, $2, $3, resp. */
+static void compose(char *cmd[], List a, List b, List c) {
+	int i, j;
+	List lists[3];
+
+	lists[0] = a;
+	lists[1] = b;
+	lists[2] = c;
+	for (i = j = 0; cmd[i]; i++) {
+		char *s = strchr(cmd[i], '$');
+		if (s && isdigit(s[1])) {
+			int k = s[1] - '0';
+			assert(k >=1 && k <= 3);
+			if ((b = lists[k-1])) {
+				b = b->link;
+				av[j] = alloc(strlen(cmd[i]) + strlen(b->str) - 1);
+				strncpy(av[j], cmd[i], s - cmd[i]);
+				av[j][s-cmd[i]] = '\0';
+				strcat(av[j], b->str);
+				strcat(av[j++], s + 2);
+				while (b != lists[k-1]) {
+					b = b->link;
+					assert(j < ac);
+					av[j++] = b->str;
+				};
+			}
+		} else if (*cmd[i]) {
+			assert(j < ac);
+			av[j++] = cmd[i];
+		}
+	}
+	av[j] = NULL;
+}
+
+/* error - issue error msg according to fmt, bump error count */
+static void error(char *fmt, char *msg) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname);
+	fprintf(stderr, fmt, msg);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	errcnt++;
+}
+
+/* exists - if `name' readable return its path name or return null */
+static char *exists(char *name) {
+	List b;
+
+	if ( (name[0] == '/' || name[0] == '\\' || name[2] == ':')
+	&& access(name, 4) == 0)
+		return name;
+	if (!(name[0] == '/' || name[0] == '\\' || name[2] == ':')
+	&& (b = lccinputs))		
+		do {
+			b = b->link;
+			if (b->str[0]) {
+				char buf[1024];
+				sprintf(buf, "%s/%s", b->str, name);
+				if (access(buf, 4) == 0)
+					return strsave(buf);
+			} else if (access(name, 4) == 0)
+				return name;
+		} while (b != lccinputs);
+	if (verbose > 1)
+		return name;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* first - return first component in semicolon separated list */
+static char *first(char *list) {
+	char *s = strchr(list, ';');
+
+	if (s) {
+		char buf[1024];
+		strncpy(buf, list, s-list);
+		buf[s-list] = '\0';
+		return strsave(buf);
+	} else
+		return list;
+}
+
+/* filename - process file name argument `name', return status */
+static int filename(char *name, char *base) {
+	int status = 0;
+	static char *stemp, *itemp;
+
+	if (base == 0)
+		base = basename(name);
+	switch (suffix(name, suffixes, 4)) {
+	case 0:	/* C source files */
+		compose(cpp, plist, append(name, 0), 0);
+		if (Eflag) {
+			status = callsys(av);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (itemp == NULL)
+			itemp = tempname(first(suffixes[1]));
+		compose(cpp, plist, append(name, 0), append(itemp, 0));
+		status = callsys(av);
+		if (status == 0)
+			return filename(itemp, base);
+		break;
+	case 1:	/* preprocessed source files */
+		if (Eflag)
+			break;
+		if (Sflag)
+			status = compile(name, outfile ? outfile : concat(base, first(suffixes[2])));
+		else if ((status = compile(name, stemp?stemp:(stemp=tempname(first(suffixes[2]))))) == 0)
+			return filename(stemp, base);
+		break;
+	case 2:	/* assembly language files */
+		if (Eflag)
+			break;
+		if (!Sflag) {
+			char *ofile;
+			if (cflag && outfile)
+				ofile = outfile;
+			else if (cflag)
+				ofile = concat(base, first(suffixes[3]));
+			else
+				ofile = tempname(first(suffixes[3]));
+			compose(as, alist, append(name, 0), append(ofile, 0));
+			status = callsys(av);
+			if (!find(ofile, llist[1]))
+				llist[1] = append(ofile, llist[1]);
+		}
+		break;
+	case 3:	/* object files */
+		if (!find(name, llist[1]))
+			llist[1] = append(name, llist[1]);
+		break;
+	default:
+		if (Eflag) {
+			compose(cpp, plist, append(name, 0), 0);
+			status = callsys(av);
+		}
+		llist[1] = append(name, llist[1]);
+		break;
+	}
+	if (status)
+		errcnt++;
+	return status;
+}
+
+/* find - find 1st occurrence of str in list, return list node or 0 */
+static List find(char *str, List list) {
+	List b;
+	
+	if ((b = list))
+		do {
+			if (strcmp(str, b->str) == 0)
+				return b;
+		} while ((b = b->link) != list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* help - print help message */
+static void help(void) {
+	static char *msgs[] = {
+"", " [ option | file ]...\n",
+"	except for -l, options are processed left-to-right before files\n",
+"	unrecognized options are taken to be linker options\n",
+"-A	warn about nonANSI usage; 2nd -A warns more\n",
+"-b	emit expression-level profiling code; see bprint(1)\n",
+#ifdef sparc
+"-Bstatic -Bdynamic	specify static or dynamic libraries\n",
+#endif
+"-Bdir/	use the compiler named `dir/rcc'\n",
+"-c	compile only\n",
+"-dn	set switch statement density to `n'\n",
+"-Dname -Dname=def	define the preprocessor symbol `name'\n",
+"-E	run only the preprocessor on the named C programs and unsuffixed files\n",
+"-g	produce symbol table information for debuggers\n",
+"-help or -?	print this message\n",
+"-Idir	add `dir' to the beginning of the list of #include directories\n",	
+"-lx	search library `x'\n",
+"-N	do not search the standard directories for #include files\n",
+"-n	emit code to check for dereferencing zero pointers\n",
+"-O	is ignored\n",
+"-o file	leave the output in `file'\n",
+"-P	print ANSI-style declarations for globals\n",
+"-p -pg	emit profiling code; see prof(1) and gprof(1)\n",
+"-S	compile to assembly language\n",
+#ifdef linux
+"-static	specify static libraries (default is dynamic)\n",
+#endif
+"-t -tname	emit function tracing calls to printf or to `name'\n",
+"-target name	is ignored\n",
+"-tempdir=dir	place temporary files in `dir/'", "\n"
+"-Uname	undefine the preprocessor symbol `name'\n",
+"-v	show commands as they are executed; 2nd -v suppresses execution\n",
+"-w	suppress warnings\n",
+"-Woarg	specify system-specific `arg'\n",
+"-W[pfal]arg	pass `arg' to the preprocessor, compiler, assembler, or linker\n",
+	0 };
+	int i;
+	char *s;
+
+	msgs[0] = progname;
+	for (i = 0; msgs[i]; i++) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", msgs[i]);
+		if (strncmp("-tempdir", msgs[i], 8) == 0 && tempdir)
+			fprintf(stderr, "; default=%s", tempdir);
+	}
+#define xx(v) if ((s = getenv(#v))) fprintf(stderr, #v "=%s\n", s)
+	xx(LCCINPUTS);
+	xx(LCCDIR);
+#undef xx
+}
+
+/* initinputs - if LCCINPUTS or include is defined, use them to initialize various lists */
+static void initinputs(void) {
+	char *s = getenv("LCCINPUTS");
+	List b;
+
+	if (s == 0 || (s = inputs)[0] == 0)
+		s = ".";
+	if (s) {
+		lccinputs = path2list(s);
+		if ((b = lccinputs))
+			do {
+				b = b->link;
+				if (strcmp(b->str, ".") != 0) {
+					ilist = append(concat("-I", b->str), ilist);
+					if (strstr(com[1], "win32") == NULL)
+						llist[0] = append(concat("-L", b->str), llist[0]);
+				} else
+					b->str = "";
+			} while (b != lccinputs);
+	}
+}
+
+/* interrupt - catch interrupt signals */
+static void interrupt(int n) {
+	rm(rmlist);
+	exit(n = 100);
+}
+
+/* opt - process option in arg */
+static void opt(char *arg) {
+	switch (arg[1]) {	/* multi-character options */
+	case 'W':	/* -Wxarg */
+		if (arg[2] && arg[3])
+			switch (arg[2]) {
+			case 'o':
+				if (option(&arg[3]))
+					return;
+				break;
+			case 'p':
+				plist = append(&arg[3], plist);
+				return;
+			case 'f':
+				if (strcmp(&arg[3], "-C") || option("-b")) {
+					clist = append(&arg[3], clist);
+					return;
+				}
+				break; /* and fall thru */
+			case 'a':
+				alist = append(&arg[3], alist);
+				return;
+			case 'l':
+				llist[0] = append(&arg[3], llist[0]);
+				return;
+			}
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+		return;
+	case 'd':	/* -dn */
+		arg[1] = 's';
+		clist = append(arg, clist);
+		return;
+	case 't':	/* -t -tname -tempdir=dir */
+		if (strncmp(arg, "-tempdir=", 9) == 0)
+			tempdir = arg + 9;
+		else
+			clist = append(arg, clist);
+		return;
+	case 'p':	/* -p -pg */
+		if (option(arg))
+			clist = append(arg, clist);
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+		return;
+	case 'D':	/* -Dname -Dname=def */
+	case 'U':	/* -Uname */
+	case 'I':	/* -Idir */
+		plist = append(arg, plist);
+		return;
+	case 'B':	/* -Bdir -Bstatic -Bdynamic */
+#ifdef sparc
+		if (strcmp(arg, "-Bstatic") == 0 || strcmp(arg, "-Bdynamic") == 0)
+			llist[1] = append(arg, llist[1]);
+		else
+#endif	
+		{
+		static char *path;
+		if (path)
+			error("-B overwrites earlier option", 0);
+		path = arg + 2;
+		if (strstr(com[1], "win32") != NULL)
+			com[0] = concat(replace(path, '/', '\\'), concat("rcc", first(suffixes[4])));
+		else
+			com[0] = concat(path, "rcc");
+		if (path[0] == 0)
+			error("missing directory in -B option", 0);
+		}
+		return;
+	case 'h':
+		if (strcmp(arg, "-help") == 0) {
+			static int printed = 0;
+	case '?':
+			if (!printed)
+				help();
+			printed = 1;
+			return;
+		}
+#ifdef linux
+	case 's':
+		if (strcmp(arg,"-static") == 0) {
+			if (!option(arg))
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+			return;
+		}
+#endif         
+	}
+	if (arg[2] == 0)
+		switch (arg[1]) {	/* single-character options */
+		case 'S':
+			Sflag++;
+			return;
+		case 'O':
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+			return;
+		case 'A': case 'n': case 'w': case 'P':
+			clist = append(arg, clist);
+			return;
+		case 'g': case 'b':
+			if (option(arg))
+				clist = append(arg[1] == 'g' ? "-g2" : arg, clist);
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+			return;
+		case 'G':
+			if (option(arg)) {
+				clist = append("-g3", clist);
+				llist[0] = append("-N", llist[0]);
+			} else
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+			return;
+		case 'E':
+			Eflag++;
+			return;
+		case 'c':
+			cflag++;
+			return;
+		case 'N':
+			if (strcmp(basename(cpp[0]), "gcc-cpp") == 0)
+				plist = append("-nostdinc", plist);
+			include[0] = 0;
+			ilist = 0;
+			return;
+		case 'v':
+			if (verbose++ == 0) {
+				if (strcmp(basename(cpp[0]), "gcc-cpp") == 0)
+					plist = append(arg, plist);
+				clist = append(arg, clist);
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", progname, rcsid);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+	if (cflag || Sflag || Eflag)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s ignored\n", progname, arg);
+	else
+		llist[1] = append(arg, llist[1]);
+}
+
+/* path2list - convert a colon- or semicolon-separated list to a list */
+static List path2list(const char *path) {
+	List list = NULL;
+	char sep = ':';
+
+	if (path == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	if (strchr(path, ';'))
+		sep = ';';
+	while (*path) {
+		char *p, buf[512];
+		if ((p = strchr(path, sep))) {
+			assert(p - path < sizeof buf);
+			strncpy(buf, path, p - path);
+			buf[p-path] = '\0';
+		} else {
+			assert(strlen(path) < sizeof buf);
+			strcpy(buf, path);
+		}
+		if (!find(buf, list))
+			list = append(strsave(buf), list);
+		if (p == 0)
+			break;
+		path = p + 1;
+	}
+	return list;
+}
+
+/* replace - copy str, then replace occurrences of from with to, return the copy */
+char *replace(const char *str, int from, int to) {
+	char *s = strsave(str), *p = s;
+
+	for ( ; (p = strchr(p, from)) != NULL; p++)
+		*p = to;
+	return s;
+}
+
+/* rm - remove files in list */
+static void rm(List list) {
+	if (list) {
+		List b = list;
+		if (verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "rm");
+		do {
+			if (verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, " %s", b->str);
+			if (verbose < 2)
+				remove(b->str);
+		} while ((b = b->link) != list);
+		if (verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	}
+}
+
+/* strsave - return a saved copy of string str */
+char *strsave(const char *str) {
+	return strcpy(alloc(strlen(str)+1), str);
+}
+
+/* stringf - format and return a string */
+char *stringf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+	char buf[1024];
+	va_list ap;
+	int n;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	n = vsprintf(buf, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return strsave(buf);
+}
+
+/* suffix - if one of tails[0..n-1] holds a proper suffix of name, return its index */
+int suffix(char *name, char *tails[], int n) {
+	int i, len = strlen(name);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		char *s = tails[i], *t;
+		for ( ; (t = strchr(s, ';')); s = t + 1) {
+			int m = t - s;
+			if (len > m && strncmp(&name[len-m], s, m) == 0)
+				return i;
+		}
+		if (*s) {
+			int m = strlen(s);
+			if (len > m && strncmp(&name[len-m], s, m) == 0)
+				return i;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* tempname - generate a temporary file name in tempdir with given suffix */
+char *tempname(char *suffix) {
+	static int n;
+	char *name = stringf("%s/lcc%d%d%s", tempdir, getpid(), n++, suffix);
+
+	if (strstr(com[1], "win32") != NULL)
+		name = replace(name, '/', '\\');
+	rmlist = append(name, rmlist);
+	return name;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/lburg/gram.c b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/gram.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1cc890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/gram.c
@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+#if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
+#define YYCONST const
+#define YYPARAMS(x) x
+#define YYDEFUN(name, arglist, args) name(args)
+#define YYAND ,
+#define YYPTR void *
+#else
+#define YYCONST
+#define YYPARAMS(x) ()
+#define YYDEFUN(name, arglist, args) name arglist args;
+#define YYAND ;
+#define YYPTR char *
+#endif
+#ifndef lint
+YYCONST static char yysccsid[] = "@(#)yaccpar	1.8 (Berkeley +Cygnus.28) 01/20/91";
+#endif
+#define YYBYACC 1
+#ifndef YYDONT_INCLUDE_STDIO
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+//#ifdef __cplusplus TA <tim@ngus.net> stdlib.h applies to C too
+#include <stdlib.h> /* for malloc/realloc/free */
+//#endif
+#line 2 "lburg/gram.y"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "lburg.h"
+/*lint -e616 -e527 -e652 -esym(552,yynerrs) -esym(563,yynewstate,yyerrlab) */
+static int yylineno = 0;
+#line 8 "lburg/gram.y"
+typedef union {
+	int n;
+	char *string;
+	Tree tree;
+} YYSTYPE;
+#line 37 "y.tab.c"
+#define TERMINAL 257
+#define START 258
+#define PPERCENT 259
+#define ID 260
+#define TEMPLATE 261
+#define CODE 262
+#define INT 263
+#define YYERRCODE 256
+static YYCONST short yylhs[] = {                                        -1,
+    0,    0,    4,    4,    6,    6,    6,    6,    7,    7,
+    5,    5,    5,    5,    1,    3,    3,    3,    2,
+};
+static YYCONST short yylen[] = {                                         2,
+    3,    1,    0,    2,    3,    3,    1,    2,    0,    4,
+    0,    7,    2,    3,    1,    1,    4,    6,    1,
+};
+static YYCONST short yydefred[] = {                                      3,
+    0,    0,    0,    9,    0,   11,    7,    4,    8,    0,
+   15,    0,    0,    0,    5,    6,    0,   13,    0,    0,
+   14,    0,   10,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,   19,    0,
+   17,    0,   12,    0,   18,
+};
+static YYCONST short yydgoto[] = {                                       1,
+   12,   30,   25,    2,   13,    8,   10,
+};
+static YYCONST short yysindex[] = {                                      0,
+    0,   -4,   -2,    0, -250,    0,    0,    0,    0,   -9,
+    0,    1,  -10,  -49,    0,    0,    3,    0,  -44, -248,
+    0, -244,    0,  -22, -242, -244, -245,  -37,    0,   10,
+    0, -244,    0,  -20,    0,
+};
+static YYCONST short yyrindex[] = {                                      0,
+    0,   22,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,   23,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,  -39,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+};
+static YYCONST short yygindex[] = {                                      0,
+   11,    0,  -23,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+};
+#define YYTABLESIZE 255
+static YYCONST short yytable[] = {                                      18,
+   15,   16,   28,   31,   16,    7,   32,    9,   34,   11,
+   16,   20,   21,   22,   23,   24,   29,   26,   27,   33,
+   35,    2,    1,   19,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,   16,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,   17,    0,    0,    0,   11,
+   14,    3,    4,    5,    6,
+};
+static YYCONST short yycheck[] = {                                      10,
+   10,   41,   26,   41,   44,   10,   44,   10,   32,  260,
+   10,   61,   10,   58,  263,  260,  262,   40,  261,   10,
+   41,    0,    0,   13,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,  261,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,
+   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  256,   -1,   -1,   -1,  260,
+  260,  256,  257,  258,  259,
+};
+#define YYFINAL 1
+#ifndef YYDEBUG
+#define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+#define YYMAXTOKEN 263
+#if YYDEBUG
+static YYCONST char *YYCONST yyname[] = {
+"end-of-file",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,"'\\n'",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,"'('","')'",0,0,"','",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,"':'",0,0,
+"'='",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+"TERMINAL","START","PPERCENT","ID","TEMPLATE","CODE","INT",
+};
+static YYCONST char *YYCONST yyrule[] = {
+"$accept : spec",
+"spec : decls PPERCENT rules",
+"spec : decls",
+"decls :",
+"decls : decls decl",
+"decl : TERMINAL blist '\\n'",
+"decl : START nonterm '\\n'",
+"decl : '\\n'",
+"decl : error '\\n'",
+"blist :",
+"blist : blist ID '=' INT",
+"rules :",
+"rules : rules nonterm ':' tree TEMPLATE cost '\\n'",
+"rules : rules '\\n'",
+"rules : rules error '\\n'",
+"nonterm : ID",
+"tree : ID",
+"tree : ID '(' tree ')'",
+"tree : ID '(' tree ',' tree ')'",
+"cost : CODE",
+};
+#endif
+#define YYLEX yylex()
+#define YYEMPTY -1
+#define yyclearin (yychar=(YYEMPTY))
+#define yyerrok (yyerrflag=0)
+#ifndef YYINITDEPTH
+#define YYINITDEPTH 200
+#endif
+#ifdef YYSTACKSIZE
+#ifndef YYMAXDEPTH
+#define YYMAXDEPTH YYSTACKSIZE
+#endif
+#else
+#ifdef YYMAXDEPTH
+#define YYSTACKSIZE YYMAXDEPTH
+#else
+#define YYSTACKSIZE 500
+#define YYMAXDEPTH 500
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef YYMAXSTACKSIZE
+#define YYMAXSTACKSIZE 10000
+#endif
+int yydebug;
+int yynerrs;
+int yyerrflag;
+int yychar;
+YYSTYPE yyval;
+YYSTYPE yylval;
+static short *yyss;
+static YYSTYPE *yyvs;
+static int yystacksize;
+#define yyfree(x) free(x)
+extern int yylex();
+
+static YYPTR
+YYDEFUN (yymalloc, (bytes), unsigned bytes)
+{
+    YYPTR ptr = (YYPTR) malloc (bytes);
+    if (ptr != 0) return (ptr);
+    yyerror ("yyparse: memory exhausted");
+    return (0);
+}
+
+static YYPTR
+YYDEFUN (yyrealloc, (old, bytes), YYPTR old YYAND unsigned bytes)
+{
+    YYPTR ptr = (YYPTR) realloc (old, bytes);
+    if (ptr != 0) return (ptr);
+    yyerror ("yyparse: memory exhausted");
+    return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+inline
+#endif
+yygrow ()
+{
+#if YYDEBUG
+    int old_stacksize = yystacksize;
+#endif
+    short *new_yyss;
+    YYSTYPE *new_yyvs;
+
+    if (yystacksize == YYMAXSTACKSIZE)
+        return (1);
+    yystacksize += (yystacksize + 1 ) / 2;
+    if (yystacksize > YYMAXSTACKSIZE)
+        yystacksize = YYMAXSTACKSIZE;
+#if YYDEBUG
+    if (yydebug)
+        printf("yydebug: growing stack size from %d to %d\n",
+               old_stacksize, yystacksize);
+#endif
+    new_yyss = (short *) yyrealloc ((char *)yyss, yystacksize * sizeof (short));
+    if (new_yyss == 0)
+        return (1);
+    new_yyvs = (YYSTYPE *) yyrealloc ((char *)yyvs, yystacksize * sizeof (YYSTYPE));
+    if (new_yyvs == 0)
+    {
+        yyfree (new_yyss);
+        return (1);
+    }
+    yyss = new_yyss;
+    yyvs = new_yyvs;
+    return (0);
+}
+#line 60 "lburg/gram.y"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+int errcnt = 0;
+FILE *infp = NULL;
+FILE *outfp = NULL;
+static char buf[BUFSIZ], *bp = buf;
+static int ppercent = 0;
+static int code = 0;
+
+static int get(void) {
+	if (*bp == 0) {
+		bp = buf;
+		*bp = 0;
+		if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, infp) == NULL)
+			return EOF;
+		yylineno++;
+		while (buf[0] == '%' && buf[1] == '{' && buf[2] == '\n') {
+			for (;;) {
+				if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, infp) == NULL) {
+					yywarn("unterminated %{...%}\n");
+					return EOF;
+				}
+				yylineno++;
+				if (strcmp(buf, "%}\n") == 0)
+					break;
+				fputs(buf, outfp);
+			}
+			if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, infp) == NULL)
+				return EOF;
+			yylineno++;
+		}
+	}
+	return *bp++;
+}
+
+void yyerror(char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (yylineno > 0)
+		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: ", yylineno);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	if (fmt[strlen(fmt)-1] != '\n')
+		 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	errcnt++;
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+int yylex(void) {
+	int c;
+
+	if (code) {
+		char *p;
+		bp += strspn(bp, " \t\f");
+		p = strchr(bp, '\n');
+		if (p == NULL)
+			p = strchr(bp, '\n');
+		while (p > bp && isspace(p[-1]))
+			p--;
+		yylval.string = alloc(p - bp + 1);
+		strncpy(yylval.string, bp, p - bp);
+		yylval.string[p - bp] = 0;
+		bp = p;
+		code--;
+		return CODE;
+	}
+	while ((c = get()) != EOF) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case ' ': case '\f': case '\t':
+			continue;
+		case '\n':
+		case '(': case ')': case ',':
+		case ':': case '=':
+			return c;
+		}
+		if (c == '%' && *bp == '%') {
+			bp++;
+			return ppercent++ ? 0 : PPERCENT;
+		} else if (c == '%' && strncmp(bp, "term", 4) == 0
+		&& isspace(bp[4])) {
+			bp += 4;
+			return TERMINAL;
+		} else if (c == '%' && strncmp(bp, "start", 5) == 0
+		&& isspace(bp[5])) {
+			bp += 5;
+			return START;
+		} else if (c == '"') {
+			char *p = strchr(bp, '"');
+			if (p == NULL) {
+				yyerror("missing \" in assembler template\n");
+				p = strchr(bp, '\n');
+				if (p == NULL)
+					p = strchr(bp, '\0');
+			}
+			assert(p);
+			yylval.string = alloc(p - bp + 1);
+			strncpy(yylval.string, bp, p - bp);
+			yylval.string[p - bp] = 0;
+			bp = *p == '"' ? p + 1 : p;
+			code++;
+			return TEMPLATE;
+		} else if (isdigit(c)) {
+			int n = 0;
+			do {
+				int d = c - '0';
+				if (n > (INT_MAX - d)/10)
+					yyerror("integer greater than %d\n", INT_MAX);
+				else
+					n = 10*n + d;
+				c = get();
+			} while (c != EOF && isdigit(c));
+			bp--;
+			yylval.n = n;
+			return INT;
+		} else if (isalpha(c)) {
+			char *p = bp - 1;
+			while (isalpha(*bp) || isdigit(*bp) || *bp == '_')
+				bp++;
+			yylval.string = alloc(bp - p + 1);
+			strncpy(yylval.string, p, bp - p);
+			yylval.string[bp - p] = 0;
+			return ID;
+		} else if (isprint(c))
+			yyerror("invalid character `%c'\n", c);
+		else
+			yyerror("invalid character `\\%03o'\n", (unsigned char)c);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void yywarn(char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (yylineno > 0)
+		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: ", yylineno);
+	fprintf(stderr, "warning: ");
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+}
+#line 403 "y.tab.c"
+#define YYABORT goto yyabort
+#define YYACCEPT goto yyaccept
+#define YYERROR goto yyerrlab
+
+#if YYDEBUG
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" char *getenv();
+#else
+extern char *getenv();
+#endif
+#endif
+
+int
+yyparse()
+{
+    register int yym, yyn, yystate;
+    register YYSTYPE *yyvsp;
+    register short *yyssp;
+    short *yysse;
+#if YYDEBUG
+    register YYCONST char *yys;
+
+    if (yys = getenv("YYDEBUG"))
+    {
+        yyn = *yys;
+        if (yyn >= '0' && yyn <= '9')
+            yydebug = yyn - '0';
+    }
+#endif
+
+    yynerrs = 0;
+    yyerrflag = 0;
+    yychar = (-1);
+
+    if (yyss == 0)
+    {
+        yyss = (short *) yymalloc (YYSTACKSIZE * sizeof (short));
+        if (yyss == 0)
+          goto yyabort;
+        yyvs = (YYSTYPE *) yymalloc (YYSTACKSIZE * sizeof (YYSTYPE));
+        if (yyvs == 0)
+        {
+            yyfree (yyss);
+            goto yyabort;
+        }
+        yystacksize = YYSTACKSIZE;
+    }
+    yysse = yyss + yystacksize - 1;
+    yyssp = yyss;
+    yyvsp = yyvs;
+    *yyssp = yystate = 0;
+    goto yyloop;
+
+yypush_lex:
+    yyval = yylval;
+    yystate = yytable[yyn];
+yypush:
+    if (yyssp >= yysse)
+    {
+        int depth = yyssp - yyss;
+        if (yygrow() != 0)
+             goto yyoverflow;
+        yysse = yyss + yystacksize -1;
+        yyssp = depth + yyss;
+        yyvsp = depth + yyvs;
+    }
+    *++yyssp = yystate;
+    *++yyvsp = yyval;
+
+yyloop:
+    if ((yyn = yydefred[yystate])) goto yyreduce;
+    yyn = yysindex[yystate];
+    if (yychar < 0)
+    {
+        if ((yychar = yylex()) < 0) yychar = 0;
+#if YYDEBUG
+        if (yydebug)
+        {
+            yys = 0;
+            if (yychar <= YYMAXTOKEN) yys = yyname[yychar];
+            if (!yys) yys = "illegal-symbol";
+            printf("yydebug: state %d, reading %d (%s)\n", yystate,
+                    yychar, yys);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+    if (yyn != 0
+        && ((yyn += yychar), ((unsigned)yyn <= (unsigned)YYTABLESIZE))
+        && yycheck[yyn] == yychar)
+    {
+#if YYDEBUG
+        if (yydebug)
+            printf("yydebug: state %d, shifting to state %d\n",
+                    yystate, yytable[yyn]);
+#endif
+        if (yyerrflag > 0)  --yyerrflag;
+        yychar = (-1);
+        goto yypush_lex;
+    }
+    yyn = yyrindex[yystate];
+    if (yyn != 0
+        && ((yyn += yychar), ((unsigned)yyn <= (unsigned)YYTABLESIZE))
+        && yycheck[yyn] == yychar)
+    {
+        yyn = yytable[yyn];
+        goto yyreduce;
+    }
+    if (yyerrflag) goto yyinrecovery;
+#ifdef lint
+    goto yynewerror;
+yynewerror:
+#endif
+    yyerror("syntax error");
+#ifdef lint
+    goto yyerrlab;
+yyerrlab:
+#endif
+    ++yynerrs;
+yyinrecovery:
+    if (yyerrflag < 3)
+    {
+        yyerrflag = 3;
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            yyn = yysindex[*yyssp];
+            if (yyn != 0
+                && ((yyn += YYERRCODE), ((unsigned)yyn <= (unsigned)YYTABLESIZE))
+                && yycheck[yyn] == YYERRCODE)
+            {
+#if YYDEBUG
+                if (yydebug)
+                    printf("yydebug: state %d, error recovery shifting\
+ to state %d\n", *yyssp, yytable[yyn]);
+#endif
+                goto yypush_lex;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+#if YYDEBUG
+                if (yydebug)
+                    printf("yydebug: error recovery discarding state %d\n",
+                            *yyssp);
+#endif
+                if (yyssp <= yyss) goto yyabort;
+                --yyssp;
+                --yyvsp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (yychar == 0) goto yyabort;
+#if YYDEBUG
+        if (yydebug)
+        {
+            yys = 0;
+            if (yychar <= YYMAXTOKEN) yys = yyname[yychar];
+            if (!yys) yys = "illegal-symbol";
+            printf("yydebug: state %d, error recovery discards token %d (%s)\n",
+                    yystate, yychar, yys);
+        }
+#endif
+        yychar = (-1);
+        goto yyloop;
+    }
+yyreduce:
+#if YYDEBUG
+    if (yydebug)
+        printf("yydebug: state %d, reducing by rule %d (%s)\n",
+                yystate, yyn, yyrule[yyn]);
+#endif
+    yym = yylen[yyn];
+    yyval = yyvsp[1-yym];
+    switch (yyn)
+    {
+case 1:
+#line 22 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yylineno = 0; }
+break;
+case 2:
+#line 23 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yylineno = 0; }
+break;
+case 6:
+#line 31 "lburg/gram.y"
+{
+		if (nonterm(yyvsp[-1].string)->number != 1)
+			yyerror("redeclaration of the start symbol\n");
+		}
+break;
+case 8:
+#line 36 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yyerrok; }
+break;
+case 10:
+#line 40 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ term(yyvsp[-2].string, yyvsp[0].n); }
+break;
+case 12:
+#line 44 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ rule(yyvsp[-5].string, yyvsp[-3].tree, yyvsp[-2].string, yyvsp[-1].string); }
+break;
+case 14:
+#line 46 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yyerrok; }
+break;
+case 15:
+#line 49 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ nonterm(yyval.string = yyvsp[0].string); }
+break;
+case 16:
+#line 52 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yyval.tree = tree(yyvsp[0].string,  0,  0); }
+break;
+case 17:
+#line 53 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yyval.tree = tree(yyvsp[-3].string, yyvsp[-1].tree,  0); }
+break;
+case 18:
+#line 54 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ yyval.tree = tree(yyvsp[-5].string, yyvsp[-3].tree, yyvsp[-1].tree); }
+break;
+case 19:
+#line 57 "lburg/gram.y"
+{ if (*yyvsp[0].string == 0) yyval.string = "0"; }
+break;
+#line 630 "y.tab.c"
+    }
+    yyssp -= yym;
+    yyvsp -= yym;
+    yym = yylhs[yyn];
+    yystate = *yyssp;
+    if (yystate == 0 && yym == 0)
+    {
+#if YYDEBUG
+        if (yydebug)
+            printf("yydebug: after reduction, shifting from state 0 to\
+ state %d\n", YYFINAL);
+#endif
+        yystate = YYFINAL;
+        *++yyssp = YYFINAL;
+        *++yyvsp = yyval;
+        if (yychar < 0)
+        {
+            if ((yychar = yylex()) < 0) yychar = 0;
+#if YYDEBUG
+            if (yydebug)
+            {
+                yys = 0;
+                if (yychar <= YYMAXTOKEN) yys = yyname[yychar];
+                if (!yys) yys = "illegal-symbol";
+                printf("yydebug: state %d, reading %d (%s)\n",
+                        YYFINAL, yychar, yys);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+        if (yychar == 0) goto yyaccept;
+        goto yyloop;
+    }
+    yyn = yygindex[yym];
+	 if (yyn != 0
+        && ((yyn += yystate), ((unsigned)yyn <= (unsigned)YYTABLESIZE))
+        && yycheck[yyn] == yystate)
+        yystate = yytable[yyn];
+    else
+        yystate = yydgoto[yym];
+#if YYDEBUG
+    if (yydebug)
+        printf("yydebug: after reduction, shifting from state %d \
+to state %d\n", *yyssp, yystate);
+#endif
+    goto yypush;
+yyoverflow:
+    yyerror("yacc stack overflow");
+yyabort:
+    return (1);
+yyaccept:
+    return (0);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/lburg/gram.y b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/gram.y
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ecd8a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/gram.y
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+%{
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "lburg.h"
+static char rcsid[] = "$Id: gram.y 145 2001-10-17 21:53:10Z timo $";
+/*lint -e616 -e527 -e652 -esym(552,yynerrs) -esym(563,yynewstate,yyerrlab) */
+static int yylineno = 0;
+%}
+%union {
+	int n;
+	char *string;
+	Tree tree;
+}
+%term TERMINAL
+%term START
+%term PPERCENT
+
+%token  <string>        ID TEMPLATE CODE
+%token  <n>             INT
+%type	<string>	nonterm cost
+%type   <tree>          tree
+%%
+spec	: decls PPERCENT rules		{ yylineno = 0; }
+	| decls				{ yylineno = 0; }
+	;
+
+decls	: /* lambda */
+	| decls decl
+	;
+
+decl	: TERMINAL  blist '\n'
+	| START nonterm '\n'		{
+		if (nonterm($2)->number != 1)
+			yyerror("redeclaration of the start symbol\n");
+		}
+	| '\n'
+	| error '\n'			{ yyerrok; }
+	;
+
+blist	: /* lambda */
+	| blist ID '=' INT      	{ term($2, $4); }
+	;
+
+rules	: /* lambda */
+	| rules nonterm ':' tree TEMPLATE cost '\n'	{ rule($2, $4, $5, $6); }
+	| rules '\n'
+	| rules error '\n'		{ yyerrok; }
+	;
+
+nonterm	: ID				{ nonterm($$ = $1); }
+	;
+
+tree	: ID                            { $$ = tree($1,  0,  0); }
+	| ID '(' tree ')'               { $$ = tree($1, $3,  0); }
+	| ID '(' tree ',' tree ')'      { $$ = tree($1, $3, $5); }
+	;
+
+cost	: CODE				{ if (*$1 == 0) $$ = "0"; }
+	;
+%%
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+int errcnt = 0;
+FILE *infp = NULL;
+FILE *outfp = NULL;
+static char buf[BUFSIZ], *bp = buf;
+static int ppercent = 0;
+static int code = 0;
+
+static int get(void) {
+	if (*bp == 0) {
+		bp = buf;
+		*bp = 0;
+		if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, infp) == NULL)
+			return EOF;
+		yylineno++;
+		while (buf[0] == '%' && buf[1] == '{' && buf[2] == '\n') {
+			for (;;) {
+				if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, infp) == NULL) {
+					yywarn("unterminated %{...%}\n");
+					return EOF;
+				}
+				yylineno++;
+				if (strcmp(buf, "%}\n") == 0)
+					break;
+				fputs(buf, outfp);
+			}
+			if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, infp) == NULL)
+				return EOF;
+			yylineno++;
+		}
+	}
+	return *bp++;
+}
+
+void yyerror(char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (yylineno > 0)
+		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: ", yylineno);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	if (fmt[strlen(fmt)-1] != '\n')
+		 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	errcnt++;
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+int yylex(void) {
+	int c;
+
+	if (code) {
+		char *p;
+		bp += strspn(bp, " \t\f");
+		p = strchr(bp, '\n');
+		if (p == NULL)
+			p = strchr(bp, '\n');
+		while (p > bp && isspace(p[-1]))
+			p--;
+		yylval.string = alloc(p - bp + 1);
+		strncpy(yylval.string, bp, p - bp);
+		yylval.string[p - bp] = 0;
+		bp = p;
+		code--;
+		return CODE;
+	}
+	while ((c = get()) != EOF) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case ' ': case '\f': case '\t':
+			continue;
+		case '\n':
+		case '(': case ')': case ',':
+		case ':': case '=':
+			return c;
+		}
+		if (c == '%' && *bp == '%') {
+			bp++;
+			return ppercent++ ? 0 : PPERCENT;
+		} else if (c == '%' && strncmp(bp, "term", 4) == 0
+		&& isspace(bp[4])) {
+			bp += 4;
+			return TERMINAL;
+		} else if (c == '%' && strncmp(bp, "start", 5) == 0
+		&& isspace(bp[5])) {
+			bp += 5;
+			return START;
+		} else if (c == '"') {
+			char *p = strchr(bp, '"');
+			if (p == NULL) {
+				yyerror("missing \" in assembler template\n");
+				p = strchr(bp, '\n');
+				if (p == NULL)
+					p = strchr(bp, '\0');
+			}
+			assert(p);
+			yylval.string = alloc(p - bp + 1);
+			strncpy(yylval.string, bp, p - bp);
+			yylval.string[p - bp] = 0;
+			bp = *p == '"' ? p + 1 : p;
+			code++;
+			return TEMPLATE;
+		} else if (isdigit(c)) {
+			int n = 0;
+			do {
+				int d = c - '0';
+				if (n > (INT_MAX - d)/10)
+					yyerror("integer greater than %d\n", INT_MAX);
+				else
+					n = 10*n + d;
+				c = get();
+			} while (c != EOF && isdigit(c));
+			bp--;
+			yylval.n = n;
+			return INT;
+		} else if (isalpha(c)) {
+			char *p = bp - 1;
+			while (isalpha(*bp) || isdigit(*bp) || *bp == '_')
+				bp++;
+			yylval.string = alloc(bp - p + 1);
+			strncpy(yylval.string, p, bp - p);
+			yylval.string[bp - p] = 0;
+			return ID;
+		} else if (isprint(c))
+			yyerror("invalid character `%c'\n", c);
+		else
+			yyerror("invalid character `\\%03o'\n", (unsigned char)c);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void yywarn(char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (yylineno > 0)
+		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: ", yylineno);
+	fprintf(stderr, "warning: ");
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.1 b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cf7250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+.TH LBURG 1 "local \- 11/30/94"
+.\" $Id: lburg.1 145 2001-10-17 21:53:10Z timo $
+.SH NAME
+lburg \- lcc's code-generator generator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lburg
+[
+.I option
+]...
+[ [
+.I input
+]
+.I output
+]
+.br
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+.I lburg
+reads an lcc-style BURG specification from
+.I input
+and writes a pattern-matching code generator to
+.IR output .
+If
+.I input
+is `\-' or is omitted,
+.I lburg
+reads the standard input;
+If
+.I output
+is `\-' or is omitted,
+.I lburg
+writes to the standard output.
+.PP
+.I lburg
+accepts specifications that conform to the following EBNF grammar.
+Terminals are enclosed in single quotes or are
+given in uppercase, all other symbols are nonterminals or English phrases,
+{X} denotes zero or more instances of X, and [X] denotes an optional X.
+.PP
+.nf
+.RS
+.ft CW
+spec:     `%{' configuration `%}' { dcl } `%%' { rule }
+               [ `%%' C code ]
+
+dcl:      `%start' nonterm
+          `%term' { ID `=' INT }
+
+rule:     nonterm `:' tree template [ C expression ]
+
+tree:     term `(' tree `,' tree `)'
+          term `(' tree `)'
+          term
+          nonterm
+
+nonterm:  ID
+
+template: `"' { any character except double quote } `"'
+.RE
+.fi
+.PP
+Specifications are structurally similar to
+.IR yacc 's.
+Text between
+`\f(CW%{\fP'
+and
+`\f(CW%}\fP'
+is called the configuration section; there may be several such segments.
+All are concatenated and copied verbatim into the head of the output.
+Text after the second
+`\f(CW%%\fP',
+if any, is also copied verbatim into the output, at the end.
+.PP
+Specifications consist of declarations, a
+`\f(CW%%\fP'
+separator, and rules.
+Input is line-oriented; each declaration and rule must appear on a separate line,
+and declarations must begin in column 1.
+Declarations declare terminals \(em the operators in subject
+trees \(em and associate a unique, positive external symbol
+number with each one.
+Nonterminals are declared by their presence
+on the left side of rules.  The
+\f(CW%start\fP
+declaration optionally declares a nonterminal as the start symbol.
+In the grammar above,
+\f(CWterm\fP
+and
+\f(CWnonterm\fP
+denote identifiers that are terminals and nonterminals.
+.PP
+Rules define tree patterns in a fully parenthesized prefix
+form. Every nonterminal denotes a tree.
+Each operator has a fixed
+arity, which is inferred from the rules in which it is used.
+A chain rule is a rule whose pattern is another nonterminal.
+If no start symbol is declared, the nonterminal defined by the first rule is used.
+.PP
+Each rule ends with an expression that computes the cost of matching
+that rule; omitted costs
+default to zero. Costs of chain rules must be constants.
+.PP
+The configuration section configures the output
+for the trees being parsed and the client's environment.
+As shown, this section must define
+\f(CWNODEPTR_TYPE\fP
+to be a visible typedef symbol for a pointer to a
+node in the subject tree.
+The labeller invokes
+\f(CWOP_LABEL(p)\fP,
+\f(CWLEFT\_CHILD(p)\fP, and
+\f(CWRIGHT\_CHILD(p)\fP
+to read the operator and children from the node pointed to by \f(CWp\fP.
+If the configuration section defines these operations as macros, they are implemented in-line;
+otherwise, they must be implemented as functions.
+.PP
+The matcher
+computes and stores a single integral state in each node of the subject tree.
+The configuration section must define a macro
+\f(CWSTATE_LABEL(p)\fP
+to access the state field of the node pointed to
+by \f(CWp\fP. It must be large enough to hold a pointer, and
+a macro is required because it is used as an lvalue.
+.PP
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-p \ prefix
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.BI \-p prefix
+Use
+.I prefix
+as the disambiquating prefix for visible names and fields.
+The default is `\f(CW_\fP'.
+.TP
+.B \-T
+Arrange for
+.sp
+.nf
+.ft CW
+    void _trace(NODEPTR_TYPE p, int eruleno,
+                    int cost, int bestcost);
+.sp
+.fi
+.ft R
+to be called at each successful match.
+\f(CWp\fP
+identifies the node and
+\f(CWeruleno\fP
+identifies the matching rule; the rules are numbered
+beginning at 1 in the order they appear in the input.
+\f(CWcost\fP
+is the cost of the match and
+\f(CWbestcost\fP
+is the cost of the best previous match. The current match
+wins only if
+\f(CWcost\fP
+is less than \f(CWbestcost\fP.
+32767 represents the infinite cost of no previous match.
+\f(CW_trace\fP must be declared in the configuration section.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR lcc (1)
+.PP
+C. W. Fraser and D. R. Hanson,
+.IR A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation ,
+Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City, CA, 1995,
+ISBN 0-8053-1670-1. Chapter 14.
+.PP
+C. W. Fraser, D. R. Hanson and T. A. Proebsting,
+`Engineering a simple, efficient code generator generator,'
+.I
+ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems
+.BR 1 ,
+3 (Sep. 1992), 213-226.
+.br
+.SH BUGS
+Mail bug reports along with the shortest input
+that exposes them to drh@cs.princeton.edu.
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.c b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43c96a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include "lburg.h"
+
+static char rcsid[] = "lburg.c - faked rcsid";
+
+static char *prefix = "";
+static int Tflag = 0;
+static int ntnumber = 0;
+static Nonterm start = 0;
+static Term terms;
+static Nonterm nts;
+static Rule rules;
+static int nrules;
+static struct block {
+	struct block *link;
+} *memlist;			/* list of allocated blocks */
+
+static char *stringf(char *fmt, ...);
+static void print(char *fmt, ...);
+static void ckreach(Nonterm p);
+static void emitclosure(Nonterm nts);
+static void emitcost(Tree t, char *v);
+static void emitdefs(Nonterm nts, int ntnumber);
+static void emitheader(void);
+static void emitkids(Rule rules, int nrules);
+static void emitnts(Rule rules, int nrules);
+static void emitrecalc(char *pre, Term root, Term kid);
+static void emitrecord(char *pre, Rule r, char *c, int cost);
+static void emitrule(Nonterm nts);
+static void emitlabel(Term terms, Nonterm start, int ntnumber);
+static void emitstring(Rule rules);
+static void emitstruct(Nonterm nts, int ntnumber);
+static void emittest(Tree t, char *v, char *suffix);
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int c, i;
+	Nonterm p;
+	
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-T") == 0)
+			Tflag = 1;
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-p", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2])
+			prefix = &argv[i][2];
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-p", 2) == 0 && i + 1 < argc)
+			prefix = argv[++i];
+		else if (*argv[i] == '-' && argv[i][1]) {
+			yyerror("usage: %s [-T | -p prefix]... [ [ input ] output ] \n",
+				argv[0]);
+			exit(1);
+		} else if (infp == NULL) {
+			if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0)
+				infp = stdin;
+			else if ((infp = fopen(argv[i], "r")) == NULL) {
+				yyerror("%s: can't read `%s'\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		} else if (outfp == NULL) {
+			if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0)
+				outfp = stdout;
+			if ((outfp = fopen(argv[i], "w")) == NULL) {
+				yyerror("%s: can't write `%s'\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+	if (infp == NULL)
+		infp = stdin;
+	if (outfp == NULL)
+		outfp = stdout;
+	yyparse();
+	if (start)
+		ckreach(start);
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link) {
+		if (p->rules == NULL)
+			yyerror("undefined nonterminal `%s'\n", p->name);
+		if (!p->reached)
+			yyerror("can't reach nonterminal `%s'\n", p->name);
+	}
+	emitheader();
+	emitdefs(nts, ntnumber);
+	emitstruct(nts, ntnumber);
+	emitnts(rules, nrules);
+	emitstring(rules);
+	emitrule(nts);
+	emitclosure(nts);
+	if (start)
+		emitlabel(terms, start, ntnumber);
+	emitkids(rules, nrules);
+	if (!feof(infp))
+		while ((c = getc(infp)) != EOF)
+			putc(c, outfp);
+	while (memlist) {	/* for purify */
+		struct block *q = memlist->link;
+		free(memlist);
+		memlist = q;
+	}
+	return errcnt > 0;
+}
+
+/* alloc - allocate nbytes or issue fatal error */
+void *alloc(int nbytes) {
+	struct block *p = calloc(1, sizeof *p + nbytes);
+
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		yyerror("out of memory\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	p->link = memlist;
+	memlist = p;
+	return p + 1;
+}
+
+/* stringf - format and save a string */
+static char *stringf(char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+	char buf[512];
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vsprintf(buf, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return strcpy(alloc(strlen(buf) + 1), buf);
+}	
+
+struct entry {
+	union {
+		char *name;
+		struct term t;
+		struct nonterm nt;
+	} sym;
+	struct entry *link;
+} *table[211];
+#define HASHSIZE (sizeof table/sizeof table[0])
+
+/* hash - return hash number for str */
+static unsigned hash(char *str) {
+	unsigned h = 0;
+
+	while (*str)
+		h = (h<<1) + *str++;
+	return h;
+}
+
+/* lookup - lookup symbol name */
+static void *lookup(char *name) {
+	struct entry *p = table[hash(name)%HASHSIZE];
+
+	for ( ; p; p = p->link)
+		if (strcmp(name, p->sym.name) == 0)
+			return &p->sym;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* install - install symbol name */
+static void *install(char *name) {
+	struct entry *p = alloc(sizeof *p);
+	int i = hash(name)%HASHSIZE;
+
+	p->sym.name = name;
+	p->link = table[i];
+	table[i] = p;
+	return &p->sym;
+}
+
+/* nonterm - create a new terminal id, if necessary */
+Nonterm nonterm(char *id) {
+	Nonterm p = lookup(id), *q = &nts;
+
+	if (p && p->kind == NONTERM)
+		return p;
+	if (p && p->kind == TERM)
+		yyerror("`%s' is a terminal\n", id);
+	p = install(id);
+	p->kind = NONTERM;
+	p->number = ++ntnumber;
+	if (p->number == 1)
+		start = p;
+	while (*q && (*q)->number < p->number)
+		q = &(*q)->link;
+	assert(*q == 0 || (*q)->number != p->number);
+	p->link = *q;
+	*q = p;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* term - create a new terminal id with external symbol number esn */
+Term term(char *id, int esn) {
+	Term p = lookup(id), *q = &terms;
+
+	if (p)
+		yyerror("redefinition of terminal `%s'\n", id);
+	else
+		p = install(id);
+	p->kind = TERM;
+	p->esn = esn;
+	p->arity = -1;
+	while (*q && (*q)->esn < p->esn)
+		q = &(*q)->link;
+	if (*q && (*q)->esn == p->esn)
+		yyerror("duplicate external symbol number `%s=%d'\n",
+			p->name, p->esn);
+	p->link = *q;
+	*q = p;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* tree - create & initialize a tree node with the given fields */
+Tree tree(char *id, Tree left, Tree right) {
+	Tree t = alloc(sizeof *t);
+	Term p = lookup(id);
+	int arity = 0;
+
+	if (left && right)
+		arity = 2;
+	else if (left)
+		arity = 1;
+	if (p == NULL && arity > 0) {
+		yyerror("undefined terminal `%s'\n", id);
+		p = term(id, -1);
+	} else if (p == NULL && arity == 0)
+		p = (Term)nonterm(id);
+	else if (p && p->kind == NONTERM && arity > 0) {
+		yyerror("`%s' is a nonterminal\n", id);
+		p = term(id, -1);
+	}
+	if (p->kind == TERM && p->arity == -1)
+		p->arity = arity;
+	if (p->kind == TERM && arity != p->arity)
+		yyerror("inconsistent arity for terminal `%s'\n", id);
+	t->op = p;
+	t->nterms = p->kind == TERM;
+	if ((t->left = left) != NULL)
+		t->nterms += left->nterms;
+	if ((t->right = right) != NULL)
+		t->nterms += right->nterms;
+	return t;
+}
+
+/* rule - create & initialize a rule with the given fields */
+Rule rule(char *id, Tree pattern, char *template, char *code) {
+	Rule r = alloc(sizeof *r), *q;
+	Term p = pattern->op;
+	char *end;
+
+	r->lhs = nonterm(id);
+	r->packed = ++r->lhs->lhscount;
+	for (q = &r->lhs->rules; *q; q = &(*q)->decode)
+		;
+	*q = r;
+	r->pattern = pattern;
+	r->ern = ++nrules;
+	r->template = template;
+	r->code = code;
+	r->cost = strtol(code, &end, 10);
+	if (*end) {
+		r->cost = -1;
+		r->code = stringf("(%s)", code);
+	}
+	if (p->kind == TERM) {
+		for (q = &p->rules; *q; q = &(*q)->next)
+			;
+		*q = r;
+	} else if (pattern->left == NULL && pattern->right == NULL) {
+		Nonterm p = pattern->op;
+		r->chain = p->chain;
+	        p->chain = r;
+		if (r->cost == -1)
+			yyerror("illegal nonconstant cost `%s'\n", code);
+	}
+	for (q = &rules; *q; q = &(*q)->link)
+		;
+	r->link = *q;
+	*q = r;
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* print - formatted output */
+static void print(char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	for ( ; *fmt; fmt++)
+		if (*fmt == '%')
+			switch (*++fmt) {
+			case 'd': fprintf(outfp, "%d", va_arg(ap, int)); break;
+			case 's': fputs(va_arg(ap, char *), outfp); break;
+			case 'P': fprintf(outfp, "%s_", prefix); break;
+			case 'T': {
+				Tree t = va_arg(ap, Tree);
+				print("%S", t->op);
+				if (t->left && t->right)
+					print("(%T,%T)", t->left, t->right);
+				else if (t->left)
+					print("(%T)", t->left);
+				break;
+				}
+			case 'R': {
+				Rule r = va_arg(ap, Rule);
+				print("%S: %T", r->lhs, r->pattern);
+				break;
+				}
+			case 'S': fputs(va_arg(ap, Term)->name, outfp); break;
+			case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': {
+				int n = *fmt - '0';
+				while (n-- > 0)
+					putc('\t', outfp);
+				break;
+				}
+			default: putc(*fmt, outfp); break;			
+			}
+		else
+			putc(*fmt, outfp);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/* reach - mark all nonterminals in tree t as reachable */
+static void reach(Tree t) {
+	Nonterm p = t->op;
+
+	if (p->kind == NONTERM)
+		if (!p->reached)
+			ckreach(p);
+	if (t->left)
+		reach(t->left);
+	if (t->right)
+		reach(t->right);
+}
+
+/* ckreach - mark all nonterminals reachable from p */
+static void ckreach(Nonterm p) {
+	Rule r;
+
+        p->reached = 1;
+	for (r = p->rules; r; r = r->decode)
+		reach(r->pattern);
+}
+
+/* emitcase - emit one case in function state */
+static void emitcase(Term p, int ntnumber) {
+	Rule r;
+
+	print("%1case %d: /* %S */\n", p->esn, p);
+	switch (p->arity) {
+	case 0: case -1:
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		print("%2%Plabel(LEFT_CHILD(a));\n");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		print("%2%Plabel(LEFT_CHILD(a));\n");
+		print("%2%Plabel(RIGHT_CHILD(a));\n");
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	for (r = p->rules; r; r = r->next) {
+		char *indent = "\t\t\0";
+		switch (p->arity) {
+		case 0: case -1:
+			print("%2/* %R */\n", r);
+			if (r->cost == -1) {
+				print("%2c = %s;\n", r->code);
+				emitrecord("\t\t", r, "c", 0);
+			} else
+				emitrecord("\t\t", r, r->code, 0);
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			if (r->pattern->nterms > 1) {
+				print("%2if (%1/* %R */\n", r);
+				emittest(r->pattern->left, "LEFT_CHILD(a)", " ");
+				print("%2) {\n");
+				indent = "\t\t\t";
+			} else
+				print("%2/* %R */\n", r);
+			if (r->pattern->nterms == 2 && r->pattern->left
+			&&  r->pattern->right == NULL)
+				emitrecalc(indent, r->pattern->op, r->pattern->left->op);
+			print("%sc = ", indent);
+			emitcost(r->pattern->left, "LEFT_CHILD(a)");
+			print("%s;\n", r->code);
+			emitrecord(indent, r, "c", 0);
+			if (indent[2])
+				print("%2}\n");
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			if (r->pattern->nterms > 1) {
+				print("%2if (%1/* %R */\n", r);
+				emittest(r->pattern->left,  "LEFT_CHILD(a)",
+					r->pattern->right->nterms ? " && " : " ");
+				emittest(r->pattern->right, "RIGHT_CHILD(a)", " ");
+				print("%2) {\n");
+				indent = "\t\t\t";
+			} else
+				print("%2/* %R */\n", r);
+			print("%sc = ", indent);
+			emitcost(r->pattern->left,  "LEFT_CHILD(a)");
+			emitcost(r->pattern->right, "RIGHT_CHILD(a)");
+			print("%s;\n", r->code);
+			emitrecord(indent, r, "c", 0);
+			if (indent[2])
+				print("%2}\n");
+			break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	}
+	print("%2break;\n");
+}
+
+/* emitclosure - emit the closure functions */
+static void emitclosure(Nonterm nts) {
+	Nonterm p;
+
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link)
+		if (p->chain)
+			print("static void %Pclosure_%S(NODEPTR_TYPE, int);\n", p);
+	print("\n");
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link)
+		if (p->chain) {
+			Rule r;
+			print("static void %Pclosure_%S(NODEPTR_TYPE a, int c) {\n"
+"%1struct %Pstate *p = STATE_LABEL(a);\n", p);
+			for (r = p->chain; r; r = r->chain)
+				emitrecord("\t", r, "c", r->cost);
+			print("}\n\n");
+		}
+}
+
+/* emitcost - emit cost computation for tree t */
+static void emitcost(Tree t, char *v) {
+	Nonterm p = t->op;
+
+	if (p->kind == TERM) {
+		if (t->left)
+			emitcost(t->left,  stringf("LEFT_CHILD(%s)",  v));
+		if (t->right)
+			emitcost(t->right, stringf("RIGHT_CHILD(%s)", v));
+	} else
+		print("((struct %Pstate *)(%s->x.state))->cost[%P%S_NT] + ", v, p);
+}
+
+/* emitdefs - emit nonterminal defines and data structures */
+static void emitdefs(Nonterm nts, int ntnumber) {
+	Nonterm p;
+
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link)
+		print("#define %P%S_NT %d\n", p, p->number);
+	print("\n");
+	print("static char *%Pntname[] = {\n%10,\n");
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link)
+		print("%1\"%S\",\n", p);
+	print("%10\n};\n\n");
+}
+
+/* emitheader - emit initial definitions */
+static void emitheader(void) {
+	time_t timer = time(NULL);
+
+	print("/*\ngenerated at %sby %s\n*/\n", ctime(&timer), rcsid);
+	print("static void %Pkids(NODEPTR_TYPE, int, NODEPTR_TYPE[]);\n");
+	print("static void %Plabel(NODEPTR_TYPE);\n");
+	print("static int %Prule(void*, int);\n\n");
+}
+
+/* computekids - compute paths to kids in tree t */
+static char *computekids(Tree t, char *v, char *bp, int *ip) {
+	Term p = t->op;
+
+	if (p->kind == NONTERM) {
+		sprintf(bp, "\t\tkids[%d] = %s;\n", (*ip)++, v);
+		bp += strlen(bp);
+	} else if (p->arity > 0) {
+		bp = computekids(t->left, stringf("LEFT_CHILD(%s)", v), bp, ip);
+		if (p->arity == 2)
+			bp = computekids(t->right, stringf("RIGHT_CHILD(%s)", v), bp, ip);
+	}
+	return bp;
+}
+
+/* emitkids - emit _kids */
+static void emitkids(Rule rules, int nrules) {
+	int i;
+	Rule r, *rc = alloc((nrules + 1 + 1)*sizeof *rc);
+	char **str  = alloc((nrules + 1 + 1)*sizeof *str);
+
+	for (i = 0, r = rules; r; r = r->link) {
+		int j = 0;
+		char buf[1024], *bp = buf;
+		*computekids(r->pattern, "p", bp, &j) = 0;
+		for (j = 0; str[j] && strcmp(str[j], buf); j++)
+			;
+		if (str[j] == NULL)
+			str[j] = strcpy(alloc(strlen(buf) + 1), buf);
+		r->kids = rc[j];
+		rc[j] = r;
+	}
+	print("static void %Pkids(NODEPTR_TYPE p, int eruleno, NODEPTR_TYPE kids[]) {\n"
+"%1if (!p)\n%2fatal(\"%Pkids\", \"Null tree\\n\", 0);\n"
+"%1if (!kids)\n%2fatal(\"%Pkids\", \"Null kids\\n\", 0);\n"
+"%1switch (eruleno) {\n");
+	for (i = 0; (r = rc[i]) != NULL; i++) {
+		for ( ; r; r = r->kids)
+			print("%1case %d: /* %R */\n", r->ern, r);
+		print("%s%2break;\n", str[i]);
+	}
+	print("%1default:\n%2fatal(\"%Pkids\", \"Bad rule number %%d\\n\", eruleno);\n%1}\n}\n\n");
+}
+
+/* emitlabel - emit label function */
+static void emitlabel(Term terms, Nonterm start, int ntnumber) {
+	int i;
+	Term p;
+
+	print("static void %Plabel(NODEPTR_TYPE a) {\n%1int c;\n"
+"%1struct %Pstate *p;\n\n"
+"%1if (!a)\n%2fatal(\"%Plabel\", \"Null tree\\n\", 0);\n");
+	print("%1STATE_LABEL(a) = p = allocate(sizeof *p, FUNC);\n"
+"%1p->rule._stmt = 0;\n");
+	for (i = 1; i <= ntnumber; i++)
+		print("%1p->cost[%d] =\n", i);
+	print("%20x7fff;\n%1switch (OP_LABEL(a)) {\n");
+	for (p = terms; p; p = p->link)
+		emitcase(p, ntnumber);
+	print("%1default:\n"
+"%2fatal(\"%Plabel\", \"Bad terminal %%d\\n\", OP_LABEL(a));\n%1}\n}\n\n");
+}
+
+/* computents - fill in bp with _nts vector for tree t */
+static char *computents(Tree t, char *bp) {
+	if (t) {
+		Nonterm p = t->op;
+		if (p->kind == NONTERM) {
+			sprintf(bp, "%s_%s_NT, ", prefix, p->name);
+			bp += strlen(bp);
+		} else
+			bp = computents(t->right, computents(t->left,  bp));
+	}
+	return bp;
+}
+
+/* emitnts - emit _nts ragged array */
+static void emitnts(Rule rules, int nrules) {
+	Rule r;
+	int i, j, *nts = alloc((nrules + 1)*sizeof *nts);
+	char **str = alloc((nrules + 1)*sizeof *str);
+
+	for (i = 0, r = rules; r; r = r->link) {
+		char buf[1024];
+		*computents(r->pattern, buf) = 0;
+		for (j = 0; str[j] && strcmp(str[j], buf); j++)
+			;
+		if (str[j] == NULL) {
+			print("static short %Pnts_%d[] = { %s0 };\n", j, buf);
+			str[j] = strcpy(alloc(strlen(buf) + 1), buf);
+		}
+		nts[i++] = j;
+	}
+	print("\nstatic short *%Pnts[] = {\n");
+	for (i = j = 0, r = rules; r; r = r->link) {
+		for ( ; j < r->ern; j++)
+			print("%10,%1/* %d */\n", j);
+		print("%1%Pnts_%d,%1/* %d */\n", nts[i++], j++);
+	}
+	print("};\n\n");
+}
+
+/* emitrecalc - emit code that tests for recalculation of INDIR?(VREGP) */
+static void emitrecalc(char *pre, Term root, Term kid) {
+	if (root->kind == TERM && strncmp(root->name, "INDIR", 5) == 0
+	&&   kid->kind == TERM &&  strcmp(kid->name,  "VREGP"   ) == 0) {
+		Nonterm p;
+		print("%sif (mayrecalc(a)) {\n", pre);
+		print("%s%1struct %Pstate *q = a->syms[RX]->u.t.cse->x.state;\n", pre);
+		for (p = nts; p; p = p->link) {
+			print("%s%1if (q->cost[%P%S_NT] == 0) {\n", pre, p);
+			print("%s%2p->cost[%P%S_NT] = 0;\n", pre, p);
+			print("%s%2p->rule.%P%S = q->rule.%P%S;\n", pre, p, p);
+			print("%s%1}\n", pre);
+		}
+		print("%s}\n", pre);
+	}
+}
+
+/* emitrecord - emit code that tests for a winning match of rule r */
+static void emitrecord(char *pre, Rule r, char *c, int cost) {
+	if (Tflag)
+		print("%s%Ptrace(a, %d, %s + %d, p->cost[%P%S_NT]);\n",
+			pre, r->ern, c, cost, r->lhs);
+	print("%sif (", pre);
+	print("%s + %d < p->cost[%P%S_NT]) {\n"
+"%s%1p->cost[%P%S_NT] = %s + %d;\n%s%1p->rule.%P%S = %d;\n",
+		c, cost, r->lhs, pre, r->lhs, c, cost, pre, r->lhs,
+		r->packed);
+	if (r->lhs->chain)
+		print("%s%1%Pclosure_%S(a, %s + %d);\n", pre, r->lhs, c, cost);
+	print("%s}\n", pre);
+}
+
+/* emitrule - emit decoding vectors and _rule */
+static void emitrule(Nonterm nts) {
+	Nonterm p;
+
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link) {
+		Rule r;
+		print("static short %Pdecode_%S[] = {\n%10,\n", p);
+		for (r = p->rules; r; r = r->decode)
+			print("%1%d,\n", r->ern);
+		print("};\n\n");
+	}
+	print("static int %Prule(void *state, int goalnt) {\n"
+"%1if (goalnt < 1 || goalnt > %d)\n%2fatal(\"%Prule\", \"Bad goal nonterminal %%d\\n\", goalnt);\n"
+"%1if (!state)\n%2return 0;\n%1switch (goalnt) {\n", ntnumber);
+	for (p = nts; p; p = p->link)
+		print("%1case %P%S_NT:"
+"%1return %Pdecode_%S[((struct %Pstate *)state)->rule.%P%S];\n", p, p, p);
+	print("%1default:\n%2fatal(\"%Prule\", \"Bad goal nonterminal %%d\\n\", goalnt);\n%2return 0;\n%1}\n}\n\n");
+}
+
+/* emitstring - emit arrays of templates, instruction flags, and rules */
+static void emitstring(Rule rules) {
+	Rule r;
+
+	print("static char *%Ptemplates[] = {\n");
+	print("/* 0 */%10,\n");
+	for (r = rules; r; r = r->link)
+		print("/* %d */%1\"%s\",%1/* %R */\n", r->ern, r->template, r);
+	print("};\n");
+	print("\nstatic char %Pisinstruction[] = {\n");
+	print("/* 0 */%10,\n");
+	for (r = rules; r; r = r->link) {
+		int len = strlen(r->template);
+		print("/* %d */%1%d,%1/* %s */\n", r->ern,
+			len >= 2 && r->template[len-2] == '\\' && r->template[len-1] == 'n',
+			r->template);
+	}
+	print("};\n");
+	print("\nstatic char *%Pstring[] = {\n");
+	print("/* 0 */%10,\n");
+	for (r = rules; r; r = r->link)
+		print("/* %d */%1\"%R\",\n", r->ern, r);
+	print("};\n\n");
+}
+
+/* emitstruct - emit the definition of the state structure */
+static void emitstruct(Nonterm nts, int ntnumber) {
+	print("struct %Pstate {\n%1short cost[%d];\n%1struct {\n", ntnumber + 1);
+	for ( ; nts; nts = nts->link) {
+		int n = 1, m = nts->lhscount;
+		while ((m >>= 1) != 0)
+			n++;		
+		print("%2unsigned int %P%S:%d;\n", nts, n);
+	}
+	print("%1} rule;\n};\n\n");
+}
+
+/* emittest - emit clause for testing a match */
+static void emittest(Tree t, char *v, char *suffix) {
+	Term p = t->op;
+
+	if (p->kind == TERM) {
+		print("%3%s->op == %d%s/* %S */\n", v, p->esn,
+			t->nterms > 1 ? " && " : suffix, p);
+		if (t->left)
+			emittest(t->left, stringf("LEFT_CHILD(%s)",  v),
+				t->right && t->right->nterms ? " && " : suffix);
+		if (t->right)
+			emittest(t->right, stringf("RIGHT_CHILD(%s)", v), suffix);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.h b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b67e802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/lburg/lburg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#ifndef BURG_INCLUDED
+#define BURG_INCLUDED
+
+/* iburg.c: */
+extern void *alloc(int nbytes);
+
+typedef enum { TERM=1, NONTERM } Kind;
+typedef struct rule *Rule;
+typedef struct term *Term;
+struct term {		/* terminals: */
+	char *name;		/* terminal name */
+	Kind kind;		/* TERM */
+	int esn;		/* external symbol number */
+	int arity;		/* operator arity */
+	Term link;		/* next terminal in esn order */
+	Rule rules;		/* rules whose pattern starts with term */
+};
+
+typedef struct nonterm *Nonterm;
+struct nonterm {	/* nonterminals: */
+	char *name;		/* nonterminal name */
+	Kind kind;		/* NONTERM */
+	int number;		/* identifying number */
+	int lhscount;		/* # times nt appears in a rule lhs */
+	int reached;		/* 1 iff reached from start nonterminal */
+	Rule rules;		/* rules w/nonterminal on lhs */
+	Rule chain;		/* chain rules w/nonterminal on rhs */
+	Nonterm link;		/* next terminal in number order */
+};
+extern Nonterm nonterm(char *id);
+extern Term term(char *id, int esn);
+
+typedef struct tree *Tree;
+struct tree {		/* tree patterns: */
+	void *op;		/* a terminal or nonterminal */
+	Tree left, right;	/* operands */
+	int nterms;		/* number of terminal nodes in this tree */
+};
+extern Tree tree(char *op, Tree left, Tree right);
+
+struct rule {		/* rules: */
+	Nonterm lhs;		/* lefthand side nonterminal */
+	Tree pattern;		/* rule pattern */
+	int ern;		/* external rule number */
+	int packed;		/* packed external rule number */
+	int cost;		/* cost, if a constant */
+	char *code;		/* cost, if an expression */
+	char *template;		/* assembler template */
+	Rule link;		/* next rule in ern order */
+	Rule next;		/* next rule with same pattern root */
+	Rule chain;		/* next chain rule with same rhs */
+	Rule decode;		/* next rule with same lhs */
+	Rule kids;		/* next rule with same _kids pattern */
+};
+extern Rule rule(char *id, Tree pattern, char *template, char *code);
+
+/* gram.y: */
+void yyerror(char *fmt, ...);
+int yyparse(void);
+void yywarn(char *fmt, ...);
+extern int errcnt;
+extern FILE *infp;
+extern FILE *outfp;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/alloc.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/alloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0566df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include "c.h"
+struct block {
+	struct block *next;
+	char *limit;
+	char *avail;
+};
+union align {
+	long l;
+	char *p;
+	double d;
+	int (*f)(void);
+};
+union header {
+	struct block b;
+	union align a;
+};
+#ifdef PURIFY
+union header *arena[3];
+
+void *allocate(unsigned long n, unsigned a) {
+	union header *new = malloc(sizeof *new + n);
+
+	assert(a < NELEMS(arena));
+	if (new == NULL) {
+		error("insufficient memory\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	new->b.next = (void *)arena[a];
+	arena[a] = new;
+	return new + 1;
+}
+
+void deallocate(unsigned a) {
+	union header *p, *q;
+
+	assert(a < NELEMS(arena));
+	for (p = arena[a]; p; p = q) {
+		q = (void *)p->b.next;
+		free(p);
+	}
+	arena[a] = NULL;
+}
+
+void *newarray(unsigned long m, unsigned long n, unsigned a) {
+	return allocate(m*n, a);
+}
+#else
+static struct block
+	 first[] = {  { NULL },  { NULL },  { NULL } },
+	*arena[] = { &first[0], &first[1], &first[2] };
+static struct block *freeblocks;
+
+void *allocate(unsigned long n, unsigned a) {
+	struct block *ap;
+
+	assert(a < NELEMS(arena));
+	assert(n > 0);
+	ap = arena[a];
+	n = roundup(n, sizeof (union align));
+	while (n > ap->limit - ap->avail) {
+		if ((ap->next = freeblocks) != NULL) {
+			freeblocks = freeblocks->next;
+			ap = ap->next;
+		} else
+			{
+				unsigned m = sizeof (union header) + n + roundup(10*1024, sizeof (union align));
+				ap->next = malloc(m);
+				ap = ap->next;
+				if (ap == NULL) {
+					error("insufficient memory\n");
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				ap->limit = (char *)ap + m;
+			}
+		ap->avail = (char *)((union header *)ap + 1);
+		ap->next = NULL;
+		arena[a] = ap;
+
+	}
+	ap->avail += n;
+	return ap->avail - n;
+}
+
+void *newarray(unsigned long m, unsigned long n, unsigned a) {
+	return allocate(m*n, a);
+}
+void deallocate(unsigned a) {
+	assert(a < NELEMS(arena));
+	arena[a]->next = freeblocks;
+	freeblocks = first[a].next;
+	first[a].next = NULL;
+	arena[a] = &first[a];
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/bind.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/bind.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc7b983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/bind.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "c.h"
+extern Interface nullIR;
+extern Interface bytecodeIR;
+Binding bindings[] = {
+	{ "null",          &nullIR },
+	{ "bytecode",      &bytecodeIR },
+	{ NULL,            NULL },
+};
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/bytecode.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/bytecode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e83429f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/bytecode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+#include "c.h"
+#define I(f) b_##f
+
+
+static void I(segment)(int n) {
+	static int cseg;
+
+	if (cseg != n)
+		switch (cseg = n) {
+		case CODE: print("code\n"); return;
+		case DATA: print("data\n"); return;
+		case BSS:  print("bss\n");  return;
+		case LIT:  print("lit\n");  return;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+}
+
+static void I(address)(Symbol q, Symbol p, long n) {
+	q->x.name = stringf("%s%s%D", p->x.name, n > 0 ? "+" : "", n);
+}
+
+static void I(defaddress)(Symbol p) {
+	print("address %s\n", p->x.name);
+}
+
+static void I(defconst)(int suffix, int size, Value v) {
+	switch (suffix) {
+	case I:
+		if (size > sizeof (int))
+			print("byte %d %D\n", size, v.i);
+		else
+			print("byte %d %d\n", size, v.i);
+		return;
+	case U:
+		if (size > sizeof (unsigned))
+			print("byte %d %U\n", size, v.u);
+		else
+			print("byte %d %u\n", size, v.u);
+		return;
+	case P: print("byte %d %U\n", size, (unsigned long)v.p); return;
+	case F:
+		if (size == 4) {
+			floatint_t fi;
+			fi.f = v.d;
+			print("byte 4 %u\n", fi.ui);
+		} else {
+			unsigned *p = (unsigned *)&v.d;
+			print("byte 4 %u\n", p[swap]);
+			print("byte 4 %u\n", p[1 - swap]);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	assert(0);
+}
+
+static void I(defstring)(int len, char *str) {
+	char *s;
+
+	for (s = str; s < str + len; s++)
+		print("byte 1 %d\n", (*s)&0377);
+}
+
+static void I(defsymbol)(Symbol p) {
+	if (p->scope == CONSTANTS)
+		switch (optype(ttob(p->type))) {
+		case I: p->x.name = stringf("%D", p->u.c.v.i); break;
+		case U: p->x.name = stringf("%U", p->u.c.v.u); break;
+		case P: p->x.name = stringf("%U", p->u.c.v.p); break;
+		case F:
+			{	// JDC: added this to get inline floats
+				floatint_t temp;
+
+				temp.f = p->u.c.v.d;
+				p->x.name = stringf("%U", temp.ui );
+			}
+			break;// JDC: added this
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	else if (p->scope >= LOCAL && p->sclass == STATIC)
+		p->x.name = stringf("$%d", genlabel(1));
+	else if (p->scope == LABELS || p->generated)
+		p->x.name = stringf("$%s", p->name);
+	else
+		p->x.name = p->name;
+}
+
+static void dumptree(Node p) {
+	switch (specific(p->op)) {
+	case ASGN+B:
+		assert(p->kids[0]);
+		assert(p->kids[1]);
+		assert(p->syms[0]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[1]);
+		print("%s %d\n", opname(p->op), p->syms[0]->u.c.v.u);
+		return;
+	case RET+V:
+		assert(!p->kids[0]);
+		assert(!p->kids[1]);
+		print("%s\n", opname(p->op));
+		return;
+	}
+	switch (generic(p->op)) {
+	case CNST: case ADDRG: case ADDRF: case ADDRL: case LABEL:
+		assert(!p->kids[0]);
+		assert(!p->kids[1]);
+		assert(p->syms[0] && p->syms[0]->x.name);
+		print("%s %s\n", opname(p->op), p->syms[0]->x.name);
+		return;
+	case CVF: case CVI: case CVP: case CVU:
+		assert(p->kids[0]);
+		assert(!p->kids[1]);
+		assert(p->syms[0]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		print("%s %d\n", opname(p->op), p->syms[0]->u.c.v.i);
+		return;
+	case ARG: case BCOM: case NEG: case INDIR: case JUMP: case RET:
+		assert(p->kids[0]);
+		assert(!p->kids[1]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		print("%s\n", opname(p->op));
+		return;
+	case CALL:
+		assert(p->kids[0]);
+		assert(!p->kids[1]);
+		assert(optype(p->op) != B);
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		print("%s\n", opname(p->op));
+		if ( !p->count ) { printf("pop\n"); };	// JDC
+		return;
+	case ASGN: case BOR: case BAND: case BXOR: case RSH: case LSH:
+	case ADD: case SUB: case DIV: case MUL: case MOD:
+		assert(p->kids[0]);
+		assert(p->kids[1]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[1]);
+		print("%s\n", opname(p->op));
+		return;
+	case EQ: case NE: case GT: case GE: case LE: case LT:
+		assert(p->kids[0]);
+		assert(p->kids[1]);
+		assert(p->syms[0]);
+		assert(p->syms[0]->x.name);
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		dumptree(p->kids[1]);
+		print("%s %s\n", opname(p->op), p->syms[0]->x.name);
+		return;
+	}
+	assert(0);
+}
+
+static void I(emit)(Node p) {
+	for (; p; p = p->link)
+		dumptree(p);
+}
+
+static void I(export)(Symbol p) {
+	print("export %s\n", p->x.name);
+}
+
+static void I(function)(Symbol f, Symbol caller[], Symbol callee[], int ncalls) {
+	int i;
+
+	(*IR->segment)(CODE);
+	offset = 0;
+	for (i = 0; caller[i] && callee[i]; i++) {
+		offset = roundup(offset, caller[i]->type->align);
+		caller[i]->x.name = callee[i]->x.name = stringf("%d", offset);
+		caller[i]->x.offset = callee[i]->x.offset = offset;
+		offset += caller[i]->type->size;
+	}
+	maxargoffset = maxoffset = argoffset = offset = 0;
+	gencode(caller, callee);
+	print("proc %s %d %d\n", f->x.name, maxoffset, maxargoffset);
+	emitcode();
+	print("endproc %s %d %d\n", f->x.name, maxoffset, maxargoffset);
+
+}
+
+static void gen02(Node p) {
+	assert(p);
+	if (generic(p->op) == ARG) {
+		assert(p->syms[0]);
+		argoffset += (p->syms[0]->u.c.v.i < 4 ? 4 : p->syms[0]->u.c.v.i);
+	} else if (generic(p->op) == CALL) {
+		maxargoffset = (argoffset > maxargoffset ? argoffset : maxargoffset);
+		argoffset = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static void gen01(Node p) {
+	if (p) {
+		gen01(p->kids[0]);
+		gen01(p->kids[1]);
+		gen02(p);
+	}
+}
+
+static Node I(gen)(Node p) {
+	Node q;
+
+	assert(p);
+	for (q = p; q; q = q->link)
+		gen01(q);
+	return p;
+}
+
+static void I(global)(Symbol p) {
+	print("align %d\n", p->type->align > 4 ? 4 : p->type->align);
+	print("LABELV %s\n", p->x.name);
+}
+
+static void I(import)(Symbol p) {
+	print("import %s\n", p->x.name);
+}
+
+static void I(local)(Symbol p) {
+	offset = roundup(offset, p->type->align);
+	p->x.name = stringf("%d", offset);
+	p->x.offset = offset;
+	offset += p->type->size;
+}
+
+static void I(progbeg)(int argc, char *argv[]) {}
+
+static void I(progend)(void) {}
+
+static void I(space)(int n) {
+	print("skip %d\n", n);
+}
+
+//========================================================
+
+// JDC: hacked up to get interleaved source lines in asm code
+static char	*sourceFile;
+static char *sourcePtr;
+static int sourceLine;
+
+static int filelength( FILE *f ) {
+	int		pos;
+	int		end;
+
+	pos = ftell (f);
+	fseek (f, 0, SEEK_END);
+	end = ftell (f);
+	fseek (f, pos, SEEK_SET);
+
+	return end;
+}
+
+static void LoadSourceFile( const char *filename ) {
+	FILE	*f;
+	int		length;
+
+	f = fopen( filename, "r" );
+	if ( !f ) {
+		print( ";couldn't open %s\n", filename );
+		sourceFile = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	length = filelength( f );
+	sourceFile = malloc( length + 1 );
+	if ( sourceFile ) {
+		size_t size;
+		size = fread( sourceFile, length, 1, f );
+		sourceFile[length] = 0;
+	}
+
+	fclose( f );
+	sourceLine = 1;
+	sourcePtr = sourceFile;
+}
+
+static void PrintToSourceLine( int line ) {
+	int		c;
+
+	if ( !sourceFile ) {
+		return;
+	}
+	while ( sourceLine <= line ) {
+		int		i;
+
+		for ( i = 0 ; sourcePtr[i] && sourcePtr[i] != '\n' ; i++ ) {
+		}
+		c = sourcePtr[i];
+		if ( c == '\n' ) {
+			sourcePtr[i] = 0;
+		}
+		print( ";%d:%s\n", sourceLine, sourcePtr );
+		if ( c == 0 ) {
+			sourcePtr += i;	// end of file
+		} else {
+			sourcePtr += i+1;
+		}
+		sourceLine++;
+	}
+}
+
+static void I(stabline)(Coordinate *cp) {
+	static char *prevfile;
+	static int prevline;
+
+	if (cp->file && (prevfile == NULL || strcmp(prevfile, cp->file) != 0)) {
+		print("file \"%s\"\n", prevfile = cp->file);
+		prevline = 0;
+		if ( sourceFile ) {
+			free( sourceFile );
+			sourceFile = NULL;
+		}
+		// load the new source file
+		LoadSourceFile( cp->file );
+	}
+	if (cp->y != prevline) {
+		print("line %d\n", prevline = cp->y);
+		PrintToSourceLine( cp->y );
+	}
+}
+
+//========================================================
+
+#define b_blockbeg blockbeg
+#define b_blockend blockend
+
+Interface bytecodeIR = {
+	{1, 1, 0},	/* char */
+	{2, 2, 0},	/* short */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* int */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* long */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* long long */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* float */				// JDC: use inline floats
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* double */			// JDC: don't ever emit 8 byte double code
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* long double */		// JDC: don't ever emit 8 byte double code
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* T* */
+	{0, 4, 0},	/* struct */
+	0,		/* little_endian */
+	0,		/* mulops_calls */
+	0,		/* wants_callb */
+	0,		/* wants_argb */
+	1,		/* left_to_right */
+	0,		/* wants_dag */
+	0,		/* unsigned_char */
+	I(address),
+	I(blockbeg),
+	I(blockend),
+	I(defaddress),
+	I(defconst),
+	I(defstring),
+	I(defsymbol),
+	I(emit),
+	I(export),
+	I(function),
+	I(gen),
+	I(global),
+	I(import),
+	I(local),
+	I(progbeg),
+	I(progend),
+	I(segment),
+	I(space),
+	0,		/* I(stabblock) */
+	0,		/* I(stabend) */
+	0,		/* I(stabfend) */
+	0,		/* I(stabinit) */
+	I(stabline),
+	0,		/* I(stabsym) */
+	0,		/* I(stabtype) */
+};
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/c.h b/src/tools/lcc/src/c.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68c8f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define NEW(p,a) ((p) = allocate(sizeof *(p), (a)))
+#define NEW0(p,a) memset(NEW((p),(a)), 0, sizeof *(p))
+#define isaddrop(op) (specific(op)==ADDRG+P || specific(op)==ADDRL+P \
+	|| specific(op)==ADDRF+P)
+
+#define	MAXLINE  512
+#define	BUFSIZE 4096
+
+#define istypename(t,tsym) (kind[t] == CHAR \
+	|| (t == ID && tsym && tsym->sclass == TYPEDEF))
+#define sizeop(n) ((n)<<10)
+#define generic(op)  ((op)&0x3F0)
+#define specific(op) ((op)&0x3FF)
+#define opindex(op) (((op)>>4)&0x3F)
+#define opkind(op)  ((op)&~0x3F0)
+#define opsize(op)  ((op)>>10)
+#define optype(op)  ((op)&0xF)
+#ifdef __LCC__
+#ifndef __STDC__
+#define __STDC__
+#endif
+#endif
+#define NELEMS(a) ((int)(sizeof (a)/sizeof ((a)[0])))
+#undef roundup
+#define roundup(x,n) (((x)+((n)-1))&(~((n)-1)))
+#define mkop(op,ty) (specific((op) + ttob(ty)))
+
+#define extend(x,ty) ((x)&(1<<(8*(ty)->size-1)) ? (x)|((~0UL)<<(8*(ty)->size-1)) : (x)&ones(8*(ty)->size))
+#define ones(n) ((n)>=8*sizeof (unsigned long) ? ~0UL : ~((~0UL)<<(n)))
+
+#define isqual(t)     ((t)->op >= CONST)
+#define unqual(t)     (isqual(t) ? (t)->type : (t))
+
+#define isvolatile(t) ((t)->op == VOLATILE \
+                    || (t)->op == CONST+VOLATILE)
+#define isconst(t)    ((t)->op == CONST \
+                    || (t)->op == CONST+VOLATILE)
+#define isarray(t)    (unqual(t)->op == ARRAY)
+#define isstruct(t)   (unqual(t)->op == STRUCT \
+                    || unqual(t)->op == UNION)
+#define isunion(t)    (unqual(t)->op == UNION)
+#define isfunc(t)     (unqual(t)->op == FUNCTION)
+#define isptr(t)      (unqual(t)->op == POINTER)
+#define ischar(t)     ((t)->size == 1 && isint(t))
+#define isint(t)      (unqual(t)->op == INT \
+                    || unqual(t)->op == UNSIGNED)
+#define isfloat(t)    (unqual(t)->op == FLOAT)
+#define isarith(t)    (unqual(t)->op <= UNSIGNED)
+#define isunsigned(t) (unqual(t)->op == UNSIGNED)
+#define isscalar(t)   (unqual(t)->op <= POINTER \
+                    || unqual(t)->op == ENUM)
+#define isenum(t)     (unqual(t)->op == ENUM)
+#define fieldsize(p)  (p)->bitsize
+#define fieldright(p) ((p)->lsb - 1)
+#define fieldleft(p)  (8*(p)->type->size - \
+                        fieldsize(p) - fieldright(p))
+#define fieldmask(p)  (~(~(unsigned)0<<fieldsize(p)))
+typedef struct node *Node;
+
+typedef struct list *List;
+
+typedef struct code *Code;
+
+typedef struct swtch *Swtch;
+
+typedef struct symbol *Symbol;
+
+typedef struct coord {
+	char *file;
+	unsigned x, y;
+} Coordinate;
+typedef struct table *Table;
+
+typedef union value {
+	long i;
+	unsigned long u;
+	double d;
+	void *p;
+	void (*g)(void);
+} Value;
+typedef struct tree *Tree;
+
+typedef struct type *Type;
+
+typedef struct field *Field;
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned printed:1;
+	unsigned marked;
+	unsigned short typeno;
+	void *xt;
+} Xtype;
+
+typedef union {
+	float f;
+	int i;
+	unsigned int ui;
+} floatint_t;
+
+#include "config.h"
+typedef struct metrics {
+	unsigned char size, align, outofline;
+} Metrics;
+typedef struct interface {
+	Metrics charmetric;
+	Metrics shortmetric;
+	Metrics intmetric;
+	Metrics longmetric;
+	Metrics longlongmetric;
+	Metrics floatmetric;
+	Metrics doublemetric;
+	Metrics longdoublemetric;
+	Metrics ptrmetric;
+	Metrics structmetric;
+	unsigned little_endian:1;
+	unsigned mulops_calls:1;
+	unsigned wants_callb:1;
+	unsigned wants_argb:1;
+	unsigned left_to_right:1;
+	unsigned wants_dag:1;
+	unsigned unsigned_char:1;
+void (*address)(Symbol p, Symbol q, long n);
+void (*blockbeg)(Env *);
+void (*blockend)(Env *);
+void (*defaddress)(Symbol);
+void (*defconst)  (int suffix, int size, Value v);
+void (*defstring)(int n, char *s);
+void (*defsymbol)(Symbol);
+void (*emit)    (Node);
+void (*export)(Symbol);
+void (*function)(Symbol, Symbol[], Symbol[], int);
+Node (*gen)     (Node);
+void (*global)(Symbol);
+void (*import)(Symbol);
+void (*local)(Symbol);
+void (*progbeg)(int argc, char *argv[]);
+void (*progend)(void);
+void (*segment)(int);
+void (*space)(int);
+void (*stabblock)(int, int, Symbol*);
+void (*stabend)  (Coordinate *, Symbol, Coordinate **, Symbol *, Symbol *);
+void (*stabfend) (Symbol, int);
+void (*stabinit) (char *, int, char *[]);
+void (*stabline) (Coordinate *);
+void (*stabsym)  (Symbol);
+void (*stabtype) (Symbol);
+	Xinterface x;
+} Interface;
+typedef struct binding {
+	char *name;
+	Interface *ir;
+} Binding;
+
+extern Binding bindings[];
+extern Interface *IR;
+typedef struct {
+	List blockentry;
+	List blockexit;
+	List entry;
+	List exit;
+	List returns;
+	List points;
+	List calls;
+	List end;
+} Events;
+
+enum {
+#define xx(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) a=b,
+#define yy(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)
+#include "token.h"
+	LAST
+};
+struct node {
+	short op;
+	short count;
+ 	Symbol syms[3];
+	Node kids[2];
+	Node link;
+	Xnode x;
+};
+enum {
+	F=FLOAT,
+	I=INT,
+	U=UNSIGNED,
+	P=POINTER,
+	V=VOID,
+	B=STRUCT
+};
+#define gop(name,value) name=value<<4,
+#define op(name,type,sizes)
+
+enum { gop(CNST,1)
+       	op(CNST,F,fdx)
+       	op(CNST,I,csilh)
+       	op(CNST,P,p)
+       	op(CNST,U,csilh)
+       gop(ARG,2)
+       	op(ARG,B,-)
+       	op(ARG,F,fdx)
+       	op(ARG,I,ilh)
+       	op(ARG,P,p)
+       	op(ARG,U,ilh)
+       gop(ASGN,3)
+       	op(ASGN,B,-)
+       	op(ASGN,F,fdx)
+       	op(ASGN,I,csilh)
+       	op(ASGN,P,p)
+       	op(ASGN,U,csilh)
+       gop(INDIR,4)
+       	op(INDIR,B,-)
+       	op(INDIR,F,fdx)
+       	op(INDIR,I,csilh)
+       	op(INDIR,P,p)
+       	op(INDIR,U,csilh)
+       gop(CVF,7)
+       	op(CVF,F,fdx)
+       	op(CVF,I,ilh)
+       gop(CVI,8)
+       	op(CVI,F,fdx)
+       	op(CVI,I,csilh)
+       	op(CVI,U,csilhp)
+       gop(CVP,9)
+       	op(CVP,U,p)
+       gop(CVU,11)
+       	op(CVU,I,csilh)
+       	op(CVU,P,p)
+       	op(CVU,U,csilh)
+       gop(NEG,12)
+       	op(NEG,F,fdx)
+       	op(NEG,I,ilh)
+       gop(CALL,13)
+       	op(CALL,B,-)
+       	op(CALL,F,fdx)
+       	op(CALL,I,ilh)
+       	op(CALL,P,p)
+       	op(CALL,U,ilh)
+       	op(CALL,V,-)
+       gop(RET,15)
+       	op(RET,F,fdx)
+       	op(RET,I,ilh)
+       	op(RET,P,p)
+       	op(RET,U,ilh)
+       	op(RET,V,-)
+       gop(ADDRG,16)
+       	op(ADDRG,P,p)
+       gop(ADDRF,17)
+       	op(ADDRF,P,p)
+       gop(ADDRL,18)
+       	op(ADDRL,P,p)
+       gop(ADD,19)
+       	op(ADD,F,fdx)
+       	op(ADD,I,ilh)
+       	op(ADD,P,p)
+       	op(ADD,U,ilhp)
+       gop(SUB,20)
+       	op(SUB,F,fdx)
+       	op(SUB,I,ilh)
+       	op(SUB,P,p)
+       	op(SUB,U,ilhp)
+       gop(LSH,21)
+       	op(LSH,I,ilh)
+       	op(LSH,U,ilh)
+       gop(MOD,22)
+       	op(MOD,I,ilh)
+       	op(MOD,U,ilh)
+       gop(RSH,23)
+       	op(RSH,I,ilh)
+       	op(RSH,U,ilh)
+       gop(BAND,24)
+       	op(BAND,I,ilh)
+       	op(BAND,U,ilh)
+       gop(BCOM,25)
+       	op(BCOM,I,ilh)
+       	op(BCOM,U,ilh)
+       gop(BOR,26)
+       	op(BOR,I,ilh)
+       	op(BOR,U,ilh)
+       gop(BXOR,27)
+       	op(BXOR,I,ilh)
+       	op(BXOR,U,ilh)
+       gop(DIV,28)
+       	op(DIV,F,fdx)
+       	op(DIV,I,ilh)
+       	op(DIV,U,ilh)
+       gop(MUL,29)
+       	op(MUL,F,fdx)
+       	op(MUL,I,ilh)
+       	op(MUL,U,ilh)
+       gop(EQ,30)
+       	op(EQ,F,fdx)
+       	op(EQ,I,ilh)
+       	op(EQ,U,ilhp)
+       gop(GE,31)
+       	op(GE,F,fdx)
+       	op(GE,I,ilh)
+       	op(GE,U,ilhp)
+       gop(GT,32)
+       	op(GT,F,fdx)
+       	op(GT,I,ilh)
+       	op(GT,U,ilhp)
+       gop(LE,33)
+       	op(LE,F,fdx)
+       	op(LE,I,ilh)
+       	op(LE,U,ilhp)
+       gop(LT,34)
+       	op(LT,F,fdx)
+       	op(LT,I,ilh)
+       	op(LT,U,ilhp)
+       gop(NE,35)
+       	op(NE,F,fdx)
+       	op(NE,I,ilh)
+       	op(NE,U,ilhp)
+       gop(JUMP,36)
+       	op(JUMP,V,-)
+       gop(LABEL,37)
+       	op(LABEL,V,-)
+       gop(LOAD,14)
+       	op(LOAD,B,-)
+       	op(LOAD,F,fdx)
+       	op(LOAD,I,csilh)
+       	op(LOAD,P,p)
+       	op(LOAD,U,csilhp) LASTOP };
+
+#undef gop
+#undef op
+enum { CODE=1, BSS, DATA, LIT };
+enum { PERM=0, FUNC, STMT };
+struct list {
+	void *x;
+	List link;
+};
+
+struct code {
+	enum { Blockbeg, Blockend, Local, Address, Defpoint,
+	       Label,    Start,    Gen,   Jump,    Switch
+	} kind;
+	Code prev, next;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			int level;
+			Symbol *locals;
+			Table identifiers, types;
+			Env x;
+		} block;
+		Code begin;
+		Symbol var;
+
+		struct {
+			Symbol sym;
+			Symbol base;
+			long offset;
+		} addr;
+		struct {
+			Coordinate src;
+			int point;
+		} point; 
+		Node forest;
+		struct {
+			Symbol sym;
+			Symbol table;
+			Symbol deflab;
+			int size;
+			long *values;
+			Symbol *labels;
+		} swtch;
+
+	} u;
+};
+struct swtch {
+	Symbol sym;
+	int lab;
+	Symbol deflab;
+	int ncases;
+	int size;
+	long *values;
+	Symbol *labels;
+};
+struct symbol {
+	char *name;
+	int scope;
+	Coordinate src;
+	Symbol up;
+	List uses;
+	int sclass;
+	unsigned structarg:1;
+
+	unsigned addressed:1;
+	unsigned computed:1;
+	unsigned temporary:1;
+	unsigned generated:1;
+	unsigned defined:1;
+	Type type;
+	float ref;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			int label;
+			Symbol equatedto;
+		} l;
+		struct {
+			unsigned cfields:1;
+			unsigned vfields:1;
+			Table ftab;		/* omit */
+			Field flist;
+		} s;
+		int value;
+		Symbol *idlist;
+		struct {
+			Value min, max;
+		} limits;
+		struct {
+			Value v;
+			Symbol loc;
+		} c;
+		struct {
+			Coordinate pt;
+			int label;
+			int ncalls;
+			Symbol *callee;
+		} f;
+		int seg;
+		Symbol alias;
+		struct {
+			Node cse;
+			int replace;
+			Symbol next;
+		} t;
+	} u;
+	Xsymbol x;
+};
+enum { CONSTANTS=1, LABELS, GLOBAL, PARAM, LOCAL };
+struct tree {
+	int op;
+	Type type;
+	Tree kids[2];
+	Node node;
+	union {
+		Value v;
+		Symbol sym;
+
+		Field field;
+	} u;
+};
+enum {
+	AND=38<<4,
+	NOT=39<<4,
+	OR=40<<4,
+	COND=41<<4,
+	RIGHT=42<<4,
+	FIELD=43<<4
+};
+struct type {
+	int op;
+	Type type;
+	int align;
+	int size;
+	union {
+		Symbol sym;
+		struct {
+			unsigned oldstyle:1;
+			Type *proto;
+		} f;
+	} u;
+	Xtype x;
+};
+struct field {
+	char *name;
+	Type type;
+	int offset;
+	short bitsize;
+	short lsb;
+	Field link;
+};
+extern int assignargs;
+extern int prunetemps;
+extern int nodecount;
+extern Symbol cfunc;
+extern Symbol retv;
+extern Tree (*optree[])(int, Tree, Tree);
+
+extern char kind[];
+extern int errcnt;
+extern int errlimit;
+extern int wflag;
+extern Events events;
+extern float refinc;
+
+extern unsigned char *cp;
+extern unsigned char *limit;
+extern char *firstfile;
+extern char *file;
+extern char *line;
+extern int lineno;
+extern int t;
+extern char *token;
+extern Symbol tsym;
+extern Coordinate src;
+extern int Aflag;
+extern int Pflag;
+extern Symbol YYnull;
+extern Symbol YYcheck;
+extern int glevel;
+extern int xref;
+
+extern int ncalled;
+extern int npoints;
+
+extern int needconst;
+extern int explicitCast;
+extern struct code codehead;
+extern Code codelist;
+extern Table stmtlabs;
+extern float density;
+extern Table constants;
+extern Table externals;
+extern Table globals;
+extern Table identifiers;
+extern Table labels;
+extern Table types;
+extern int level;
+
+extern List loci, symbols;
+
+extern List symbols;
+
+extern int where;
+extern Type chartype;
+extern Type doubletype;
+extern Type floattype;
+extern Type inttype;
+extern Type longdouble;
+extern Type longtype;
+extern Type longlong;
+extern Type shorttype;
+extern Type signedchar;
+extern Type unsignedchar;
+extern Type unsignedlonglong;
+extern Type unsignedlong;
+extern Type unsignedshort;
+extern Type unsignedtype;
+extern Type charptype;
+extern Type funcptype;
+extern Type voidptype;
+extern Type voidtype;
+extern Type unsignedptr;
+extern Type signedptr;
+extern Type widechar;
+extern void  *allocate(unsigned long n, unsigned a);
+extern void deallocate(unsigned a);
+extern void *newarray(unsigned long m, unsigned long n, unsigned a);
+extern void walk(Tree e, int tlab, int flab);
+extern Node listnodes(Tree e, int tlab, int flab);
+extern Node newnode(int op, Node left, Node right, Symbol p);
+extern Tree cvtconst(Tree);
+extern void printdag(Node, int);
+extern void compound(int, Swtch, int);
+extern void defglobal(Symbol, int);
+extern void finalize(void);
+extern void program(void);
+
+extern Tree vcall(Symbol func, Type ty, ...);
+extern Tree addrof(Tree);
+extern Tree asgn(Symbol, Tree);
+extern Tree asgntree(int, Tree, Tree);
+extern Type assign(Type, Tree);
+extern Tree bittree(int, Tree, Tree);
+extern Tree call(Tree, Type, Coordinate);
+extern Tree calltree(Tree, Type, Tree, Symbol);
+extern Tree condtree(Tree, Tree, Tree);
+extern Tree cnsttree(Type, ...);
+extern Tree consttree(unsigned int, Type);
+extern Tree eqtree(int, Tree, Tree);
+extern int iscallb(Tree);
+extern Tree shtree(int, Tree, Tree);
+extern void typeerror(int, Tree, Tree);
+
+extern void test(int tok, char set[]);
+extern void expect(int tok);
+extern void skipto(int tok, char set[]);
+extern void error(const char *, ...);
+extern int fatal(const char *, const char *, int);
+extern void warning(const char *, ...);
+
+typedef void (*Apply)(void *, void *, void *);
+extern void attach(Apply, void *, List *);
+extern void apply(List event, void *arg1, void *arg2);
+extern Tree retype(Tree p, Type ty);
+extern Tree rightkid(Tree p);
+extern int hascall(Tree p);
+extern Type binary(Type, Type);
+extern Tree cast(Tree, Type);
+extern Tree cond(Tree);
+extern Tree expr0(int);
+extern Tree expr(int);
+extern Tree expr1(int);
+extern Tree field(Tree, const char *);
+extern char *funcname(Tree);
+extern Tree idtree(Symbol);
+extern Tree incr(int, Tree, Tree);
+extern Tree lvalue(Tree);
+extern Tree nullcall(Type, Symbol, Tree, Tree);
+extern Tree pointer(Tree);
+extern Tree rvalue(Tree);
+extern Tree value(Tree);
+
+extern void defpointer(Symbol);
+extern Type initializer(Type, int);
+extern void swtoseg(int);
+
+extern void input_init(int, char *[]);
+extern void fillbuf(void);
+extern void nextline(void);
+
+extern int getchr(void);
+extern int gettok(void);
+
+extern void emitcode(void);
+extern void gencode (Symbol[], Symbol[]);
+extern void fprint(FILE *f, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern char *stringf(const char *, ...);
+extern void check(Node);
+extern void print(const char *, ...);
+
+extern List append(void *x, List list);
+extern int  length(List list);
+extern void *ltov (List *list, unsigned a);
+extern void init(int, char *[]);
+
+extern Type typename(void);
+extern void checklab(Symbol p, void *cl);
+extern Type enumdcl(void);
+extern void main_init(int, char *[]);
+extern int main(int, char *[]);
+
+extern void vfprint(FILE *, char *, const char *, va_list);
+
+extern int process(char *);
+extern int findfunc(char *, char *);
+extern int findcount(char *, int, int);
+
+extern Tree constexpr(int);
+extern int intexpr(int, int);
+extern Tree simplify(int, Type, Tree, Tree);
+extern int ispow2(unsigned long u);
+
+extern int reachable(int);
+
+extern void addlocal(Symbol);
+extern void branch(int);
+extern Code code(int);
+extern void definelab(int);
+extern void definept(Coordinate *);
+extern void equatelab(Symbol, Symbol);
+extern Node jump(int);
+extern void retcode(Tree);
+extern void statement(int, Swtch, int);
+extern void swcode(Swtch, int *, int, int);
+extern void swgen(Swtch);
+
+extern char * string(const char *str);
+extern char *stringn(const char *str, int len);
+extern char *stringd(long n);
+extern Symbol relocate(const char *name, Table src, Table dst);
+extern void use(Symbol p, Coordinate src);
+extern void locus(Table tp, Coordinate *cp);
+extern Symbol allsymbols(Table);
+
+extern Symbol constant(Type, Value);
+extern void enterscope(void);
+extern void exitscope(void);
+extern Symbol findlabel(int);
+extern Symbol findtype(Type);
+extern void foreach(Table, int, void (*)(Symbol, void *), void *);
+extern Symbol genident(int, Type, int);
+extern int genlabel(int);
+extern Symbol install(const char *, Table *, int, int);
+extern Symbol intconst(int);
+extern Symbol lookup(const char *, Table);
+extern Symbol mkstr(char *);
+extern Symbol mksymbol(int, const char *, Type);
+extern Symbol newtemp(int, int, int);
+extern Table table(Table, int);
+extern Symbol temporary(int, Type);
+extern char *vtoa(Type, Value);
+
+extern int nodeid(Tree);
+extern char *opname(int);
+extern int *printed(int);
+extern void printtree(Tree, int);
+extern Tree root(Tree);
+extern Tree texpr(Tree (*)(int), int, int);
+extern Tree tree(int, Type, Tree, Tree);
+
+extern void type_init(int, char *[]);
+
+extern Type signedint(Type);
+
+extern int hasproto(Type);
+extern void outtype(Type, FILE *);
+extern void printdecl (Symbol p, Type ty);
+extern void printproto(Symbol p, Symbol args[]);
+extern char *typestring(Type ty, char *id);
+extern Field fieldref(const char *name, Type ty);
+extern Type array(Type, int, int);
+extern Type atop(Type);
+extern Type btot(int, int);
+extern Type compose(Type, Type);
+extern Type deref(Type);
+extern int eqtype(Type, Type, int);
+extern Field fieldlist(Type);
+extern Type freturn(Type);
+extern Type ftype(Type, Type);
+extern Type func(Type, Type *, int);
+extern Field newfield(char *, Type, Type);
+extern Type newstruct(int, char *);
+extern void printtype(Type, int);
+extern Type promote(Type);
+extern Type ptr(Type);
+extern Type qual(int, Type);
+extern void rmtypes(int);
+extern int ttob(Type);
+extern int variadic(Type);
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/config.h b/src/tools/lcc/src/config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f0d5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned char max_unaligned_load;
+	Symbol (*rmap)(int);
+
+	void (*blkfetch)(int size, int off, int reg, int tmp);
+	void (*blkstore)(int size, int off, int reg, int tmp);
+	void (*blkloop)(int dreg, int doff,
+	                 int sreg, int soff,
+	                 int size, int tmps[]);
+	void (*_label)(Node);
+	int (*_rule)(void*, int);
+	short **_nts;
+	void (*_kids)(Node, int, Node*);
+	char **_string;
+	char **_templates;
+	char *_isinstruction;
+	char **_ntname;
+	void (*emit2)(Node);
+	void (*doarg)(Node);
+	void (*target)(Node);
+	void (*clobber)(Node);
+} Xinterface;
+extern int     askregvar(Symbol, Symbol);
+extern void    blkcopy(int, int, int, int, int, int[]);
+extern int     getregnum(Node);
+extern int     mayrecalc(Node);
+extern int     mkactual(int, int);
+extern void    mkauto(Symbol);
+extern Symbol  mkreg(char *, int, int, int);
+extern Symbol  mkwildcard(Symbol *);
+extern int     move(Node);
+extern int     notarget(Node);
+extern void    parseflags(int, char **);
+extern int     range(Node, int, int);
+extern unsigned regloc(Symbol);  /* omit */
+extern void    rtarget(Node, int, Symbol);
+extern void    setreg(Node, Symbol);
+extern void    spill(unsigned, int, Node);
+extern int     widens(Node);
+
+extern int      argoffset, maxargoffset;
+extern int      bflag, dflag;
+extern int      dalign, salign;
+extern int      framesize;
+extern unsigned freemask[], usedmask[];
+extern int      offset, maxoffset;
+extern int      swap;
+extern unsigned tmask[], vmask[];
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned listed:1;
+	unsigned registered:1;
+	unsigned emitted:1;
+	unsigned copy:1;
+	unsigned equatable:1;
+	unsigned spills:1;
+	unsigned mayrecalc:1;
+	void *state;
+	short inst;
+	Node kids[3];
+	Node prev, next;
+	Node prevuse;
+	short argno;
+} Xnode;
+typedef struct {
+	Symbol vbl;
+	short set;
+	short number;
+	unsigned mask;
+} *Regnode;
+enum { IREG=0, FREG=1 };
+typedef struct {
+	char *name;
+	unsigned int eaddr;  /* omit */
+	int offset;
+	Node lastuse;
+	int usecount;
+	Regnode regnode;
+	Symbol *wildcard;
+} Xsymbol;
+enum { RX=2 };
+typedef struct {
+	int offset;
+	unsigned freemask[2];
+} Env;
+
+#define LBURG_MAX SHRT_MAX
+
+enum { VREG=(44<<4) };
+
+/* Exported for the front end */
+extern void             blockbeg(Env *);
+extern void             blockend(Env *);
+extern void             emit(Node);
+extern Node             gen(Node);
+
+extern unsigned         emitbin(Node, int);
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define debug(x) (void)0
+#else
+#define debug(x) (void)(dflag&&((x),0))
+#endif
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/dag.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/dag.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..420cbe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/dag.c
@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+#define iscall(op) (generic(op) == CALL \
+	|| (IR->mulops_calls \
+	&& (generic(op)==DIV||generic(op)==MOD||generic(op)==MUL) \
+	&& ( optype(op)==U  || optype(op)==I)))
+static Node forest;
+static struct dag {
+	struct node node;
+	struct dag *hlink;
+} *buckets[16];
+int nodecount;
+static Tree firstarg;
+int assignargs = 1;
+int prunetemps = -1;
+static Node *tail;
+
+static int depth = 0;
+static Node replace(Node);
+static Node prune(Node);
+static Node asgnnode(Symbol, Node);
+static struct dag *dagnode(int, Node, Node, Symbol);
+static Symbol equated(Symbol);
+static void fixup(Node);
+static void labelnode(int);
+static void list(Node);
+static void kill(Symbol);
+static Node node(int, Node, Node, Symbol);
+static void printdag1(Node, int, int);
+static void printnode(Node, int, int);
+static void reset(void);
+static Node tmpnode(Node);
+static void typestab(Symbol, void *);
+static Node undag(Node);
+static Node visit(Node, int);
+static void unlist(void);
+void walk(Tree tp, int tlab, int flab) {
+	listnodes(tp, tlab, flab);
+	if (forest) {
+		Node list = forest->link;
+		forest->link = NULL;
+		if (!IR->wants_dag)
+			list = undag(list);
+		code(Gen)->u.forest = list;
+		forest = NULL;
+	}
+	reset();
+	deallocate(STMT);
+}
+
+static Node node(int op, Node l, Node r, Symbol sym) {
+	int i;
+	struct dag *p;
+
+	i = (opindex(op)^((unsigned long)sym>>2))&(NELEMS(buckets)-1);
+	for (p = buckets[i]; p; p = p->hlink)
+		if (p->node.op      == op && p->node.syms[0] == sym
+		&&  p->node.kids[0] == l  && p->node.kids[1] == r)
+			return &p->node;
+	p = dagnode(op, l, r, sym);
+	p->hlink = buckets[i];
+	buckets[i] = p;
+	++nodecount;
+	return &p->node;
+}
+static struct dag *dagnode(int op, Node l, Node r, Symbol sym) {
+	struct dag *p;
+
+	NEW0(p, FUNC);
+	p->node.op = op;
+	if ((p->node.kids[0] = l) != NULL)
+		++l->count;
+	if ((p->node.kids[1] = r) != NULL)
+		++r->count;
+	p->node.syms[0] = sym;
+	return p;
+}
+Node newnode(int op, Node l, Node r, Symbol sym) {
+	return &dagnode(op, l, r, sym)->node;
+}
+static void kill(Symbol p) {
+	int i;
+	struct dag **q;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(buckets); i++)
+		for (q = &buckets[i]; *q; )
+			if (generic((*q)->node.op) == INDIR &&
+			    (!isaddrop((*q)->node.kids[0]->op)
+			     || (*q)->node.kids[0]->syms[0] == p)) {
+				*q = (*q)->hlink;
+				--nodecount;
+			} else
+				q = &(*q)->hlink;
+}
+static void reset(void) {
+	if (nodecount > 0)
+		memset(buckets, 0, sizeof buckets);
+	nodecount = 0;
+}
+Node listnodes(Tree tp, int tlab, int flab) {
+	Node p = NULL, l, r;
+	int op;
+
+	assert(tlab || flab || (tlab == 0 && flab == 0));
+	if (tp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	if (tp->node)
+		return tp->node;
+	op = tp->op + sizeop(tp->type->size);
+	switch (generic(tp->op)) {
+	case AND:   { if (depth++ == 0) reset();
+		      if (flab) {
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, flab);
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, flab);
+		      } else {
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, flab = genlabel(1));
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[1], tlab, 0);
+		      	labelnode(flab);
+		      }
+		      depth--; } break;
+	case OR:    { if (depth++ == 0)
+		      	reset();
+		      if (tlab) {
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[0], tlab, 0);
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[1], tlab, 0);
+		      } else {
+		      	tlab = genlabel(1);
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[0], tlab, 0);
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, flab);
+		      	labelnode(tlab);
+		      }
+		      depth--;
+ } break;
+	case NOT:   { return listnodes(tp->kids[0], flab, tlab); }
+	case COND:  { Tree q = tp->kids[1];
+		      assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      if (tp->u.sym)
+		      	addlocal(tp->u.sym);
+		      flab = genlabel(2);
+		      listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, flab);
+		      assert(q && q->op == RIGHT);
+		      reset();
+		      listnodes(q->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      if (forest->op == LABEL+V) {
+		      	equatelab(forest->syms[0], findlabel(flab + 1));
+		      	unlist();
+		      }
+		      list(jump(flab + 1));
+		      labelnode(flab);
+		      listnodes(q->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      if (forest->op == LABEL+V) {
+		      	equatelab(forest->syms[0], findlabel(flab + 1));
+		      	unlist();
+		      }
+		      labelnode(flab + 1);
+
+		      if (tp->u.sym)
+		      	p = listnodes(idtree(tp->u.sym), 0, 0); } break;
+	case CNST:  { Type ty = unqual(tp->type);
+		      assert(ty->u.sym);
+		      if (tlab || flab) {
+		      	assert(ty == inttype);
+		      	if (tlab && tp->u.v.i != 0)
+		      		list(jump(tlab));
+		      	else if (flab && tp->u.v.i == 0)
+		      		list(jump(flab));
+		      }
+		      else if (ty->u.sym->addressed)
+		      	p = listnodes(cvtconst(tp), 0, 0);
+		      else
+		      	p = node(op, NULL, NULL, constant(ty, tp->u.v)); } break;
+	case RIGHT: { if (   tp->kids[0] && tp->kids[1]
+			  &&  generic(tp->kids[1]->op) == ASGN
+			  && ((generic(tp->kids[0]->op) == INDIR
+			  && tp->kids[0]->kids[0] == tp->kids[1]->kids[0])
+			  || (tp->kids[0]->op == FIELD
+			  &&  tp->kids[0] == tp->kids[1]->kids[0]))) {
+		      	assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+			if (generic(tp->kids[0]->op) == INDIR) {
+				p = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+				list(p);
+				listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+			}
+			else {
+				assert(generic(tp->kids[0]->kids[0]->op) == INDIR);
+				list(listnodes(tp->kids[0]->kids[0], 0, 0));
+				p = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+				listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+			}
+		      } else if (tp->kids[1]) {
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      	p = listnodes(tp->kids[1], tlab, flab);
+		      } else
+		      	p = listnodes(tp->kids[0], tlab, flab); } break;
+	case JUMP:  { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      assert(tp->u.sym == 0);
+		      assert(tp->kids[0]);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      list(newnode(JUMP+V, l, NULL, NULL));
+		      reset(); } break;
+	case CALL:  { Tree save = firstarg;
+		      firstarg = NULL;
+		      assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      if (tp->op == CALL+B && !IR->wants_callb) {
+		      	Tree arg0 = tree(ARG+P, tp->kids[1]->type,
+				tp->kids[1], NULL);
+			if (IR->left_to_right)
+				firstarg = arg0;
+			l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+			if (!IR->left_to_right || firstarg) {
+				firstarg = NULL;
+				listnodes(arg0, 0, 0);
+			}
+		      	p = newnode(CALL+V, l, NULL, NULL);
+		      } else {
+		      	l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      	r = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      	p = newnode(tp->op == CALL+B ? tp->op : op, l, r, NULL);
+		      }
+		      NEW0(p->syms[0], FUNC);
+		      assert(isptr(tp->kids[0]->type));
+		      assert(isfunc(tp->kids[0]->type->type));
+		      p->syms[0]->type = tp->kids[0]->type->type;
+		      list(p);
+		      reset();
+		      cfunc->u.f.ncalls++;
+		      firstarg = save;
+ } break;
+	case ARG:   { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      if (IR->left_to_right)
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      if (firstarg) {
+		      	Tree arg = firstarg;
+		      	firstarg = NULL;
+		      	listnodes(arg, 0, 0);
+		      }
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      list(newnode(tp->op == ARG+B ? tp->op : op, l, NULL, NULL));
+		      forest->syms[0] = intconst(tp->type->size);
+		      forest->syms[1] = intconst(tp->type->align);
+		      if (!IR->left_to_right)
+		      	listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0); } break;
+	case EQ:  case NE: case GT: case GE: case LE:
+	case LT:    { assert(tp->u.sym == 0);
+		      assert(errcnt || tlab || flab);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      r = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      assert(errcnt || opkind(l->op) == opkind(r->op));
+		      assert(errcnt || optype(op) == optype(l->op));
+		      if (tlab)
+		      	assert(flab == 0),
+		      	list(newnode(generic(tp->op) + opkind(l->op), l, r, findlabel(tlab)));
+		      else if (flab) {
+		      	switch (generic(tp->op)) {
+		      	case EQ: op = NE; break;
+		      	case NE: op = EQ; break;
+		      	case GT: op = LE; break;
+		      	case LT: op = GE; break;
+		      	case GE: op = LT; break;
+		      	case LE: op = GT; break;
+		      	default: assert(0);
+		      	}
+		      	list(newnode(op + opkind(l->op), l, r, findlabel(flab)));
+		      }
+		      if (forest && forest->syms[0])
+		      	forest->syms[0]->ref++; } break;
+	case ASGN:  { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      if (tp->kids[0]->op == FIELD) {
+		      	Tree  x = tp->kids[0]->kids[0];
+			Field f = tp->kids[0]->u.field;
+			assert(generic(x->op) == INDIR);
+			reset();
+			l = listnodes(lvalue(x), 0, 0);
+			if (fieldsize(f) < 8*f->type->size) {
+				unsigned int fmask = fieldmask(f);
+				unsigned int  mask = fmask<<fieldright(f);
+				Tree q = tp->kids[1];
+				if ((q->op == CNST+I && q->u.v.i == 0)
+				||  (q->op == CNST+U && q->u.v.u == 0))
+					q = bittree(BAND, x, cnsttree(unsignedtype, (unsigned long)~mask));
+				else if ((q->op == CNST+I && (q->u.v.i&fmask) == fmask)
+				||       (q->op == CNST+U && (q->u.v.u&fmask) == fmask))
+					q = bittree(BOR, x, cnsttree(unsignedtype, (unsigned long)mask));
+				else {
+					listnodes(q, 0, 0);
+					q = bittree(BOR,
+						bittree(BAND, rvalue(lvalue(x)),
+							cnsttree(unsignedtype, (unsigned long)~mask)),
+						bittree(BAND, shtree(LSH, cast(q, unsignedtype),
+							cnsttree(unsignedtype, (unsigned long)fieldright(f))),
+							cnsttree(unsignedtype, (unsigned long)mask)));
+				}
+				r = listnodes(q, 0, 0);
+				op = ASGN + ttob(q->type);
+			} else {
+				r = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+				op = ASGN + ttob(tp->kids[1]->type);
+			}
+		      } else {
+		      	l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      	r = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      }
+		      list(newnode(tp->op == ASGN+B ? tp->op : op, l, r, NULL));
+		      forest->syms[0] = intconst(tp->kids[1]->type->size);
+		      forest->syms[1] = intconst(tp->kids[1]->type->align);
+		      if (isaddrop(tp->kids[0]->op)
+		      && !tp->kids[0]->u.sym->computed)
+		      	kill(tp->kids[0]->u.sym);
+		      else
+		      	reset();
+		      p = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0); } break;
+	case BOR: case BAND: case BXOR:
+	case ADD: case SUB:  case RSH:
+	case LSH:   { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      r = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      p = node(op, l, r, NULL); } break;
+	case DIV: case MUL:
+	case MOD:   { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      r = listnodes(tp->kids[1], 0, 0);
+		      p = node(op, l, r, NULL);
+		      if (IR->mulops_calls && isint(tp->type)) {
+		      	list(p);
+		      	cfunc->u.f.ncalls++;
+		      } } break;
+	case RET:   { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      list(newnode(op, l, NULL, NULL)); } break;
+	case CVF: case CVI: case CVP:
+	case CVU:   { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      assert(optype(tp->kids[0]->op) != optype(tp->op) || tp->kids[0]->type->size != tp->type->size);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      p = node(op, l, NULL, intconst(tp->kids[0]->type->size));
+ } break;
+	case BCOM:
+	case NEG:   { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      p = node(op, l, NULL, NULL); } break;
+	case INDIR: { Type ty = tp->kids[0]->type;
+		      assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      l = listnodes(tp->kids[0], 0, 0);
+		      if (isptr(ty))
+		      	ty = unqual(ty)->type;
+		      if (isvolatile(ty)
+		      || (isstruct(ty) && unqual(ty)->u.sym->u.s.vfields))
+		      	p = newnode(tp->op == INDIR+B ? tp->op : op, l, NULL, NULL);
+		      else
+		      	p = node(tp->op == INDIR+B ? tp->op : op, l, NULL, NULL); } break;
+	case FIELD: { Tree q = tp->kids[0];
+		      if (tp->type == inttype) {
+		      	long n = fieldleft(tp->u.field);
+		      	q = shtree(RSH,
+		      		shtree(LSH, q, cnsttree(inttype, n)),
+		      		cnsttree(inttype, n + fieldright(tp->u.field)));
+		      } else if (fieldsize(tp->u.field) < 8*tp->u.field->type->size)
+		      	q = bittree(BAND,
+		      		shtree(RSH, q, cnsttree(inttype, (long)fieldright(tp->u.field))),
+		      		cnsttree(unsignedtype, (unsigned long)fieldmask(tp->u.field)));
+		      assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      p = listnodes(q, 0, 0); } break;
+	case ADDRG:
+	case ADDRF: { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      p = node(tp->op + sizeop(voidptype->size), NULL, NULL, tp->u.sym);
+ } break;
+	case ADDRL: { assert(tlab == 0 && flab == 0);
+		      if (tp->u.sym->temporary)
+		      	addlocal(tp->u.sym);
+		      p = node(tp->op + sizeop(voidptype->size), NULL, NULL, tp->u.sym); } break;
+	default:assert(0);
+	}
+	tp->node = p;
+	return p;
+}
+static void list(Node p) {
+	if (p && p->link == NULL) {
+		if (forest) {
+			p->link = forest->link;
+			forest->link = p;
+		} else
+			p->link = p;
+		forest = p;
+	}
+}
+static void labelnode(int lab) {
+	assert(lab);
+	if (forest && forest->op == LABEL+V)
+		equatelab(findlabel(lab), forest->syms[0]);
+	else
+		list(newnode(LABEL+V, NULL, NULL, findlabel(lab)));
+	reset();
+}
+static void unlist(void) {
+	Node p;
+
+	assert(forest);
+	assert(forest != forest->link);
+	p = forest->link;
+	while (p->link != forest)
+		p = p->link;
+	p->link = forest->link;
+	forest = p;
+}
+Tree cvtconst(Tree p) {
+	Symbol q = constant(p->type, p->u.v);
+	Tree e;
+
+	if (q->u.c.loc == NULL)
+		q->u.c.loc = genident(STATIC, p->type, GLOBAL);
+	if (isarray(p->type)) {
+		e = simplify(ADDRG, atop(p->type), NULL, NULL);
+		e->u.sym = q->u.c.loc;
+	} else
+		e = idtree(q->u.c.loc);
+	return e;
+}
+void gencode(Symbol caller[], Symbol callee[]) {
+	Code cp;
+	Coordinate save;
+
+	if (prunetemps == -1)
+		prunetemps = !IR->wants_dag;
+	save = src;
+	if (assignargs) {
+		int i;
+		Symbol p, q;
+		cp = codehead.next->next;
+		codelist = codehead.next;
+		for (i = 0; (p = callee[i]) != NULL
+		         && (q = caller[i]) != NULL; i++)
+			if (p->sclass != q->sclass || p->type != q->type)
+				walk(asgn(p, idtree(q)), 0, 0);
+		codelist->next = cp;
+		cp->prev = codelist;
+	}
+	if (glevel && IR->stabsym) {
+		int i;
+		Symbol p, q;
+		for (i = 0; (p = callee[i]) != NULL
+		         && (q = caller[i]) != NULL; i++) {
+			(*IR->stabsym)(p);
+			if (p->sclass != q->sclass || p->type != q->type)
+				(*IR->stabsym)(q);
+		}
+		swtoseg(CODE);
+	}
+	cp = codehead.next;
+	for ( ; errcnt <= 0 && cp; cp = cp->next)
+		switch (cp->kind) {
+		case Address:  (*IR->address)(cp->u.addr.sym, cp->u.addr.base,
+			       	cp->u.addr.offset); break;
+		case Blockbeg: {
+			       	Symbol *p = cp->u.block.locals;
+			       	(*IR->blockbeg)(&cp->u.block.x);
+			       	for ( ; *p; p++)
+			       		if ((*p)->ref != 0.0)
+			       			(*IR->local)(*p);
+			       		else if (glevel) (*IR->local)(*p);
+			       }
+ break;
+		case Blockend: (*IR->blockend)(&cp->u.begin->u.block.x); break;
+		case Defpoint: src = cp->u.point.src; break;
+		case Gen: case Jump:
+		case Label:    if (prunetemps)
+			       	cp->u.forest = prune(cp->u.forest);
+			       fixup(cp->u.forest);
+			       cp->u.forest = (*IR->gen)(cp->u.forest); break;
+		case Local:    (*IR->local)(cp->u.var); break;
+		case Switch:   break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	src = save;
+}
+static void fixup(Node p) {
+	for ( ; p; p = p->link)
+		switch (generic(p->op)) {
+		case JUMP:
+			if (specific(p->kids[0]->op) == ADDRG+P)
+				p->kids[0]->syms[0] =
+					equated(p->kids[0]->syms[0]);
+			break;
+		case LABEL: assert(p->syms[0] == equated(p->syms[0])); break;
+		case EQ: case GE: case GT: case LE: case LT: case NE:
+			assert(p->syms[0]);
+			p->syms[0] = equated(p->syms[0]);
+		}
+}
+static Symbol equated(Symbol p) {
+	{ Symbol q; for (q = p->u.l.equatedto; q; q = q->u.l.equatedto) assert(p != q); }
+	while (p->u.l.equatedto)
+		p = p->u.l.equatedto;
+	return p;
+}
+void emitcode(void) {
+	Code cp;
+	Coordinate save;
+
+	save = src;
+	cp = codehead.next;
+	for ( ; errcnt <= 0 && cp; cp = cp->next)
+		switch (cp->kind) {
+		case Address: break;
+		case Blockbeg: if (glevel && IR->stabblock) {
+			       	(*IR->stabblock)('{',  cp->u.block.level - LOCAL, cp->u.block.locals);
+			       	swtoseg(CODE);
+			       }
+ break;
+		case Blockend: if (glevel && IR->stabblock) {
+			       	Code bp = cp->u.begin;
+			       	foreach(bp->u.block.identifiers, bp->u.block.level, typestab, NULL);
+			       	foreach(bp->u.block.types,       bp->u.block.level, typestab, NULL);
+			       	(*IR->stabblock)('}', bp->u.block.level - LOCAL, bp->u.block.locals);
+			       	swtoseg(CODE);
+			       }
+ break;
+		case Defpoint: src = cp->u.point.src;
+			       if (glevel > 0 && IR->stabline) {
+			       	(*IR->stabline)(&cp->u.point.src); swtoseg(CODE); } break;
+		case Gen: case Jump:
+		case Label:    if (cp->u.forest)
+			       	(*IR->emit)(cp->u.forest); break;
+		case Local:    if (glevel && IR->stabsym) {
+			       	(*IR->stabsym)(cp->u.var);
+			       	swtoseg(CODE);
+			       } break;
+		case Switch:   {	int i;
+			       	defglobal(cp->u.swtch.table, LIT);
+			       	(*IR->defaddress)(equated(cp->u.swtch.labels[0]));
+			       	for (i = 1; i < cp->u.swtch.size; i++) {
+			       		long k = cp->u.swtch.values[i-1];
+			       		while (++k < cp->u.swtch.values[i])
+			       			assert(k < LONG_MAX),
+			       			(*IR->defaddress)(equated(cp->u.swtch.deflab));
+			       		(*IR->defaddress)(equated(cp->u.swtch.labels[i]));
+			       	}
+			       	swtoseg(CODE);
+			       } break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	src = save;
+}
+
+static Node undag(Node forest) {
+	Node p;
+
+	tail = &forest;
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->link)
+		if (generic(p->op) == INDIR) {
+			assert(p->count >= 1);
+			visit(p, 1);
+			if (p->syms[2]) {
+				assert(p->syms[2]->u.t.cse);
+				p->syms[2]->u.t.cse = NULL;
+				addlocal(p->syms[2]);
+			}
+		} else if (iscall(p->op) && p->count >= 1)
+			visit(p, 1);
+		else {
+			assert(p->count == 0),
+			visit(p, 1);
+			*tail = p;
+			tail = &p->link;
+		}
+	*tail = NULL;
+	return forest;
+}
+static Node replace(Node p) {
+	if (p && (  generic(p->op) == INDIR
+		 && generic(p->kids[0]->op) == ADDRL
+		 && p->kids[0]->syms[0]->temporary
+		 && p->kids[0]->syms[0]->u.t.replace)) {
+		p = p->kids[0]->syms[0]->u.t.cse;
+		if (generic(p->op) == INDIR && isaddrop(p->kids[0]->op))
+			p = newnode(p->op, newnode(p->kids[0]->op, NULL, NULL,
+				p->kids[0]->syms[0]), NULL, NULL);
+		else if (generic(p->op) == ADDRG)
+			p = newnode(p->op, NULL, NULL, p->syms[0]);
+		else
+			assert(0);
+		p->count = 1;
+	} else if (p) {
+		p->kids[0] = replace(p->kids[0]);
+		p->kids[1] = replace(p->kids[1]);
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+static Node prune(Node forest) {
+	Node p, *tail = &forest;
+	int count = 0;
+
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->link) {
+		if (count > 0) {
+			p->kids[0] = replace(p->kids[0]);
+			p->kids[1] = replace(p->kids[1]);
+		}
+		if ((  generic(p->op) == ASGN
+		    && generic(p->kids[0]->op) == ADDRL
+		    && p->kids[0]->syms[0]->temporary
+		    && p->kids[0]->syms[0]->u.t.cse == p->kids[1])) {
+			Symbol tmp = p->kids[0]->syms[0];
+			if (!tmp->defined)
+				(*IR->local)(tmp);
+			tmp->defined = 1;
+			if ((  generic(p->kids[1]->op) == INDIR
+			    && isaddrop(p->kids[1]->kids[0]->op)
+			    && p->kids[1]->kids[0]->syms[0]->sclass == REGISTER)
+			|| ((  generic(p->kids[1]->op) == INDIR
+			    && isaddrop(p->kids[1]->kids[0]->op)) && tmp->sclass == AUTO)
+			|| (generic(p->kids[1]->op) == ADDRG && tmp->sclass == AUTO)) {
+				tmp->u.t.replace = 1;
+				count++;
+				continue;	/* and omit the assignment */
+			}
+		}
+		/* keep the assignment and other roots */
+		*tail = p;
+		tail = &(*tail)->link;
+	}
+	assert(*tail == NULL);
+	return forest;
+}
+static Node visit(Node p, int listed) {
+	if (p) {
+		if (p->syms[2])
+			p = tmpnode(p);
+		else if ((p->count <= 1 && !iscall(p->op))
+		||       (p->count == 0 &&  iscall(p->op))) {
+			p->kids[0] = visit(p->kids[0], 0);
+			p->kids[1] = visit(p->kids[1], 0);
+		}
+
+		else if (specific(p->op) == ADDRL+P || specific(p->op) == ADDRF+P) {
+			assert(!listed);
+			p = newnode(p->op, NULL, NULL, p->syms[0]);
+			p->count = 1;
+		}
+		else if (p->op == INDIR+B) {
+			p = newnode(p->op, p->kids[0], NULL, NULL);
+			p->count = 1;
+			p->kids[0] = visit(p->kids[0], 0);
+			p->kids[1] = visit(p->kids[1], 0);
+		}
+		else {
+			p->kids[0] = visit(p->kids[0], 0);
+			p->kids[1] = visit(p->kids[1], 0);
+			p->syms[2] = temporary(REGISTER, btot(p->op, opsize(p->op)));
+			assert(!p->syms[2]->defined);
+			p->syms[2]->ref = 1;
+			p->syms[2]->u.t.cse = p;
+
+			*tail = asgnnode(p->syms[2], p);
+			tail = &(*tail)->link;
+			if (!listed)
+				p = tmpnode(p);
+		};
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+static Node tmpnode(Node p) {
+	Symbol tmp = p->syms[2];
+
+	assert(tmp);
+	if (--p->count == 0)
+		p->syms[2] = NULL;
+	p = newnode(INDIR + ttob(tmp->type),
+		newnode(ADDRL + ttob(voidptype), NULL, NULL, tmp), NULL, NULL);
+	p->count = 1;
+	return p;
+}
+static Node asgnnode(Symbol tmp, Node p) {
+	p = newnode(ASGN + ttob(tmp->type),
+		newnode(ADDRL + ttob(voidptype), NULL, NULL, tmp), p, NULL);
+	p->syms[0] = intconst(tmp->type->size);
+	p->syms[1] = intconst(tmp->type->align);
+	return p;
+}
+/* printdag - print dag p on fd, or the node list if p == 0 */
+void printdag(Node p, int fd) {
+	FILE *f = fd == 1 ? stdout : stderr;
+
+	printed(0);
+	if (p == 0) {
+		if ((p = forest) != NULL)
+			do {
+				p = p->link;
+				printdag1(p, fd, 0);
+			} while (p != forest);
+	} else if (*printed(nodeid((Tree)p)))
+		fprint(f, "node'%d printed above\n", nodeid((Tree)p));
+	else
+		printdag1(p, fd, 0);
+}
+
+/* printdag1 - recursively print dag p */
+static void printdag1(Node p, int fd, int lev) {
+	int id, i;
+
+	if (p == 0 || *printed(id = nodeid((Tree)p)))
+		return;
+	*printed(id) = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->kids); i++)
+		printdag1(p->kids[i], fd, lev + 1);
+	printnode(p, fd, lev);
+}
+
+/* printnode - print fields of dag p */
+static void printnode(Node p, int fd, int lev) {
+	if (p) {
+		FILE *f = fd == 1 ? stdout : stderr;
+		int i, id = nodeid((Tree)p);
+		fprint(f, "%c%d%s", lev == 0 ? '\'' : '#', id,
+			&"   "[id < 10 ? 0 : id < 100 ? 1 : 2]);
+		fprint(f, "%s count=%d", opname(p->op), p->count);
+		for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->kids) && p->kids[i]; i++)
+			fprint(f, " #%d", nodeid((Tree)p->kids[i]));
+		if (generic(p->op) == CALL && p->syms[0] && p->syms[0]->type)
+			fprint(f, " {%t}", p->syms[0]->type);
+		else
+			for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->syms) && p->syms[i]; i++)
+				if (p->syms[i]->name)
+					fprint(f, " %s", p->syms[i]->name);
+				else
+					fprint(f, " %p", p->syms[i]);
+		fprint(f, "\n");
+	}
+}
+
+/* typestab - emit stab entries for p */
+static void typestab(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	if (!isfunc(p->type) && (p->sclass == EXTERN || p->sclass == STATIC) && IR->stabsym)
+		(*IR->stabsym)(p);
+	else if ((p->sclass == TYPEDEF || p->sclass == 0) && IR->stabtype)
+		(*IR->stabtype)(p);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/dagcheck.md b/src/tools/lcc/src/dagcheck.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..292dbee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/dagcheck.md
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+%{
+#include "c.h"
+typedef Node NODEPTR_TYPE;
+#define OP_LABEL(p)     (specific((p)->op))
+#define LEFT_CHILD(p)   ((p)->kids[0])
+#define RIGHT_CHILD(p)  ((p)->kids[1])
+#define STATE_LABEL(p)  ((p)->x.state)
+#define PANIC	   error
+%}
+%term CNSTF=17 CNSTI=21 CNSTP=23 CNSTU=22
+%term ARGB=41 ARGF=33 ARGI=37 ARGP=39 ARGU=38
+%term ASGNB=57 ASGNF=49 ASGNI=53 ASGNP=55 ASGNU=54
+%term INDIRB=73 INDIRF=65 INDIRI=69 INDIRP=71 INDIRU=70
+%term CVFF=113 CVFI=117
+%term CVIF=129 CVII=133 CVIU=134
+%term CVPP=151 CVPU=150
+%term CVUI=181 CVUP=183 CVUU=182
+%term NEGF=193 NEGI=197
+%term CALLB=217 CALLF=209 CALLI=213 CALLP=215 CALLU=214 CALLV=216
+%term RETF=241 RETI=245 RETP=247 RETU=246 RETV=248
+%term ADDRGP=263
+%term ADDRFP=279
+%term ADDRLP=295
+%term ADDF=305 ADDI=309 ADDP=311 ADDU=310
+%term SUBF=321 SUBI=325 SUBP=327 SUBU=326
+%term LSHI=341 LSHU=342
+%term MODI=357 MODU=358
+%term RSHI=373 RSHU=374
+%term BANDI=389 BANDU=390
+%term BCOMI=405 BCOMU=406
+%term BORI=421 BORU=422
+%term BXORI=437 BXORU=438
+%term DIVF=449 DIVI=453 DIVU=454
+%term MULF=465 MULI=469 MULU=470
+%term EQF=481 EQI=485 EQU=486
+%term GEF=497 GEI=501 GEU=502
+%term GTF=513 GTI=517 GTU=518
+%term LEF=529 LEI=533 LEU=534
+%term LTF=545 LTI=549 LTU=550
+%term NEF=561 NEI=565 NEU=566
+%term JUMPV=584
+%term LABELV=600
+%%
+stmt: INDIRB(P) ""
+stmt: INDIRF(P) ""
+stmt: INDIRI(P) ""
+stmt: INDIRU(P) ""
+stmt: INDIRP(P) ""
+stmt: CALLF(P) ""
+stmt: CALLI(P) ""
+stmt: CALLU(P) ""
+stmt: CALLP(P) ""
+stmt: V ""
+bogus: I "" 1
+bogus: U "" 1
+bogus: P "" 1
+bogus: F "" 1
+bogus: B "" 1
+bogus: V "" 1
+I: bogus "" 1
+U: bogus "" 1
+P: bogus "" 1
+F: bogus "" 1
+B: bogus "" 1
+V: bogus "" 1
+F: CNSTF ""
+I: CNSTI ""
+P: CNSTP ""
+U: CNSTU ""
+V: ARGB(B) ""
+V: ARGF(F) ""
+V: ARGI(I) ""
+V: ARGU(U) ""
+V: ARGP(P) ""
+V: ASGNB(P,B) ""
+V: ASGNF(P,F) ""
+V: ASGNI(P,I) ""
+V: ASGNU(P,U) ""
+V: ASGNP(P,P) ""
+B: INDIRB(P) ""
+F: INDIRF(P) ""
+I: INDIRI(P) ""
+U: INDIRU(P) ""
+P: INDIRP(P) ""
+I: CVII(I) ""
+I: CVUI(U) ""
+I: CVFI(F) ""
+U: CVIU(I) ""
+U: CVUU(U) ""
+U: CVPU(P) ""
+F: CVIF(I) ""
+F: CVFF(F) ""
+P: CVUP(U) ""
+P: CVPP(P) ""
+F: NEGF(F) ""
+I: NEGI(I) ""
+V: CALLB(P,P) ""
+F: CALLF(P) ""
+I: CALLI(P) ""
+U: CALLU(P) ""
+P: CALLP(P) ""
+V: CALLV(P) ""
+V: RETF(F) ""
+V: RETI(I) ""
+V: RETU(U) ""
+V: RETP(P) ""
+V: RETV ""
+P: ADDRGP ""
+P: ADDRFP ""
+P: ADDRLP ""
+F: ADDF(F,F) ""
+I: ADDI(I,I) ""
+P: ADDP(P,I) ""
+P: ADDP(I,P) ""
+P: ADDP(U,P) ""
+P: ADDP(P,U) ""
+U: ADDU(U,U) ""
+F: SUBF(F,F) ""
+I: SUBI(I,I) ""
+P: SUBP(P,I) ""
+P: SUBP(P,U) ""
+U: SUBU(U,U) ""
+I: LSHI(I,I) ""
+U: LSHU(U,I) ""
+I: MODI(I,I) ""
+U: MODU(U,U) ""
+I: RSHI(I,I) ""
+U: RSHU(U,I) ""
+U: BANDU(U,U) ""
+I: BANDI(I,I) ""
+U: BCOMU(U) ""
+I: BCOMI(I) ""
+I: BORI(I,I) ""
+U: BORU(U,U) ""
+U: BXORU(U,U) ""
+I: BXORI(I,I) ""
+F: DIVF(F,F) ""
+I: DIVI(I,I) ""
+U: DIVU(U,U) ""
+F: MULF(F,F) ""
+I: MULI(I,I) ""
+U: MULU(U,U) ""
+V: EQF(F,F) ""
+V: EQI(I,I) ""
+V: EQU(U,U) ""
+V: GEF(F,F) ""
+V: GEI(I,I) ""
+V: GEU(U,U) ""
+V: GTF(F,F) ""
+V: GTI(I,I) ""
+V: GTU(U,U) ""
+V: LEF(F,F) ""
+V: LEI(I,I) ""
+V: LEU(U,U) ""
+V: LTF(F,F) ""
+V: LTI(I,I) ""
+V: LTU(U,U) ""
+V: NEF(F,F) ""
+V: NEI(I,I) ""
+V: NEU(U,U) ""
+V: JUMPV(P) ""
+V: LABELV ""
+%%
+
+static void reduce(NODEPTR_TYPE p, int goalnt) {
+	int i, sz = opsize(p->op), rulenumber = _rule(p->x.state, goalnt);
+	short *nts = _nts[rulenumber];
+	NODEPTR_TYPE kids[10];
+
+	assert(rulenumber);
+	_kids(p, rulenumber, kids);
+	for (i = 0; nts[i]; i++)
+		reduce(kids[i], nts[i]);
+	switch (optype(p->op)) {
+#define xx(ty) if (sz == ty->size) return
+	case I:
+	case U:
+		xx(chartype);
+		xx(shorttype);
+		xx(inttype);
+		xx(longtype);
+		xx(longlong);
+		break;
+	case F:
+		xx(floattype);
+		xx(doubletype);
+		xx(longdouble);
+		break;
+	case P:
+		xx(voidptype);
+		xx(funcptype);
+		break;
+	case V:
+	case B: if (sz == 0) return;
+#undef xx
+	}
+	printdag(p, 2);
+	assert(0);
+}
+
+void check(Node p) {
+	struct _state { short cost[1]; };
+
+	_label(p);
+	if (((struct _state *)p->x.state)->cost[1] > 0) {
+		printdag(p, 2);
+		assert(0);
+	}
+	reduce(p, 1);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/decl.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/decl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..132241e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/decl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1162 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+#define add(x,n) (x > inttype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i-(n) ? (overflow=1,x) : x+(n))
+#define chkoverflow(x,n) ((void)add(x,n))
+#define bits2bytes(n) (((n) + 7)/8)
+static int regcount;
+
+static List autos, registers;
+Symbol cfunc;		/* current function */
+Symbol retv;		/* return value location for structs */
+
+static void checkref(Symbol, void *);
+static Symbol dclglobal(int, char *, Type, Coordinate *);
+static Symbol dcllocal(int, char *, Type, Coordinate *);
+static Symbol dclparam(int, char *, Type, Coordinate *);
+static Type dclr(Type, char **, Symbol **, int);
+static Type dclr1(char **, Symbol **, int);
+static void decl(Symbol (*)(int, char *, Type, Coordinate *));
+extern void doconst(Symbol, void *);
+static void doglobal(Symbol, void *);
+static void doextern(Symbol, void *);
+static void exitparams(Symbol []);
+static void fields(Type);
+static void funcdefn(int, char *, Type, Symbol [], Coordinate);
+static void initglobal(Symbol, int);
+static void oldparam(Symbol, void *);
+static Symbol *parameters(Type);
+static Type specifier(int *);
+static Type structdcl(int);
+static Type tnode(int, Type);
+void program(void) {
+	int n;
+	
+	level = GLOBAL;
+	for (n = 0; t != EOI; n++)
+		if (kind[t] == CHAR || kind[t] == STATIC
+		|| t == ID || t == '*' || t == '(') {
+			decl(dclglobal);
+			deallocate(STMT);
+			if (!(glevel >= 3 || xref))
+			deallocate(FUNC);
+		} else if (t == ';') {
+			warning("empty declaration\n");
+			t = gettok();
+		} else {
+			error("unrecognized declaration\n");
+			t = gettok();
+		}
+	if (n == 0)
+		warning("empty input file\n");
+}
+static Type specifier(int *sclass) {
+	int cls, cons, sign, size, type, vol;
+	Type ty = NULL;
+
+	cls = vol = cons = sign = size = type = 0;
+	if (sclass == NULL)
+		cls = AUTO;
+	for (;;) {
+		int *p, tt = t;
+		switch (t) {
+		case AUTO:
+		case REGISTER: if (level <= GLOBAL && cls == 0)
+		               	error("invalid use of `%k'\n", t);
+		               p = &cls;  t = gettok();      break;
+		case STATIC: case EXTERN:
+		case TYPEDEF:  p = &cls;  t = gettok();      break;
+		case CONST:    p = &cons; t = gettok();      break;
+		case VOLATILE: p = &vol;  t = gettok();      break;
+		case SIGNED:
+		case UNSIGNED: p = &sign; t = gettok();      break;
+		case LONG:     if (size == LONG) {
+		                       size = 0;
+		                       tt = LONG+LONG;
+		               }
+		               p = &size; t = gettok();      break;
+		case SHORT:    p = &size; t = gettok();      break;
+		case VOID: case CHAR: case INT: case FLOAT:
+		case DOUBLE:   p = &type; ty = tsym->type;
+		                          t = gettok();      break;
+		case ENUM:     p = &type; ty = enumdcl();    break;
+		case STRUCT:
+		case UNION:    p = &type; ty = structdcl(t); break;
+		case ID:
+			if (istypename(t, tsym) && type == 0
+			&& sign == 0 && size == 0) {
+				use(tsym, src);
+				ty = tsym->type;
+				if (isqual(ty)
+				&& ty->size != ty->type->size) {
+					ty = unqual(ty);
+					if (isconst(tsym->type))
+						ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+					if (isvolatile(tsym->type))
+						ty = qual(VOLATILE, ty);
+					tsym->type = ty;
+				}
+				p = &type;
+				t = gettok();
+			} else
+				p = NULL;
+			break;
+		default: p = NULL;
+		}
+		if (p == NULL)
+			break;
+		if (*p)
+			error("invalid use of `%k'\n", tt);
+		*p = tt;
+	}
+	if (sclass)
+		*sclass = cls;
+	if (type == 0) {
+		type = INT;
+		ty = inttype;
+	}
+	if ((size == SHORT     && type != INT)
+	||  (size == LONG+LONG && type != INT)
+	||  (size == LONG      && type != INT && type != DOUBLE)
+	||  (sign && type != INT && type != CHAR))
+		error("invalid type specification\n");
+	if (type == CHAR && sign)
+		ty = sign == UNSIGNED ? unsignedchar : signedchar;
+	else if (size == SHORT)
+		ty = sign == UNSIGNED ? unsignedshort : shorttype;
+	else if (size == LONG && type == DOUBLE)
+		ty = longdouble;
+	else if (size == LONG+LONG) {
+		ty = sign == UNSIGNED ? unsignedlonglong : longlong;
+		if (Aflag >= 1)
+			warning("`%t' is a non-ANSI type\n", ty);
+	} else if (size == LONG)
+		ty = sign == UNSIGNED ? unsignedlong : longtype;
+	else if (sign == UNSIGNED && type == INT)
+		ty = unsignedtype;
+	if (cons == CONST)
+		ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+	if (vol  == VOLATILE)
+		ty = qual(VOLATILE, ty);
+	return ty;
+}
+static void decl(Symbol (*dcl)(int, char *, Type, Coordinate *)) {
+	int sclass;
+	Type ty, ty1;
+	static char stop[] = { CHAR, STATIC, ID, 0 };
+
+	ty = specifier(&sclass);
+	if (t == ID || t == '*' || t == '(' || t == '[') {
+		char *id;
+		Coordinate pos;
+		id = NULL;
+		pos = src;
+		if (level == GLOBAL) {
+			Symbol *params = NULL;
+			ty1 = dclr(ty, &id, &params, 0);
+			if (params && id && isfunc(ty1)
+			    && (t == '{' || istypename(t, tsym)
+			    || (kind[t] == STATIC && t != TYPEDEF))) {
+				if (sclass == TYPEDEF) {
+					error("invalid use of `typedef'\n");
+					sclass = EXTERN;
+				}
+				if (ty1->u.f.oldstyle)
+					exitscope();
+				funcdefn(sclass, id, ty1, params, pos);
+				return;
+			} else if (params)
+				exitparams(params);
+		} else
+			ty1 = dclr(ty, &id, NULL, 0);
+		for (;;) {
+			if (Aflag >= 1 && !hasproto(ty1))
+				warning("missing prototype\n");
+			if (id == NULL)
+				error("missing identifier\n");
+			else if (sclass == TYPEDEF)
+				{
+					Symbol p = lookup(id, identifiers);
+					if (p && p->scope == level)
+						error("redeclaration of `%s'\n", id);
+					p = install(id, &identifiers, level,
+						level < LOCAL ? PERM : FUNC);
+					p->type = ty1;
+					p->sclass = TYPEDEF;
+					p->src = pos;
+				}
+			else
+				(void)(*dcl)(sclass, id, ty1, &pos);
+			if (t != ',')
+				break;
+			t = gettok();
+			id = NULL;
+			pos = src;
+			ty1 = dclr(ty, &id, NULL, 0);
+		}
+	} else if (ty == NULL
+	|| !(isenum(ty) ||
+	     (isstruct(ty) && (*unqual(ty)->u.sym->name < '1' || *unqual(ty)->u.sym->name > '9'))))
+		error("empty declaration\n");
+	test(';', stop);
+}
+static Symbol dclglobal(int sclass, char *id, Type ty, Coordinate *pos) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	if (sclass == 0)
+		sclass = AUTO;
+	else if (sclass != EXTERN && sclass != STATIC) {
+		error("invalid storage class `%k' for `%t %s'\n",
+			sclass, ty, id);
+		sclass = AUTO;
+	}
+	p = lookup(id, identifiers);
+	if (p && p->scope == GLOBAL) {
+		if (p->sclass != TYPEDEF && eqtype(ty, p->type, 1))
+			ty = compose(ty, p->type);
+		else
+			error("redeclaration of `%s' previously declared at %w\n", p->name, &p->src);
+
+		if (!isfunc(ty) && p->defined && t == '=')
+			error("redefinition of `%s' previously defined at %w\n", p->name, &p->src);
+
+		if ((p->sclass == EXTERN && sclass == STATIC)
+		||  (p->sclass == STATIC && sclass == AUTO)
+		||  (p->sclass == AUTO   && sclass == STATIC))
+			warning("inconsistent linkage for `%s' previously declared at %w\n", p->name, &p->src);
+
+	}
+	if (p == NULL || p->scope != GLOBAL) {
+		Symbol q = lookup(id, externals);
+		if (q) {
+			if (sclass == STATIC || !eqtype(ty, q->type, 1))
+				warning("declaration of `%s' does not match previous declaration at %w\n", id, &q->src);
+
+			p = relocate(id, externals, globals);
+			p->sclass = sclass;
+		} else {
+			p = install(id, &globals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+			p->sclass = sclass;
+			(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+		}
+		if (p->sclass != STATIC) {
+			static int nglobals;
+			nglobals++;
+			if (Aflag >= 2 && nglobals == 512)
+				warning("more than 511 external identifiers\n");
+		}
+	} else if (p->sclass == EXTERN)
+		p->sclass = sclass;
+	p->type = ty;
+	p->src = *pos;
+	if (t == '=' && isfunc(p->type)) {
+		error("illegal initialization for `%s'\n", p->name);
+		t = gettok();
+		initializer(p->type, 0);
+	} else if (t == '=') {
+		initglobal(p, 0);
+		if (glevel > 0 && IR->stabsym) {
+			(*IR->stabsym)(p); swtoseg(p->u.seg); }
+	} else if (p->sclass == STATIC && !isfunc(p->type)
+	&& p->type->size == 0)
+		error("undefined size for `%t %s'\n", p->type, p->name);
+	return p;
+}
+static void initglobal(Symbol p, int flag) {
+	Type ty;
+
+	if (t == '=' || flag) {
+		if (p->sclass == STATIC) {
+			for (ty = p->type; isarray(ty); ty = ty->type)
+				;
+			defglobal(p, isconst(ty) ? LIT : DATA);
+		} else
+			defglobal(p, DATA);
+		if (t == '=')
+			t = gettok();
+		ty = initializer(p->type, 0);
+		if (isarray(p->type) && p->type->size == 0)
+			p->type = ty;
+		if (p->sclass == EXTERN)
+			p->sclass = AUTO;
+	}
+}
+void defglobal(Symbol p, int seg) {
+	p->u.seg = seg;
+	swtoseg(p->u.seg);
+	if (p->sclass != STATIC)
+		(*IR->export)(p);
+	(*IR->global)(p);
+	p->defined = 1;
+}
+
+static Type dclr(Type basety, char **id, Symbol **params, int abstract) {
+	Type ty = dclr1(id, params, abstract);
+
+	for ( ; ty; ty = ty->type)
+		switch (ty->op) {
+		case POINTER:
+			basety = ptr(basety);
+			break;
+		case FUNCTION:
+			basety = func(basety, ty->u.f.proto,
+				ty->u.f.oldstyle);
+			break;
+		case ARRAY:
+			basety = array(basety, ty->size, 0);
+			break;
+		case CONST: case VOLATILE:
+			basety = qual(ty->op, basety);
+			break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && basety->size > 32767)
+		warning("more than 32767 bytes in `%t'\n", basety);
+	return basety;
+}
+static Type tnode(int op, Type type) {
+	Type ty;
+
+	NEW0(ty, STMT);
+	ty->op = op;
+	ty->type = type;
+	return ty;
+}
+static Type dclr1(char **id, Symbol **params, int abstract) {
+	Type ty = NULL;
+
+	switch (t) {
+	case ID:                if (id)
+					*id = token;
+				else
+					error("extraneous identifier `%s'\n", token);
+				t = gettok(); break;
+	case '*': t = gettok(); if (t == CONST || t == VOLATILE) {
+					Type ty1;
+					ty1 = ty = tnode(t, NULL);
+					while ((t = gettok()) == CONST || t == VOLATILE)
+						ty1 = tnode(t, ty1);
+					ty->type = dclr1(id, params, abstract);
+					ty = ty1;
+				} else
+					ty = dclr1(id, params, abstract);
+				ty = tnode(POINTER, ty); break;
+	case '(': t = gettok(); if (abstract
+				&& (t == REGISTER || istypename(t, tsym) || t == ')')) {
+					Symbol *args;
+					ty = tnode(FUNCTION, ty);
+					enterscope();
+					if (level > PARAM)
+						enterscope();
+					args = parameters(ty);
+					exitparams(args);
+				} else {
+					ty = dclr1(id, params, abstract);
+					expect(')');
+					if (abstract && ty == NULL
+					&& (id == NULL || *id == NULL))
+						return tnode(FUNCTION, NULL);
+				} break;
+	case '[': break;
+	default:  return ty;
+	}
+	while (t == '(' || t == '[')
+		switch (t) {
+		case '(': t = gettok(); { Symbol *args;
+					  ty = tnode(FUNCTION, ty);
+					  enterscope();
+					  if (level > PARAM)
+					  	enterscope();
+					  args = parameters(ty);
+					  if (params && *params == NULL)
+					  	*params = args;
+					  else
+					  	exitparams(args);
+ }
+		          break;
+		case '[': t = gettok(); { int n = 0;
+					  if (kind[t] == ID) {
+					  	n = intexpr(']', 1);
+					  	if (n <= 0) {
+					  		error("`%d' is an illegal array size\n", n);
+					  		n = 1;
+					  	}
+					  } else
+					  	expect(']');
+					  ty = tnode(ARRAY, ty);
+					  ty->size = n; } break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	return ty;
+}
+static Symbol *parameters(Type fty) {
+	List list = NULL;
+	Symbol *params;
+
+	if (kind[t] == STATIC || istypename(t, tsym)) {
+		int n = 0;
+		Type ty1 = NULL;
+		for (;;) {
+			Type ty;
+			int sclass = 0;
+			char *id = NULL;
+			if (ty1 && t == ELLIPSIS) {
+				static struct symbol sentinel;
+				if (sentinel.type == NULL) {
+					sentinel.type = voidtype;
+					sentinel.defined = 1;
+				}
+				if (ty1 == voidtype)
+					error("illegal formal parameter types\n");
+				list = append(&sentinel, list);
+				t = gettok();
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!istypename(t, tsym) && t != REGISTER)
+				error("missing parameter type\n");
+			n++;
+			ty = dclr(specifier(&sclass), &id, NULL, 1);
+			if ( (ty == voidtype && (ty1 || id))
+			||  ty1 == voidtype)
+				error("illegal formal parameter types\n");
+			if (id == NULL)
+				id = stringd(n);
+			if (ty != voidtype)
+				list = append(dclparam(sclass, id, ty, &src), list);
+			if (Aflag >= 1 && !hasproto(ty))
+				warning("missing prototype\n");
+			if (ty1 == NULL)
+				ty1 = ty;
+			if (t != ',')
+				break;
+			t = gettok();
+		}
+		fty->u.f.proto = newarray(length(list) + 1,
+			sizeof (Type *), PERM);
+		params = ltov(&list, FUNC);
+		for (n = 0; params[n]; n++)
+			fty->u.f.proto[n] = params[n]->type;
+		fty->u.f.proto[n] = NULL;
+		fty->u.f.oldstyle = 0;
+	} else {
+		if (t == ID)
+			for (;;) {
+				Symbol p;
+				if (t != ID) {
+					error("expecting an identifier\n");
+					break;
+				}
+				p = dclparam(0, token, inttype, &src);
+				p->defined = 0;
+				list = append(p, list);
+				t = gettok();
+				if (t != ',')
+					break;
+				t = gettok();
+			}
+		params = ltov(&list, FUNC);
+		fty->u.f.proto = NULL;
+		fty->u.f.oldstyle = 1;
+	}
+	if (t != ')') {
+		static char stop[] = { CHAR, STATIC, IF, ')', 0 };
+		expect(')');
+		skipto('{', stop);
+	}
+	if (t == ')')
+		t = gettok();
+	return params;
+}
+static void exitparams(Symbol params[]) {
+	assert(params);
+	if (params[0] && !params[0]->defined)
+		error("extraneous old-style parameter list\n");
+	if (level > PARAM)
+		exitscope();
+	exitscope();
+}
+
+static Symbol dclparam(int sclass, char *id, Type ty, Coordinate *pos) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	if (isfunc(ty))
+		ty = ptr(ty);
+	else if (isarray(ty))
+		ty = atop(ty);
+	if (sclass == 0)
+		sclass = AUTO;
+	else if (sclass != REGISTER) {
+		error("invalid storage class `%k' for `%t%s\n",
+			sclass, ty, stringf(id ? " %s'" : "' parameter", id));
+		sclass = AUTO;
+	} else if (isvolatile(ty) || isstruct(ty)) {
+		warning("register declaration ignored for `%t%s\n",
+			ty, stringf(id ? " %s'" : "' parameter", id));
+		sclass = AUTO;
+	}
+
+	p = lookup(id, identifiers);
+	if (p && p->scope == level)
+		error("duplicate declaration for `%s' previously declared at %w\n", id, &p->src);
+
+	else
+		p = install(id, &identifiers, level, FUNC);
+	p->sclass = sclass;
+	p->src = *pos;
+	p->type = ty;
+	p->defined = 1;
+	if (t == '=') {
+		error("illegal initialization for parameter `%s'\n", id);
+		t = gettok();
+		(void)expr1(0);
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+static Type structdcl(int op) {
+	char *tag;
+	Type ty;
+	Symbol p;
+	Coordinate pos;
+
+	t = gettok();
+	pos = src;
+	if (t == ID) {
+		tag = token;
+		t = gettok();
+	} else
+		tag = "";
+	if (t == '{') {
+		static char stop[] = { IF, ',', 0 };
+		ty = newstruct(op, tag);
+		ty->u.sym->src = pos;
+		ty->u.sym->defined = 1;
+		t = gettok();
+		if (istypename(t, tsym))
+			fields(ty);
+		else
+			error("invalid %k field declarations\n", op);
+		test('}', stop);
+	}
+	else if (*tag && (p = lookup(tag, types)) != NULL
+	&& p->type->op == op) {
+		ty = p->type;
+		if (t == ';' && p->scope < level)
+			ty = newstruct(op, tag);
+	}
+	else {
+		if (*tag == 0)
+			error("missing %k tag\n", op);
+		ty = newstruct(op, tag);
+	}
+	if (*tag && xref)
+		use(ty->u.sym, pos);
+	return ty;
+}
+static void fields(Type ty) {
+	{ int n = 0;
+	  while (istypename(t, tsym)) {
+	  	static char stop[] = { IF, CHAR, '}', 0 };
+	  	Type ty1 = specifier(NULL);
+	  	for (;;) {
+	  		Field p;
+	  		char *id = NULL;
+	  		Type fty = dclr(ty1, &id, NULL, 0);
+			p = newfield(id, ty, fty);
+			if (Aflag >= 1 && !hasproto(p->type))
+				warning("missing prototype\n");
+			if (t == ':') {
+				if (unqual(p->type) != inttype
+				&&  unqual(p->type) != unsignedtype) {
+					error("`%t' is an illegal bit-field type\n",
+						p->type);
+					p->type = inttype;
+				}
+				t = gettok();
+				p->bitsize = intexpr(0, 0);
+				if (p->bitsize > 8*inttype->size || p->bitsize < 0) {
+					error("`%d' is an illegal bit-field size\n",
+						p->bitsize);
+					p->bitsize = 8*inttype->size;
+				} else if (p->bitsize == 0 && id) {
+					warning("extraneous 0-width bit field `%t %s' ignored\n", p->type, id);
+
+					p->name = stringd(genlabel(1));
+				}
+				p->lsb = 1;
+			}
+			else {
+				if (id == NULL)
+					error("field name missing\n");
+				else if (isfunc(p->type))
+					error("`%t' is an illegal field type\n", p->type);
+				else if (p->type->size == 0)
+					error("undefined size for field `%t %s'\n",
+						p->type, id);
+			}
+			if (isconst(p->type))
+				ty->u.sym->u.s.cfields = 1;
+			if (isvolatile(p->type))
+				ty->u.sym->u.s.vfields = 1;
+	  		n++;
+	  		if (Aflag >= 2 && n == 128)
+	  			warning("more than 127 fields in `%t'\n", ty);
+	  		if (t != ',')
+	  			break;
+	  		t = gettok();
+	  	}
+	  	test(';', stop);
+	  } }
+	{ int bits = 0, off = 0, overflow = 0;
+	  Field p, *q = &ty->u.sym->u.s.flist;
+	  ty->align = IR->structmetric.align;
+	  for (p = *q; p; p = p->link) {
+	  	int a = p->type->align ? p->type->align : 1;
+		if (p->lsb)
+			a = unsignedtype->align;
+		if (ty->op == UNION)
+			off = bits = 0;
+		else if (p->bitsize == 0 || bits == 0
+		|| bits - 1 + p->bitsize > 8*unsignedtype->size) {
+			off = add(off, bits2bytes(bits-1));
+			bits = 0;
+			chkoverflow(off, a - 1);
+			off = roundup(off, a);
+		}
+		if (a > ty->align)
+			ty->align = a;
+		p->offset = off;
+
+		if (p->lsb) {
+			if (bits == 0)
+				bits = 1;
+			if (IR->little_endian)
+				p->lsb = bits;
+			else
+				p->lsb = 8*unsignedtype->size - bits + 1
+					- p->bitsize + 1;
+			bits += p->bitsize;
+		} else
+			off = add(off, p->type->size);
+		if (off + bits2bytes(bits-1) > ty->size)
+			ty->size = off + bits2bytes(bits-1);
+	  	if (p->name == NULL
+	  	|| !('1' <= *p->name && *p->name <= '9')) {
+	  		*q = p;
+	  		q = &p->link;
+	  	}
+	  }
+	  *q = NULL;
+	  chkoverflow(ty->size, ty->align - 1);
+	  ty->size = roundup(ty->size, ty->align);
+	  if (overflow) {
+	  	error("size of `%t' exceeds %d bytes\n", ty, inttype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i);
+	  	ty->size = inttype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i&(~(ty->align - 1));
+	  } }
+}
+static void funcdefn(int sclass, char *id, Type ty, Symbol params[], Coordinate pt) {
+	int i, n;
+	Symbol *callee, *caller, p;
+	Type rty = freturn(ty);
+
+	if (isstruct(rty) && rty->size == 0)
+		error("illegal use of incomplete type `%t'\n", rty);
+	for (n = 0; params[n]; n++)
+		;
+	if (n > 0 && params[n-1]->name == NULL)
+		params[--n] = NULL;
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && n > 31)
+		warning("more than 31 parameters in function `%s'\n", id);
+	if (ty->u.f.oldstyle) {
+		if (Aflag >= 1)
+			warning("old-style function definition for `%s'\n", id);
+		caller = params;
+		callee = newarray(n + 1, sizeof *callee, FUNC);
+		memcpy(callee, caller, (n+1)*sizeof *callee);
+		enterscope();
+		assert(level == PARAM);
+		while (kind[t] == STATIC || istypename(t, tsym))
+			decl(dclparam);
+		foreach(identifiers, PARAM, oldparam, callee);
+
+		for (i = 0; (p = callee[i]) != NULL; i++) {
+			if (!p->defined)
+				callee[i] = dclparam(0, p->name, inttype, &p->src);
+			*caller[i] = *p;
+			caller[i]->sclass = AUTO;
+			caller[i]->type = promote(p->type);
+		}
+		p = lookup(id, identifiers);
+		if (p && p->scope == GLOBAL && isfunc(p->type)
+		&& p->type->u.f.proto) {
+			Type *proto = p->type->u.f.proto;
+			for (i = 0; caller[i] && proto[i]; i++) {
+				Type ty = unqual(proto[i]);
+				if (eqtype(isenum(ty) ? ty->type : ty,
+					unqual(caller[i]->type), 1) == 0)
+					break;
+				else if (isenum(ty) && !isenum(unqual(caller[i]->type)))
+					warning("compatibility of `%t' and `%t' is compiler dependent\n",
+						proto[i], caller[i]->type);
+			}
+			if (proto[i] || caller[i])
+				error("conflicting argument declarations for function `%s'\n", id);
+
+		}
+		else {
+			Type *proto = newarray(n + 1, sizeof *proto, PERM);
+			if (Aflag >= 1)
+				warning("missing prototype for `%s'\n", id);
+			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+				proto[i] = caller[i]->type;
+			proto[i] = NULL;
+			ty = func(rty, proto, 1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		callee = params;
+		caller = newarray(n + 1, sizeof *caller, FUNC);
+		for (i = 0; (p = callee[i]) != NULL && p->name; i++) {
+			NEW(caller[i], FUNC);
+			*caller[i] = *p;
+			if (isint(p->type))
+				caller[i]->type = promote(p->type);
+			caller[i]->sclass = AUTO;
+			if ('1' <= *p->name && *p->name <= '9')
+				error("missing name for parameter %d to function `%s'\n", i + 1, id);
+
+		}
+		caller[i] = NULL;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; (p = callee[i]) != NULL; i++)
+		if (p->type->size == 0) {
+			error("undefined size for parameter `%t %s'\n",
+				p->type, p->name);
+			caller[i]->type = p->type = inttype;
+		}
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && sclass != STATIC && strcmp(id, "main") == 0) {
+		if (ty->u.f.oldstyle)
+			warning("`%t %s()' is a non-ANSI definition\n", rty, id);
+		else if (!(rty == inttype
+			&& ((n == 0 && callee[0] == NULL)
+			||  (n == 2 && callee[0]->type == inttype
+			&& isptr(callee[1]->type) && callee[1]->type->type == charptype
+			&& !variadic(ty)))))
+			warning("`%s' is a non-ANSI definition\n", typestring(ty, id));
+	}
+	p = lookup(id, identifiers);
+	if (p && isfunc(p->type) && p->defined)
+		error("redefinition of `%s' previously defined at %w\n",
+			p->name, &p->src);
+	cfunc = dclglobal(sclass, id, ty, &pt);
+	cfunc->u.f.label = genlabel(1);
+	cfunc->u.f.callee = callee;
+	cfunc->u.f.pt = src;
+	cfunc->defined = 1;
+	if (xref)
+		use(cfunc, cfunc->src);
+	if (Pflag)
+		printproto(cfunc, cfunc->u.f.callee);
+	if (ncalled >= 0)
+		ncalled = findfunc(cfunc->name, pt.file);
+	labels   = table(NULL, LABELS);
+	stmtlabs = table(NULL, LABELS);
+	refinc = 1.0;
+	regcount = 0;
+	codelist = &codehead;
+	codelist->next = NULL;
+	if (!IR->wants_callb && isstruct(rty))
+		retv = genident(AUTO, ptr(rty), PARAM);
+	compound(0, NULL, 0);
+
+	{
+		Code cp;
+		for (cp = codelist; cp->kind < Label; cp = cp->prev)
+			;
+		if (cp->kind != Jump) {
+			if (rty != voidtype) {
+				warning("missing return value\n");
+				retcode(cnsttree(inttype, 0L));
+			} else
+				retcode(NULL);
+		}
+	}
+	definelab(cfunc->u.f.label);
+	if (events.exit)
+		apply(events.exit, cfunc, NULL);
+	walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	exitscope();
+	assert(level == PARAM);
+	foreach(identifiers, level, checkref, NULL);
+	if (!IR->wants_callb && isstruct(rty)) {
+		Symbol *a;
+		a = newarray(n + 2, sizeof *a, FUNC);
+		a[0] = retv;
+		memcpy(&a[1], callee, (n+1)*sizeof *callee);
+		callee = a;
+		a = newarray(n + 2, sizeof *a, FUNC);
+		NEW(a[0], FUNC);
+		*a[0] = *retv;
+		memcpy(&a[1], caller, (n+1)*sizeof *callee);
+		caller = a;
+	}
+	if (!IR->wants_argb)
+		for (i = 0; caller[i]; i++)
+			if (isstruct(caller[i]->type)) {
+				caller[i]->type = ptr(caller[i]->type);
+				callee[i]->type = ptr(callee[i]->type);
+				caller[i]->structarg = callee[i]->structarg = 1;
+			}
+	if (glevel > 1)	for (i = 0; callee[i]; i++) callee[i]->sclass = AUTO;
+	if (cfunc->sclass != STATIC)
+		(*IR->export)(cfunc);
+	if (glevel && IR->stabsym) {
+		swtoseg(CODE); (*IR->stabsym)(cfunc); }
+	swtoseg(CODE);
+	(*IR->function)(cfunc, caller, callee, cfunc->u.f.ncalls);
+	if (glevel && IR->stabfend)
+		(*IR->stabfend)(cfunc, lineno);
+	foreach(stmtlabs, LABELS, checklab, NULL);
+	exitscope();
+	expect('}');
+	labels = stmtlabs = NULL;
+	retv  = NULL;
+	cfunc = NULL;
+}
+static void oldparam(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	int i;
+	Symbol *callee = cl;
+
+	for (i = 0; callee[i]; i++)
+		if (p->name == callee[i]->name) {
+			callee[i] = p;
+			return;
+		}
+	error("declared parameter `%s' is missing\n", p->name);
+}
+void compound(int loop, struct swtch *swp, int lev) {
+	Code cp;
+	int nregs;
+
+	walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	cp = code(Blockbeg);
+	enterscope();
+	assert(level >= LOCAL);
+	if (level == LOCAL && events.entry)
+		apply(events.entry, cfunc, NULL);
+	definept(NULL);
+	expect('{');
+	autos = registers = NULL;
+	if (level == LOCAL && IR->wants_callb
+	&& isstruct(freturn(cfunc->type))) {
+		retv = genident(AUTO, ptr(freturn(cfunc->type)), level);
+		retv->defined = 1;
+		retv->ref = 1;
+		registers = append(retv, registers);
+	}
+	while (kind[t] == CHAR || kind[t] == STATIC
+	|| (istypename(t, tsym) && getchr() != ':'))
+		decl(dcllocal);
+	{
+		int i;
+		Symbol *a = ltov(&autos, STMT);
+		nregs = length(registers);
+		for (i = 0; a[i]; i++)
+			registers = append(a[i], registers);
+		cp->u.block.locals = ltov(&registers, FUNC);
+	}
+	if (events.blockentry)
+		apply(events.blockentry, cp->u.block.locals, NULL);
+	while (kind[t] == IF || kind[t] == ID)
+		statement(loop, swp, lev);
+	walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	foreach(identifiers, level, checkref, NULL);
+	{
+		int i = nregs, j;
+		Symbol p;
+		for ( ; (p = cp->u.block.locals[i]) != NULL; i++) {
+			for (j = i; j > nregs
+				&& cp->u.block.locals[j-1]->ref < p->ref; j--)
+				cp->u.block.locals[j] = cp->u.block.locals[j-1];
+			cp->u.block.locals[j] = p;
+		}
+	}
+	if (events.blockexit)
+		apply(events.blockexit, cp->u.block.locals, NULL);
+	cp->u.block.level = level;
+	cp->u.block.identifiers = identifiers;
+	cp->u.block.types = types;
+	code(Blockend)->u.begin = cp;
+	if (reachable(Gen))
+		definept(NULL);
+	if (level > LOCAL) {
+		exitscope();
+		expect('}');
+	}
+}
+static void checkref(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	if (p->scope >= PARAM
+	&& (isvolatile(p->type) || isfunc(p->type)))
+		p->addressed = 1;
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && p->defined && p->ref == 0) {
+		if (p->sclass == STATIC)
+			warning("static `%t %s' is not referenced\n",
+				p->type, p->name);
+		else if (p->scope == PARAM)
+			warning("parameter `%t %s' is not referenced\n",
+				p->type, p->name);
+		else if (p->scope >= LOCAL && p->sclass != EXTERN)
+			warning("local `%t %s' is not referenced\n",
+				p->type, p->name);
+	}
+	if (p->sclass == AUTO
+	&& ((p->scope  == PARAM && regcount == 0)
+	 || p->scope  >= LOCAL)
+	&& !p->addressed && isscalar(p->type) && p->ref >= 3.0)
+		p->sclass = REGISTER;
+	if (level == GLOBAL && p->sclass == STATIC && !p->defined
+	&& isfunc(p->type) && p->ref)
+		error("undefined static `%t %s'\n", p->type, p->name);
+	assert(!(level == GLOBAL && p->sclass == STATIC && !p->defined && !isfunc(p->type)));
+}
+static Symbol dcllocal(int sclass, char *id, Type ty, Coordinate *pos) {
+	Symbol p, q;
+
+	if (sclass == 0)
+		sclass = isfunc(ty) ? EXTERN : AUTO;
+	else if (isfunc(ty) && sclass != EXTERN) {
+		error("invalid storage class `%k' for `%t %s'\n",
+			sclass, ty, id);
+		sclass = EXTERN;
+	} else if (sclass == REGISTER
+	&& (isvolatile(ty) || isstruct(ty) || isarray(ty))) {
+		warning("register declaration ignored for `%t %s'\n",
+			ty, id);
+		sclass = AUTO;
+	}
+	q = lookup(id, identifiers);
+	if ((q && q->scope >= level)
+	||  (q && q->scope == PARAM && level == LOCAL)) {
+		if (sclass == EXTERN && q->sclass == EXTERN
+		&& eqtype(q->type, ty, 1))
+			ty = compose(ty, q->type);
+		else
+			error("redeclaration of `%s' previously declared at %w\n", q->name, &q->src);
+	}
+
+	assert(level >= LOCAL);
+	p = install(id, &identifiers, level, sclass == STATIC || sclass == EXTERN ? PERM : FUNC);
+	p->type = ty;
+	p->sclass = sclass;
+	p->src = *pos;
+	switch (sclass) {
+	case EXTERN:   q = lookup(id, globals);
+		       if (q == NULL || q->sclass == TYPEDEF || q->sclass == ENUM) {
+		       	q = lookup(id, externals);
+		       	if (q == NULL) {
+		       		q = install(p->name, &externals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+		       		q->type = p->type;
+		       		q->sclass = EXTERN;
+		       		q->src = src;
+		       		(*IR->defsymbol)(q);
+		       	}
+		       }
+		       if (!eqtype(p->type, q->type, 1))
+		       	warning("declaration of `%s' does not match previous declaration at %w\n", q->name, &q->src);
+
+		       p->u.alias = q; break;
+	case STATIC:   (*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+		       initglobal(p, 0);
+		       if (!p->defined) {
+		       	if (p->type->size > 0) {
+		       		defglobal(p, BSS);
+		       		(*IR->space)(p->type->size);
+		       	} else
+		       		error("undefined size for `%t %s'\n",
+		       			p->type, p->name);
+		       }
+		       p->defined = 1; break;
+	case REGISTER: registers = append(p, registers);
+		       regcount++;
+		       p->defined = 1;
+ break;
+	case AUTO:     autos = append(p, autos);
+		       p->defined = 1; break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	if (t == '=') {
+		Tree e;
+		if (sclass == EXTERN)
+			error("illegal initialization of `extern %s'\n", id);
+		t = gettok();
+		definept(NULL);
+		if (isscalar(p->type)
+		||  (isstruct(p->type) && t != '{')) {
+			if (t == '{') {
+				t = gettok();
+				e = expr1(0);
+				expect('}');
+			} else
+				e = expr1(0);
+		} else {
+			Symbol t1;
+			Type ty = p->type, ty1 = ty;
+			while (isarray(ty1))
+				ty1 = ty1->type;
+			if (!isconst(ty) && (!isarray(ty) || !isconst(ty1)))
+				ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+			t1 = genident(STATIC, ty, GLOBAL);
+			initglobal(t1, 1);
+			if (isarray(p->type) && p->type->size == 0
+			&& t1->type->size > 0)
+				p->type = array(p->type->type,
+					t1->type->size/t1->type->type->size, 0);
+			e = idtree(t1);
+		}
+		walk(root(asgn(p, e)), 0, 0);
+		p->ref = 1;
+	}
+	if (!isfunc(p->type) && p->defined && p->type->size <= 0)
+		error("undefined size for `%t %s'\n", p->type, id);
+	return p;
+}
+void finalize(void) {
+	foreach(externals,   GLOBAL,    doextern, NULL);
+	foreach(identifiers, GLOBAL,    doglobal, NULL);
+	foreach(identifiers, GLOBAL,    checkref, NULL);
+	foreach(constants,   CONSTANTS, doconst,  NULL);
+}
+static void doextern(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	(*IR->import)(p);
+}
+static void doglobal(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	if (!p->defined && (p->sclass == EXTERN
+	|| (isfunc(p->type) && p->sclass == AUTO)))
+		(*IR->import)(p);
+	else if (!p->defined && !isfunc(p->type)
+	&& (p->sclass == AUTO || p->sclass == STATIC)) {
+		if (isarray(p->type)
+		&& p->type->size == 0 && p->type->type->size > 0)
+			p->type = array(p->type->type, 1, 0);
+		if (p->type->size > 0) {
+			defglobal(p, BSS);
+			(*IR->space)(p->type->size);
+			if (glevel > 0 && IR->stabsym)
+				(*IR->stabsym)(p);
+		} else
+			error("undefined size for `%t %s'\n",
+				p->type, p->name);
+		p->defined = 1;
+	}
+	if (Pflag
+	&& !isfunc(p->type)
+	&& !p->generated && p->sclass != EXTERN)
+		printdecl(p, p->type);
+}
+void doconst(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	if (p->u.c.loc) {
+		assert(p->u.c.loc->u.seg == 0); 
+		defglobal(p->u.c.loc, LIT);
+		if (isarray(p->type) && p->type->type == widechar) {
+			unsigned int *s = p->u.c.v.p;
+			int n = p->type->size/widechar->size;
+			while (n-- > 0) {
+				Value v;
+				v.u = *s++;
+				(*IR->defconst)(widechar->op, widechar->size, v);
+			}
+		} else if (isarray(p->type))
+			(*IR->defstring)(p->type->size, p->u.c.v.p);
+		else
+			(*IR->defconst)(p->type->op, p->type->size, p->u.c.v);
+		p->u.c.loc = NULL;
+	}
+}
+void checklab(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	if (!p->defined)
+		error("undefined label `%s'\n", p->name);
+	p->defined = 1;
+}
+
+Type enumdcl(void) {
+	char *tag;
+	Type ty;
+	Symbol p = {0};
+	Coordinate pos;
+
+	t = gettok();
+	pos = src;
+	if (t == ID) {
+		tag = token;
+		t = gettok();
+	} else
+		tag = "";
+	if (t == '{') {
+		static char follow[] = { IF, 0 };
+		int n = 0;
+		long k = -1;
+		List idlist = 0;
+		ty = newstruct(ENUM, tag);
+		t = gettok();
+		if (t != ID)
+			error("expecting an enumerator identifier\n");
+		while (t == ID) {
+			char *id = token;
+			Coordinate s;
+			if (tsym && tsym->scope == level)
+				error("redeclaration of `%s' previously declared at %w\n",
+					token, &tsym->src);
+			s = src;
+			t = gettok();
+			if (t == '=') {
+				t = gettok();
+				k = intexpr(0, 0);
+			} else {
+				if (k == inttype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+					error("overflow in value for enumeration constant `%s'\n", id);
+				k++;
+			}
+			p = install(id, &identifiers, level,  level < LOCAL ? PERM : FUNC);
+			p->src = s;
+			p->type = ty;
+			p->sclass = ENUM;
+			p->u.value = k;
+			idlist = append(p, idlist);
+			n++;
+			if (Aflag >= 2 && n == 128)
+				warning("more than 127 enumeration constants in `%t'\n", ty);
+			if (t != ',')
+				break;
+			t = gettok();
+			if (Aflag >= 2 && t == '}')
+				warning("non-ANSI trailing comma in enumerator list\n");
+		}
+		test('}', follow);
+		ty->type = inttype;
+		ty->size = ty->type->size;
+		ty->align = ty->type->align;
+		ty->u.sym->u.idlist = ltov(&idlist, PERM);
+		ty->u.sym->defined = 1;
+	} else if ((p = lookup(tag, types)) != NULL && p->type->op == ENUM) {
+		ty = p->type;
+		if (t == ';')
+			error("empty declaration\n");
+	} else {
+		error("unknown enumeration `%s'\n",  tag);
+		ty = newstruct(ENUM, tag);
+		ty->type = inttype;
+	}
+	if (*tag && xref)
+		use(p, pos);
+	return ty;
+}
+
+Type typename(void) {
+	Type ty = specifier(NULL);
+
+	if (t == '*' || t == '(' || t == '[') {
+		ty = dclr(ty, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		if (Aflag >= 1 && !hasproto(ty))
+			warning("missing prototype\n");
+	}
+	return ty;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/enode.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/enode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..760096d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/enode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static Tree addtree(int, Tree, Tree);
+static Tree andtree(int, Tree, Tree);
+static Tree cmptree(int, Tree, Tree);
+static int compatible(Type, Type);
+static int isnullptr(Tree e);
+static Tree multree(int, Tree, Tree);
+static Tree subtree(int, Tree, Tree);
+#define isvoidptr(ty) \
+	(isptr(ty) && unqual(ty->type) == voidtype)
+
+Tree (*optree[])(int, Tree, Tree) = {
+#define xx(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) e,
+#define yy(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) e,
+#include "token.h"
+};
+Tree call(Tree f, Type fty, Coordinate src) {
+	int n = 0;
+	Tree args = NULL, r = NULL, e;
+	Type *proto, rty = unqual(freturn(fty));
+	Symbol t3 = NULL;
+
+	if (fty->u.f.oldstyle)
+		proto = NULL;
+	else
+		proto = fty->u.f.proto;
+	if (hascall(f))
+		r = f;
+	if (isstruct(rty))
+		{
+			t3 = temporary(AUTO, unqual(rty));
+			if (rty->size == 0)
+				error("illegal use of incomplete type `%t'\n", rty);
+		}
+	if (t != ')')
+		for (;;) {
+			Tree q = pointer(expr1(0));
+			if (proto && *proto && *proto != voidtype)
+				{
+					Type aty;
+					q = value(q);
+					aty = assign(*proto, q);
+					if (aty)
+						q = cast(q, aty);
+					else
+						error("type error in argument %d to %s; found `%t' expected `%t'\n", n + 1, funcname(f),
+
+							q->type, *proto);
+					if ((isint(q->type) || isenum(q->type))
+					&& q->type->size != inttype->size)
+						q = cast(q, promote(q->type));
+					++proto;
+				}
+			else
+				{
+					if (!fty->u.f.oldstyle && *proto == NULL)
+						error("too many arguments to %s\n", funcname(f));
+					q = value(q);
+					if (isarray(q->type) || q->type->size == 0)
+						error("type error in argument %d to %s; `%t' is illegal\n", n + 1, funcname(f), q->type);
+
+					else
+						q = cast(q, promote(q->type));
+				}
+			if (!IR->wants_argb && isstruct(q->type)) {
+				if (iscallb(q))
+					q = addrof(q);
+				else {
+					Symbol t1 = temporary(AUTO, unqual(q->type));
+					q = asgn(t1, q);
+					q = tree(RIGHT, ptr(t1->type),
+						root(q), lvalue(idtree(t1)));
+				}
+			}
+			if (q->type->size == 0)
+				q->type = inttype;
+			if (hascall(q))
+				r = r ? tree(RIGHT, voidtype, r, q) : q;
+			args = tree(mkop(ARG, q->type), q->type, q, args);
+			n++;
+			if (Aflag >= 2 && n == 32)
+				warning("more than 31 arguments in a call to %s\n",
+					funcname(f));
+			if (t != ',')
+				break;
+			t = gettok();
+		}
+	expect(')');
+	if (proto && *proto && *proto != voidtype)
+		error("insufficient number of arguments to %s\n",
+			funcname(f));
+	if (r)
+		args = tree(RIGHT, voidtype, r, args);
+	e = calltree(f, rty, args, t3);
+	if (events.calls)
+		apply(events.calls, &src, &e);
+	return e;
+}
+Tree calltree(Tree f, Type ty, Tree args, Symbol t3) {
+	Tree p;
+
+	if (args)
+		f = tree(RIGHT, f->type, args, f);
+	if (isstruct(ty))
+		assert(t3),
+		p = tree(RIGHT, ty,
+			tree(CALL+B, ty, f, addrof(idtree(t3))),
+			idtree(t3));
+	else {
+		Type rty = ty;
+		if (isenum(ty))
+			rty = unqual(ty)->type;
+		if (!isfloat(rty))
+			rty = promote(rty);
+		p = tree(mkop(CALL, rty), rty, f, NULL);
+		if (isptr(ty) || p->type->size > ty->size)
+			p = cast(p, ty);
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+Tree vcall(Symbol func, Type ty, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+	Tree args = NULL, e, f = pointer(idtree(func)), r = NULL;
+
+	assert(isfunc(func->type));
+	if (ty == NULL)
+		ty = freturn(func->type);
+	va_start(ap, ty);
+	while ((e = va_arg(ap, Tree)) != NULL) {
+		if (hascall(e))
+			r = r == NULL ? e : tree(RIGHT, voidtype, r, e);
+		args = tree(mkop(ARG, e->type), e->type, e, args);
+	}
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (r != NULL)
+		args = tree(RIGHT, voidtype, r, args);
+	return calltree(f, ty, args, NULL);
+}
+int iscallb(Tree e) {
+	return e->op == RIGHT && e->kids[0] && e->kids[1]
+		&& e->kids[0]->op == CALL+B
+		&& e->kids[1]->op == INDIR+B
+		&& isaddrop(e->kids[1]->kids[0]->op)
+		&& e->kids[1]->kids[0]->u.sym->temporary;
+}
+
+static Tree addtree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type ty = inttype;
+
+	if (isarith(l->type) && isarith(r->type)) {
+		ty = binary(l->type, r->type);
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);		
+	} else if (isptr(l->type) && isint(r->type))
+		return addtree(ADD, r, l);
+	else if (  isptr(r->type) && isint(l->type)
+	&& !isfunc(r->type->type))
+		{
+			long n;
+			ty = unqual(r->type);
+			n = unqual(ty->type)->size;
+			if (n == 0)
+				error("unknown size for type `%t'\n", ty->type);
+			l = cast(l, promote(l->type));
+			if (n > 1)
+				l = multree(MUL, cnsttree(signedptr, n), l);
+			if (YYcheck && !isaddrop(r->op))		/* omit */
+				return nullcall(ty, YYcheck, r, l);	/* omit */
+			return simplify(ADD, ty, l, r);
+		}
+
+	else
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	return simplify(op, ty, l, r);
+}
+
+Tree cnsttree(Type ty, ...) {
+	Tree p = tree(mkop(CNST,ty), ty, NULL, NULL);
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, ty);
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case INT:     p->u.v.i = va_arg(ap, long); break;
+	case UNSIGNED:p->u.v.u = va_arg(ap, unsigned long)&ones(8*ty->size); break;
+	case FLOAT:   p->u.v.d = va_arg(ap, double); break;
+	case POINTER: p->u.v.p = va_arg(ap, void *); break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	va_end(ap);
+	return p;
+}
+
+Tree consttree(unsigned n, Type ty) {
+	if (isarray(ty))
+		ty = atop(ty);
+	else assert(isint(ty));
+	return cnsttree(ty, (unsigned long)n);
+}
+static Tree cmptree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type ty;
+
+	if (isarith(l->type) && isarith(r->type)) {
+		ty = binary(l->type, r->type);
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);
+	} else if (compatible(l->type, r->type)) {
+		ty = unsignedptr;
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);
+	} else {
+		ty = unsignedtype;
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	}
+	return simplify(mkop(op,ty), inttype, l, r);
+}
+static int compatible(Type ty1, Type ty2) {
+	return isptr(ty1) && !isfunc(ty1->type)
+	    && isptr(ty2) && !isfunc(ty2->type)
+	    && eqtype(unqual(ty1->type), unqual(ty2->type), 0);
+}
+static int isnullptr(Tree e) {
+	Type ty = unqual(e->type);
+
+	return generic(e->op) == CNST
+	    && ((ty->op == INT      && e->u.v.i == 0)
+	     || (ty->op == UNSIGNED && e->u.v.u == 0)
+	     || (isvoidptr(ty)      && e->u.v.p == NULL));
+}
+Tree eqtree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type xty = l->type, yty = r->type;
+
+	if ((isptr(xty) && isnullptr(r))
+	||  (isptr(xty) && !isfunc(xty->type) && isvoidptr(yty))
+	||  (isptr(xty) && isptr(yty)
+	    && eqtype(unqual(xty->type), unqual(yty->type), 1))) {
+		Type ty = unsignedptr;
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);
+		return simplify(mkop(op,ty), inttype, l, r);
+	}
+	if ((isptr(yty) && isnullptr(l))
+	||  (isptr(yty) && !isfunc(yty->type) && isvoidptr(xty)))
+		return eqtree(op, r, l);
+	return cmptree(op, l, r);
+}
+
+Type assign(Type xty, Tree e) {
+	Type yty = unqual(e->type);
+
+	xty = unqual(xty);
+	if (isenum(xty))
+		xty = xty->type;
+	if (xty->size == 0 || yty->size == 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if ( (isarith(xty) && isarith(yty))
+	||  (isstruct(xty) && xty == yty))
+		return xty;
+	if (isptr(xty) && isnullptr(e))
+		return xty;
+	if (((isvoidptr(xty) && isptr(yty))
+	  || (isptr(xty)     && isvoidptr(yty)))
+	&& (  (isconst(xty->type)    || !isconst(yty->type))
+	   && (isvolatile(xty->type) || !isvolatile(yty->type))))
+		return xty;
+
+	if ((isptr(xty) && isptr(yty)
+	    && eqtype(unqual(xty->type), unqual(yty->type), 1))
+	&&  (  (isconst(xty->type)    || !isconst(yty->type))
+	    && (isvolatile(xty->type) || !isvolatile(yty->type))))
+		return xty;
+	if (isptr(xty) && isptr(yty)
+	&& (  (isconst(xty->type)    || !isconst(yty->type))
+	   && (isvolatile(xty->type) || !isvolatile(yty->type)))) {
+		Type lty = unqual(xty->type), rty = unqual(yty->type);
+		if ((isenum(lty) && rty == inttype)
+		||  (isenum(rty) && lty == inttype)) {
+			if (Aflag >= 1)
+				warning("assignment between `%t' and `%t' is compiler-dependent\n",
+					xty, yty);
+			return xty;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+Tree asgntree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type aty, ty;
+
+	r = pointer(r);
+	ty = assign(l->type, r);
+	if (ty)
+		r = cast(r, ty);
+	else {
+		typeerror(ASGN, l, r);
+		if (r->type == voidtype)
+			r = retype(r, inttype);
+		ty = r->type;
+	}
+	if (l->op != FIELD)
+		l = lvalue(l);
+	aty = l->type;
+	if (isptr(aty))
+		aty = unqual(aty)->type;
+	if ( isconst(aty)
+	||  (isstruct(aty) && unqual(aty)->u.sym->u.s.cfields)) {
+		if (isaddrop(l->op)
+		&& !l->u.sym->computed && !l->u.sym->generated)
+			error("assignment to const identifier `%s'\n",
+				l->u.sym->name);
+		else
+			error("assignment to const location\n");
+	}
+	if (l->op == FIELD) {
+		long n = 8*l->u.field->type->size - fieldsize(l->u.field);
+		if (n > 0 && isunsigned(l->u.field->type))
+			r = bittree(BAND, r,
+				cnsttree(r->type, (unsigned long)fieldmask(l->u.field)));
+		else if (n > 0) {
+			if (r->op == CNST+I) {
+				n = r->u.v.i;
+				if (n&(1<<(fieldsize(l->u.field)-1)))
+					n |= ~0UL<<fieldsize(l->u.field);
+				r = cnsttree(r->type, n);
+			} else
+				r = shtree(RSH,
+					shtree(LSH, r, cnsttree(inttype, n)),
+					cnsttree(inttype, n));
+		}
+	}
+	if (isstruct(ty) && isaddrop(l->op) && iscallb(r))
+		return tree(RIGHT, ty,
+			tree(CALL+B, ty, r->kids[0]->kids[0], l),
+			idtree(l->u.sym));
+	return tree(mkop(op,ty), ty, l, r);
+}
+Tree condtree(Tree e, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Symbol t1;
+	Type ty, xty = l->type, yty = r->type;
+	Tree p;
+
+	if (isarith(xty) && isarith(yty))
+		ty = binary(xty, yty);
+	else if (eqtype(xty, yty, 1))
+		ty = unqual(xty);
+	else if (isptr(xty)   && isnullptr(r))
+		ty = xty;
+	else if (isnullptr(l) && isptr(yty))
+		ty = yty;
+	else if ((isptr(xty) && !isfunc(xty->type) && isvoidptr(yty))
+	||       (isptr(yty) && !isfunc(yty->type) && isvoidptr(xty)))
+		ty = voidptype;
+	else if ((isptr(xty) && isptr(yty)
+		 && eqtype(unqual(xty->type), unqual(yty->type), 1)))
+		ty = xty;
+	else {
+		typeerror(COND, l, r);
+		return consttree(0, inttype);
+	}
+	if (isptr(ty)) {
+		ty = unqual(unqual(ty)->type);
+		if ((isptr(xty) && isconst(unqual(xty)->type))
+		||  (isptr(yty) && isconst(unqual(yty)->type)))
+			ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+		if ((isptr(xty) && isvolatile(unqual(xty)->type))
+		||  (isptr(yty) && isvolatile(unqual(yty)->type)))
+			ty = qual(VOLATILE, ty);
+		ty = ptr(ty);
+	}
+	switch (e->op) {
+	case CNST+I: return cast(e->u.v.i != 0   ? l : r, ty);
+	case CNST+U: return cast(e->u.v.u != 0   ? l : r, ty);
+	case CNST+P: return cast(e->u.v.p != 0   ? l : r, ty);
+	case CNST+F: return cast(e->u.v.d != 0.0 ? l : r, ty);
+	}
+	if (ty != voidtype && ty->size > 0) {
+		t1 = genident(REGISTER, unqual(ty), level);
+	/*	t1 = temporary(REGISTER, unqual(ty)); */
+		l = asgn(t1, l);
+		r = asgn(t1, r);
+	} else
+		t1 = NULL;
+	p = tree(COND, ty, cond(e),
+		tree(RIGHT, ty, root(l), root(r)));
+	p->u.sym = t1;
+	return p;
+}
+/* addrof - address of p */
+Tree addrof(Tree p) {
+	Tree q = p;
+
+	for (;;)
+		switch (generic(q->op)) {
+		case RIGHT:
+			assert(q->kids[0] || q->kids[1]);
+			q = q->kids[1] ? q->kids[1] : q->kids[0];
+			continue;
+		case ASGN:
+			q = q->kids[1];
+			continue;
+		case COND: {
+			Symbol t1 = q->u.sym;
+			q->u.sym = 0;
+			q = idtree(t1);
+			/* fall thru */
+			}
+		case INDIR:
+			if (p == q)
+				return q->kids[0];
+			q = q->kids[0];
+			return tree(RIGHT, q->type, root(p), q);
+		default:
+			error("addressable object required\n");
+			return value(p);
+		}
+}
+
+/* andtree - construct tree for l [&& ||] r */
+static Tree andtree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	if (!isscalar(l->type) || !isscalar(r->type))
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	return simplify(op, inttype, cond(l), cond(r));
+}
+
+/* asgn - generate tree for assignment of expr e to symbol p sans qualifiers */
+Tree asgn(Symbol p, Tree e) {
+	if (isarray(p->type))
+		e = tree(ASGN+B, p->type, idtree(p),
+			tree(INDIR+B, e->type, e, NULL));
+	else {
+		Type ty = p->type;
+		p->type = unqual(p->type);
+		if (isstruct(p->type) && p->type->u.sym->u.s.cfields) {
+			p->type->u.sym->u.s.cfields = 0;
+			e = asgntree(ASGN, idtree(p), e);
+			p->type->u.sym->u.s.cfields = 1;
+		} else
+			e = asgntree(ASGN, idtree(p), e);
+		p->type = ty;
+	}
+	return e;
+}
+
+/* bittree - construct tree for l [& | ^ %] r */
+Tree bittree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type ty = inttype;
+
+	if (isint(l->type) && isint(r->type)) {
+ 		ty = binary(l->type, r->type);
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);		
+	} else
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	return simplify(op, ty, l, r);
+}
+
+/* multree - construct tree for l [* /] r */
+static Tree multree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type ty = inttype;
+
+	if (isarith(l->type) && isarith(r->type)) {
+		ty = binary(l->type, r->type);
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);		
+	} else
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	return simplify(op, ty, l, r);
+}
+
+/* shtree - construct tree for l [>> <<] r */
+Tree shtree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	Type ty = inttype;
+
+	if (isint(l->type) && isint(r->type)) {
+		ty = promote(l->type);
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, inttype);
+	} else
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	return simplify(op, ty, l, r);
+}
+
+/* subtree - construct tree for l - r */
+static Tree subtree(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	long n;
+	Type ty = inttype;
+
+	if (isarith(l->type) && isarith(r->type)) {
+		ty = binary(l->type, r->type);
+		l = cast(l, ty);
+		r = cast(r, ty);		
+	} else if (isptr(l->type) && !isfunc(l->type->type) && isint(r->type)) {
+		ty = unqual(l->type);
+		n = unqual(ty->type)->size;
+		if (n == 0)
+			error("unknown size for type `%t'\n", ty->type);
+		r = cast(r, promote(r->type));
+		if (n > 1)
+			r = multree(MUL, cnsttree(signedptr, n), r);
+		if (isunsigned(r->type))
+			r = cast(r, unsignedptr);
+		else
+			r = cast(r, signedptr);
+		return simplify(SUB+P, ty, l, r);
+	} else if (compatible(l->type, r->type)) {
+		ty = unqual(l->type);
+		n = unqual(ty->type)->size;
+		if (n == 0)
+			error("unknown size for type `%t'\n", ty->type);
+		l = simplify(SUB+U, unsignedptr,
+			cast(l, unsignedptr), cast(r, unsignedptr));
+		return simplify(DIV+I, longtype,
+			cast(l, longtype), cnsttree(longtype, n));
+	} else
+		typeerror(op, l, r);
+	return simplify(op, ty, l, r);
+}
+
+/* typeerror - issue "operands of op have illegal types `l' and `r'" */
+void typeerror(int op, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	int i;
+	static struct { int op; char *name; } ops[] = {
+		{ASGN, "="},	{INDIR, "*"},	{NEG,  "-"},
+		{ADD,  "+"},	{SUB,   "-"},	{LSH,  "<<"},
+		{MOD,  "%"},	{RSH,   ">>"},	{BAND, "&"},
+		{BCOM, "~"},	{BOR,   "|"},	{BXOR, "^"},
+		{DIV,  "/"},	{MUL,   "*"},	{EQ,   "=="},
+		{GE,   ">="},	{GT,    ">"},	{LE,   "<="},
+		{LT,   "<"},	{NE,    "!="},	{AND,  "&&"},
+		{NOT,  "!"},	{OR,    "||"},	{COND, "?:"},
+		{0, 0}
+	};
+
+	op = generic(op);
+	for (i = 0; ops[i].op; i++)
+		if (op == ops[i].op)
+			break;
+	assert(ops[i].name);
+	if (r)
+		error("operands of %s have illegal types `%t' and `%t'\n",
+			ops[i].name, l->type, r->type);
+	else
+		error("operand of unary %s has illegal type `%t'\n", ops[i].name,
+			l->type);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/error.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/error.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2187c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/error.c
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static void printtoken(void);
+int errcnt   = 0;
+int errlimit = 20;
+char kind[] = {
+#define xx(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) f,
+#define yy(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) f,
+#include "token.h"
+};
+int wflag;		/* != 0 to suppress warning messages */
+
+void test(int tok, char set[]) {
+	if (t == tok)
+		t = gettok();
+	else {
+		expect(tok);
+		skipto(tok, set);
+		if (t == tok)
+			t = gettok();
+	}
+}
+void expect(int tok) {
+	if (t == tok)
+		t = gettok();
+	else {
+		error("syntax error; found");
+		printtoken();
+		fprint(stderr, " expecting `%k'\n", tok);
+	}
+}
+void error(const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	if (errcnt++ >= errlimit) {
+		errcnt = -1;
+		error("too many errors\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (firstfile != file && firstfile && *firstfile)
+		fprint(stderr, "%s: ", firstfile);
+	fprint(stderr, "%w: ", &src);
+	vfprint(stderr, NULL, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void skipto(int tok, char set[]) {
+	int n;
+	char *s;
+
+	assert(set);
+	for (n = 0; t != EOI && t != tok; t = gettok()) {
+		for (s = set; *s && kind[t] != *s; s++)
+			;
+		if (kind[t] == *s)
+			break;
+		if (n++ == 0)
+			error("skipping");
+		if (n <= 8)
+			printtoken();
+		else if (n == 9)
+			fprint(stderr, " ...");
+	}
+	if (n > 8) {
+		fprint(stderr, " up to");
+		printtoken();
+	}
+	if (n > 0)
+		fprint(stderr, "\n");
+}
+/* fatal - issue fatal error message and exit */
+int fatal(const char *name, const char *fmt, int n) {
+	print("\n");
+	errcnt = -1;
+	error("compiler error in %s--", name);
+	fprint(stderr, fmt, n);
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* printtoken - print current token preceeded by a space */
+static void printtoken(void) {
+	switch (t) {
+	case ID: fprint(stderr, " `%s'", token); break;
+	case ICON:
+		fprint(stderr, " `%s'", vtoa(tsym->type, tsym->u.c.v));
+		break;
+	case SCON: {
+		int i, n;
+		if (ischar(tsym->type->type)) {
+			char *s = tsym->u.c.v.p;
+			n = tsym->type->size;
+			fprint(stderr, " \"");
+			for (i = 0; i < 20 && i < n && *s; s++, i++)
+				if (*s < ' ' || *s >= 0177)
+					fprint(stderr, "\\%o", *s);
+				else
+					fprint(stderr, "%c", *s);
+		} else {	/* wchar_t string */
+			unsigned int *s = tsym->u.c.v.p;
+			assert(tsym->type->type->size == widechar->size);
+			n = tsym->type->size/widechar->size;
+			fprint(stderr, " L\"");
+			for (i = 0; i < 20 && i < n && *s; s++, i++)
+				if (*s < ' ' || *s >= 0177)
+					fprint(stderr, "\\x%x", *s);
+				else
+					fprint(stderr, "%c", *s);
+		}
+		if (i < n)
+			fprint(stderr, " ...");
+		else
+			fprint(stderr, "\"");
+		break;
+		}
+	case FCON:
+		fprint(stderr, " `%S'", token, (char*)cp - token);
+		break;
+	case '`': case '\'': fprint(stderr, " \"%k\"", t); break;
+	default: fprint(stderr, " `%k'", t);
+	}
+}
+
+/* warning - issue warning error message */
+void warning(const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (wflag == 0) {
+		errcnt--;
+		error("warning: ");
+		vfprint(stderr, NULL, fmt, ap);
+	}
+	va_end(ap);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/event.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/event.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4549e3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/event.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+struct entry {
+	Apply func;
+	void *cl;
+};
+
+Events events;
+void attach(Apply func, void *cl, List *list) {
+	struct entry *p;
+
+	NEW(p, PERM);
+	p->func = func;
+	p->cl = cl;
+	*list = append(p, *list);
+}
+void apply(List event, void *arg1, void *arg2) {
+	if (event) {
+		List lp = event;
+		do {
+			struct entry *p = lp->x;
+			(*p->func)(p->cl, arg1, arg2);
+			lp = lp->link;
+		} while (lp != event);
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/expr.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/expr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8cb08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/expr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static char prec[] = {
+#define xx(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) c,
+#define yy(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) c,
+#include "token.h"
+};
+static int oper[] = {
+#define xx(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) d,
+#define yy(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) d,
+#include "token.h"
+};
+float refinc = 1.0;
+static Tree expr2(void);
+static Tree expr3(int);
+static Tree nullcheck(Tree);
+static Tree postfix(Tree);
+static Tree unary(void);
+static Tree primary(void);
+static Type super(Type ty);
+
+static Type super(Type ty) {
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case INT:
+		if (ty->size < inttype->size)
+			return inttype;
+		break;
+	case UNSIGNED:
+		if (ty->size < unsignedtype->size)
+			return unsignedtype;
+		break;
+	case POINTER:
+		return unsignedptr;
+	}
+	return ty;
+}
+Tree expr(int tok) {
+	static char stop[] = { IF, ID, '}', 0 };
+	Tree p = expr1(0);
+
+	while (t == ',') {
+		Tree q;
+		t = gettok();
+		q = pointer(expr1(0));
+		p = tree(RIGHT, q->type, root(value(p)), q);
+	}
+	if (tok)	
+		test(tok, stop);
+	return p;
+}
+Tree expr0(int tok) {
+	return root(expr(tok));
+}
+Tree expr1(int tok) {
+	static char stop[] = { IF, ID, 0 };
+	Tree p = expr2();
+
+	if (t == '='
+	|| (prec[t] >=  6 && prec[t] <=  8)
+	|| (prec[t] >= 11 && prec[t] <= 13)) {
+		int op = t;
+		t = gettok();
+		if (oper[op] == ASGN)
+			p = asgntree(ASGN, p, value(expr1(0)));
+		else
+			{
+				expect('=');
+				p = incr(op, p, expr1(0));
+			}
+	}
+	if (tok)	
+		test(tok, stop);
+	return p;
+}
+Tree incr(int op, Tree v, Tree e) {
+	return asgntree(ASGN, v, (*optree[op])(oper[op], v, e));
+}
+static Tree expr2(void) {
+	Tree p = expr3(4);
+
+	if (t == '?') {
+		Tree l, r;
+		Coordinate pts[2];
+		if (Aflag > 1 && isfunc(p->type))
+			warning("%s used in a conditional expression\n",
+				funcname(p));
+		p = pointer(p);
+		t = gettok();
+		pts[0] = src;
+		l = pointer(expr(':'));
+		pts[1] = src;
+		r = pointer(expr2());
+		if (events.points)
+			{
+				apply(events.points, &pts[0], &l);
+				apply(events.points, &pts[1], &r);
+			}
+		p = condtree(p, l, r);
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+Tree value(Tree p) {
+	int op = generic(rightkid(p)->op);
+
+	if (p->type != voidtype
+	&& (op==AND || op==OR || op==NOT || op==EQ || op==NE
+	||  op== LE || op==LT || op== GE || op==GT))
+		p = condtree(p, consttree(1, inttype),
+			consttree(0, inttype));
+	return p;
+}
+static Tree expr3(int k) {
+	int k1;
+	Tree p = unary();
+
+	for (k1 = prec[t]; k1 >= k; k1--)
+		while (prec[t] == k1 && *cp != '=') {
+			Tree r;
+			Coordinate pt;
+			int op = t;
+			t = gettok();
+			pt = src;
+			p = pointer(p);
+			if (op == ANDAND || op == OROR) {
+				r = pointer(expr3(k1));
+				if (events.points)
+					apply(events.points, &pt, &r);
+			} else
+				r = pointer(expr3(k1 + 1));
+			p = (*optree[op])(oper[op], p, r); 
+		}
+	return p;
+}
+static Tree unary(void) {
+	Tree p;
+
+	switch (t) {
+	case '*':    t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = pointer(p);
+						  if (isptr(p->type)
+						  && (isfunc(p->type->type) || isarray(p->type->type)))
+						  	p = retype(p, p->type->type);
+						  else {
+						  	if (YYnull)
+						  		p = nullcheck(p);
+						  	p = rvalue(p);
+						  } break;
+	case '&':    t = gettok(); p = unary(); if (isarray(p->type) || isfunc(p->type))
+						  	p = retype(p, ptr(p->type));
+						  else
+						  	p = lvalue(p);
+						  if (isaddrop(p->op) && p->u.sym->sclass == REGISTER)
+						  	error("invalid operand of unary &; `%s' is declared register\n", p->u.sym->name);
+
+						  else if (isaddrop(p->op))
+						  	p->u.sym->addressed = 1;
+ break;
+	case '+':    t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = pointer(p);
+						  if (isarith(p->type))
+						  	p = cast(p, promote(p->type));
+						  else
+						  	typeerror(ADD, p, NULL);  break;
+	case '-':    t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = pointer(p);
+						  if (isarith(p->type)) {
+						  	Type ty = promote(p->type);
+						  	p = cast(p, ty);
+						  	if (isunsigned(ty)) {
+						  		warning("unsigned operand of unary -\n");
+						  		p = simplify(ADD, ty, simplify(BCOM, ty, p, NULL), cnsttree(ty, 1UL));
+						  	} else
+						  		p = simplify(NEG, ty, p, NULL);
+						  } else
+						  	typeerror(SUB, p, NULL); break;
+	case '~':    t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = pointer(p);
+						  if (isint(p->type)) {
+						  	Type ty = promote(p->type);
+						  	p = simplify(BCOM, ty, cast(p, ty), NULL);
+						  } else
+						  	typeerror(BCOM, p, NULL);  break;
+	case '!':    t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = pointer(p);
+						  if (isscalar(p->type))
+						  	p = simplify(NOT, inttype, cond(p), NULL);
+						  else
+						  	typeerror(NOT, p, NULL); break;
+	case INCR:   t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = incr(INCR, pointer(p), consttree(1, inttype)); break;
+	case DECR:   t = gettok(); p = unary(); p = incr(DECR, pointer(p), consttree(1, inttype)); break;
+	case TYPECODE: case SIZEOF: { int op = t;
+				      Type ty;
+				      p = NULL;
+				      t = gettok();
+				      if (t == '(') {
+				      	t = gettok();
+				      	if (istypename(t, tsym)) {
+				      		ty = typename();
+				      		expect(')');
+				      	} else {
+				      		p = postfix(expr(')'));
+				      		ty = p->type;
+				      	}
+				      } else {
+				      	p = unary();
+				      	ty = p->type;
+				      }
+				      assert(ty);
+				      if (op == TYPECODE)
+				      	p = cnsttree(inttype, (long)ty->op);
+				      else {
+				      	if (isfunc(ty) || ty->size == 0)
+				      		error("invalid type argument `%t' to `sizeof'\n", ty);
+				      	else if (p && rightkid(p)->op == FIELD)
+				      		error("`sizeof' applied to a bit field\n");
+				      	p = cnsttree(unsignedlong, (unsigned long)ty->size);
+				      } } break;
+	case '(':
+		t = gettok();
+		if (istypename(t, tsym)) {
+			Type ty, ty1 = typename(), pty;
+			expect(')');
+			ty = unqual(ty1);
+			if (isenum(ty)) {
+				Type ty2 = ty->type;
+				if (isconst(ty1))
+					ty2 = qual(CONST, ty2);
+				if (isvolatile(ty1))
+					ty2 = qual(VOLATILE, ty2);
+				ty1 = ty2;
+				ty = ty->type;
+			}
+			p = pointer(unary());
+			pty = p->type;
+			if (isenum(pty))
+				pty = pty->type;
+			if ((isarith(pty) && isarith(ty))
+			||  (isptr(pty)   && isptr(ty))) {
+				explicitCast++;
+				p = cast(p, ty);
+				explicitCast--;
+			} else if ((isptr(pty) && isint(ty))
+			||       (isint(pty) && isptr(ty))) {
+				if (Aflag >= 1 && ty->size < pty->size)
+					warning("conversion from `%t' to `%t' is compiler dependent\n", p->type, ty);
+
+				p = cast(p, ty);
+			} else if (ty != voidtype) {
+				error("cast from `%t' to `%t' is illegal\n",
+					p->type, ty1);
+				ty1 = inttype;
+			}
+			if (generic(p->op) == INDIR || ty->size == 0)
+				p = tree(RIGHT, ty1, NULL, p);
+			else
+				p = retype(p, ty1);
+		} else
+			p = postfix(expr(')'));
+		break;
+	default:
+		p = postfix(primary());
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+
+static Tree postfix(Tree p) {
+	for (;;)
+		switch (t) {
+		case INCR:  p = tree(RIGHT, p->type,
+			    	tree(RIGHT, p->type,
+			    		p,
+			    		incr(t, p, consttree(1, inttype))),
+			    	p);
+			    t = gettok(); break;
+		case DECR:  p = tree(RIGHT, p->type,
+			    	tree(RIGHT, p->type,
+			    		p,
+			    		incr(t, p, consttree(1, inttype))),
+			    	p);
+			    t = gettok(); break;
+		case '[':   {
+			    	Tree q;
+			    	t = gettok();
+			    	q = expr(']');
+			    	if (YYnull) {
+			    		if (isptr(p->type))
+			    			p = nullcheck(p);
+			    		else if (isptr(q->type))
+			    			q = nullcheck(q);
+			    	}
+			    	p = (*optree['+'])(ADD, pointer(p), pointer(q));
+			    	if (isptr(p->type) && isarray(p->type->type))
+			    		p = retype(p, p->type->type);
+			    	else
+			    		p = rvalue(p);
+			    } break;
+		case '(':   {
+			    	Type ty;
+			    	Coordinate pt;
+			    	p = pointer(p);
+			    	if (isptr(p->type) && isfunc(p->type->type))
+			    		ty = p->type->type;
+			    	else {
+			    		error("found `%t' expected a function\n", p->type);
+			    		ty = func(voidtype, NULL, 1);
+			    		p = retype(p, ptr(ty));
+			    	}
+			    	pt = src;
+			    	t = gettok();
+			    	p = call(p, ty, pt);
+			    } break;
+		case '.':   t = gettok();
+			    if (t == ID) {
+			    	if (isstruct(p->type)) {
+			    		Tree q = addrof(p);
+			    		p = field(q, token);
+			    		q = rightkid(q);
+			    		if (isaddrop(q->op) && q->u.sym->temporary)
+			    			p = tree(RIGHT, p->type, p, NULL);
+			    	} else
+			    		error("left operand of . has incompatible type `%t'\n",
+			    			p->type);
+			    	t = gettok();
+			    } else
+			    	error("field name expected\n"); break;
+		case DEREF: t = gettok();
+			    p = pointer(p);
+			    if (t == ID) {
+			    	if (isptr(p->type) && isstruct(p->type->type)) {
+			    		if (YYnull)
+			    			p = nullcheck(p);
+			    		p = field(p, token);
+			    	} else
+			    		error("left operand of -> has incompatible type `%t'\n", p->type);
+
+			    	t = gettok();
+			    } else
+			    	error("field name expected\n"); break;
+		default:
+			return p;
+		}
+}
+static Tree primary(void) {
+	Tree p;
+
+	assert(t != '(');
+	switch (t) {
+	case ICON:
+	case FCON: p = tree(mkop(CNST,tsym->type), tsym->type, NULL, NULL);
+		   p->u.v = tsym->u.c.v;
+ break;
+	case SCON: if (ischar(tsym->type->type))
+		   	tsym->u.c.v.p = stringn(tsym->u.c.v.p, tsym->type->size);
+		   else
+		   	tsym->u.c.v.p = memcpy(allocate(tsym->type->size, PERM), tsym->u.c.v.p, tsym->type->size);
+		   tsym = constant(tsym->type, tsym->u.c.v); 
+		   if (tsym->u.c.loc == NULL)
+		   	tsym->u.c.loc = genident(STATIC, tsym->type, GLOBAL);
+		   p = idtree(tsym->u.c.loc); break;
+	case ID:   if (tsym == NULL)
+		   	{
+				Symbol p = install(token, &identifiers, level, FUNC);
+				p->src = src;
+				if (getchr() == '(') {
+					Symbol q = lookup(token, externals);
+					p->type = func(inttype, NULL, 1);
+					p->sclass = EXTERN;
+					if (Aflag >= 1)
+						warning("missing prototype\n");
+					if (q && !eqtype(q->type, p->type, 1))
+						warning("implicit declaration of `%s' does not match previous declaration at %w\n", q->name, &q->src);
+
+					if (q == NULL) {
+						q = install(p->name, &externals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+						q->type = p->type;
+						q->sclass = EXTERN;
+						q->src = src;
+						(*IR->defsymbol)(q);
+					}
+					p->u.alias = q;
+				} else {
+					error("undeclared identifier `%s'\n", p->name);
+					p->sclass = AUTO;
+					p->type = inttype;
+					if (p->scope == GLOBAL)
+						(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+					else
+						addlocal(p);
+				}
+				t = gettok();
+				if (xref)
+					use(p, src);
+				return idtree(p);
+			}
+		   if (xref)
+		   	use(tsym, src);
+		   if (tsym->sclass == ENUM)
+		   	p = consttree(tsym->u.value, inttype);
+		   else {
+		   	if (tsym->sclass == TYPEDEF)
+		   		error("illegal use of type name `%s'\n", tsym->name);
+		   	p = idtree(tsym);
+		   } break;
+	case FIRSTARG:
+		if (level > PARAM && cfunc && cfunc->u.f.callee[0])
+			p = idtree(cfunc->u.f.callee[0]);
+		else {
+			error("illegal use of `%k'\n", FIRSTARG);
+			p = cnsttree(inttype, 0L);
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		error("illegal expression\n");
+			p = cnsttree(inttype, 0L);
+	}
+	t = gettok();
+	return p;
+}
+Tree idtree(Symbol p) {
+	int op;
+	Tree e;
+	Type ty = p->type ? unqual(p->type) : voidptype;
+
+	if (p->scope == GLOBAL || p->sclass == STATIC)
+		op = ADDRG;
+	else if (p->scope == PARAM) {
+		op = ADDRF;
+		if (isstruct(p->type) && !IR->wants_argb)
+			{
+				e = tree(mkop(op,voidptype), ptr(ptr(p->type)), NULL, NULL);
+				e->u.sym = p;
+				return rvalue(rvalue(e));
+			}
+	} else if (p->sclass == EXTERN) {
+		assert(p->u.alias);
+		p = p->u.alias;
+		op = ADDRG;
+	} else
+		op = ADDRL;
+	p->ref += refinc;
+	if (isarray(ty))
+		e = tree(mkop(op,voidptype), p->type,      NULL, NULL);
+	else if (isfunc(ty))
+		e = tree(mkop(op,funcptype), p->type,      NULL, NULL);
+	else
+		e = tree(mkop(op,voidptype), ptr(p->type), NULL, NULL);
+	e->u.sym = p;
+	if (isptr(e->type))
+		e = rvalue(e);
+	return e;
+}
+
+Tree rvalue(Tree p) {
+	Type ty = deref(p->type);
+
+	ty = unqual(ty);
+	return tree(mkop(INDIR,ty), ty, p, NULL);
+}
+Tree lvalue(Tree p) {
+	if (generic(p->op) != INDIR) {
+		error("lvalue required\n");
+		return value(p);
+	} else if (unqual(p->type) == voidtype)
+		warning("`%t' used as an lvalue\n", p->type);
+	return p->kids[0];
+}
+Tree retype(Tree p, Type ty) {
+	Tree q;
+
+	if (p->type == ty)
+		return p;
+	q = tree(p->op, ty, p->kids[0], p->kids[1]);
+	q->node = p->node;
+	q->u = p->u;
+	return q;
+}
+Tree rightkid(Tree p) {
+	while (p && p->op == RIGHT)
+		if (p->kids[1])
+			p = p->kids[1];
+		else if (p->kids[0])
+			p = p->kids[0];
+		else
+			assert(0);
+	assert(p);
+	return p;
+}
+int hascall(Tree p) {
+	if (p == 0)
+		return 0;
+	if (generic(p->op) == CALL || (IR->mulops_calls &&
+	  (p->op == DIV+I || p->op == MOD+I || p->op == MUL+I
+	|| p->op == DIV+U || p->op == MOD+U || p->op == MUL+U)))
+		return 1;
+	return hascall(p->kids[0]) || hascall(p->kids[1]);
+}
+Type binary(Type xty, Type yty) {
+#define xx(t) if (xty == t || yty == t) return t
+	xx(longdouble);
+	xx(doubletype);
+	xx(floattype);
+	xx(unsignedlonglong);
+	xx(longlong);
+	xx(unsignedlong);
+	if ((xty == longtype     && yty == unsignedtype)
+	||  (xty == unsignedtype && yty == longtype)) {
+		if (longtype->size > unsignedtype->size)
+			return longtype;
+		else
+			return unsignedlong;
+	}
+	xx(longtype);
+	xx(unsignedtype);
+	return inttype;
+#undef xx
+}
+Tree pointer(Tree p) {
+	if (isarray(p->type))
+		/* assert(p->op != RIGHT || p->u.sym == NULL), */
+		p = retype(p, atop(p->type));
+	else if (isfunc(p->type))
+		p = retype(p, ptr(p->type));
+	return p;
+}
+Tree cond(Tree p) {
+	int op = generic(rightkid(p)->op);
+
+	if (op == AND || op == OR || op == NOT
+	||  op == EQ  || op == NE
+	||  op == LE  || op == LT || op == GE || op == GT)
+		return p;
+	p = pointer(p);
+	return (*optree[NEQ])(NE, p, consttree(0, inttype));
+}
+Tree cast(Tree p, Type type) {
+	Type src, dst;
+
+	p = value(p);
+	if (p->type == type)
+		return p;
+	dst = unqual(type);
+	src = unqual(p->type);
+	if (src->op != dst->op || src->size != dst->size) {
+		switch (src->op) {
+		case INT:
+			if (src->size < inttype->size)
+				p = simplify(CVI, inttype, p, NULL);
+			break;
+		case UNSIGNED:
+			if (src->size < inttype->size)
+				p = simplify(CVU, inttype, p, NULL);
+			else if (src->size < unsignedtype->size)
+				p = simplify(CVU, unsignedtype, p, NULL);
+			break;
+		case ENUM:
+			p = retype(p, inttype);
+			break;
+		case POINTER:
+			if (isint(dst) && src->size > dst->size)
+				warning("conversion from `%t' to `%t' is undefined\n", p->type, type);
+			p = simplify(CVP, super(src), p, NULL);
+			break;
+		case FLOAT:
+			break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+		{
+			src = unqual(p->type);
+			dst = super(dst);
+			if (src->op != dst->op)
+				switch (src->op) {
+				case INT:
+					p = simplify(CVI, dst, p, NULL);
+					break;
+				case UNSIGNED:
+					if (isfloat(dst)) {
+						Type ssrc = signedint(src);
+						Tree two = cnsttree(longdouble, (double)2.0);
+						p = (*optree['+'])(ADD,
+							(*optree['*'])(MUL,
+								two,
+								simplify(CVU, ssrc,
+									simplify(RSH, src,
+										p, consttree(1, inttype)), NULL)),
+							simplify(CVU, ssrc,
+								simplify(BAND, src,
+									p, consttree(1, unsignedtype)), NULL));
+					} else
+						p = simplify(CVU, dst, p, NULL);
+					break;
+				case FLOAT:
+					if (isunsigned(dst)) {
+						Type sdst = signedint(dst);
+						Tree c = cast(cnsttree(longdouble, (double)sdst->u.sym->u.limits.max.i + 1), src);
+						p = condtree(
+							simplify(GE, src, p, c),
+							(*optree['+'])(ADD,
+								cast(cast(simplify(SUB, src, p, c), sdst), dst),
+								cast(cnsttree(unsignedlong, (unsigned long)sdst->u.sym->u.limits.max.i + 1), dst)),
+							simplify(CVF, sdst, p, NULL));
+					} else
+						p = simplify(CVF, dst, p, NULL);
+					break;
+				default: assert(0);
+				}
+			dst = unqual(type);
+		}
+	}
+	src = unqual(p->type);
+	switch (src->op) {
+	case INT:
+		if (src->op != dst->op || src->size != dst->size)
+			p = simplify(CVI, dst, p, NULL);
+		break;
+	case UNSIGNED:
+		if (src->op != dst->op || src->size != dst->size)
+			p = simplify(CVU, dst, p, NULL);
+		break;
+	case FLOAT:
+		if (src->op != dst->op || src->size != dst->size)
+			p = simplify(CVF, dst, p, NULL);
+		break;
+	case POINTER:
+		if (src->op != dst->op)
+			p = simplify(CVP, dst, p, NULL);
+		else {
+			if ((isfunc(src->type) && !isfunc(dst->type))
+			|| (!isfunc(src->type) &&  isfunc(dst->type)))
+				warning("conversion from `%t' to `%t' is compiler dependent\n", p->type, type);
+
+			if (src->size != dst->size)
+				p = simplify(CVP, dst, p, NULL);
+		}
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	return retype(p, type);
+}
+Tree field(Tree p, const char *name) {
+	Field q;
+	Type ty1, ty = p->type;
+
+	if (isptr(ty))
+		ty = deref(ty);
+	ty1 = ty;
+	ty = unqual(ty);
+	if ((q = fieldref(name, ty)) != NULL) {
+		if (isarray(q->type)) {
+			ty = q->type->type;
+			if (isconst(ty1) && !isconst(ty))
+				ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+			if (isvolatile(ty1) && !isvolatile(ty))
+				ty = qual(VOLATILE, ty);
+			ty = array(ty, q->type->size/ty->size, q->type->align);
+		} else {
+			ty = q->type;
+			if (isconst(ty1) && !isconst(ty))
+				ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+			if (isvolatile(ty1) && !isvolatile(ty))
+				ty = qual(VOLATILE, ty);
+			ty = ptr(ty);
+		}
+		if (YYcheck && !isaddrop(p->op) && q->offset > 0)	/* omit */
+			p = nullcall(ty, YYcheck, p, consttree(q->offset, inttype));	/* omit */
+		else					/* omit */
+		p = simplify(ADD+P, ty, p, consttree(q->offset, inttype));
+
+		if (q->lsb) {
+			p = tree(FIELD, ty->type, rvalue(p), NULL);
+			p->u.field = q;
+		} else if (!isarray(q->type))
+			p = rvalue(p);
+
+	} else {
+		error("unknown field `%s' of `%t'\n", name, ty);
+		p = rvalue(retype(p, ptr(inttype)));
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+/* funcname - return name of function f or a function' */
+char *funcname(Tree f) {
+	if (isaddrop(f->op))
+		return stringf("`%s'", f->u.sym->name);
+	return "a function";
+}
+static Tree nullcheck(Tree p) {
+	if (!needconst && YYnull && isptr(p->type)) {
+		p = value(p);
+		if (strcmp(YYnull->name, "_YYnull") == 0) {
+			Symbol t1 = temporary(REGISTER, voidptype);
+			p = tree(RIGHT, p->type,
+				tree(OR, voidtype,
+					cond(asgn(t1, cast(p, voidptype))),
+					vcall(YYnull, voidtype,	(file && *file ? pointer(idtree(mkstr(file)->u.c.loc)) : cnsttree(voidptype, NULL)), cnsttree(inttype, (long)lineno)		, NULL)),
+				idtree(t1));
+		}
+
+		else
+			p = nullcall(p->type, YYnull, p, cnsttree(inttype, 0L));
+
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+Tree nullcall(Type pty, Symbol f, Tree p, Tree e) {
+	Type ty;
+
+	if (isarray(pty))
+		return retype(nullcall(atop(pty), f, p, e), pty);
+	ty = unqual(unqual(p->type)->type);
+	return vcall(f, pty,
+		p, e,
+		cnsttree(inttype, (long)ty->size),
+		cnsttree(inttype, (long)ty->align),
+		(file && *file ? pointer(idtree(mkstr(file)->u.c.loc)) : cnsttree(voidptype, NULL)), cnsttree(inttype, (long)lineno)		, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/gen.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/gen.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ee170d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/gen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,830 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+#define readsreg(p) \
+	(generic((p)->op)==INDIR && (p)->kids[0]->op==VREG+P)
+#define setsrc(d) ((d) && (d)->x.regnode && \
+	(d)->x.regnode->set == src->x.regnode->set && \
+	(d)->x.regnode->mask&src->x.regnode->mask)
+
+#define relink(a, b) ((b)->x.prev = (a), (a)->x.next = (b))
+
+static Symbol   askfixedreg(Symbol);
+static Symbol   askreg(Symbol, unsigned*);
+static void     blkunroll(int, int, int, int, int, int, int[]);
+static void     docall(Node);
+static void     dumpcover(Node, int, int);
+static void     dumpregs(char *, char *, char *);
+static void     dumprule(int);
+static void     dumptree(Node);
+static unsigned	emitasm(Node, int);
+static void     genreload(Node, Symbol, int);
+static void     genspill(Symbol, Node, Symbol);
+static Symbol   getreg(Symbol, unsigned*, Node);
+static int      getrule(Node, int);
+static void     linearize(Node, Node);
+static int      moveself(Node);
+static void     prelabel(Node);
+static Node*    prune(Node, Node*);
+static void     putreg(Symbol);
+static void     ralloc(Node);
+static void     reduce(Node, int);
+static int      reprune(Node*, int, int, Node);
+static int      requate(Node);
+static Node     reuse(Node, int);
+static void     rewrite(Node);
+static Symbol   spillee(Symbol, unsigned mask[], Node);
+static void     spillr(Symbol, Node);
+static int      uses(Node, Regnode);
+
+int offset;
+
+int maxoffset;
+
+int framesize;
+int argoffset;
+
+int maxargoffset;
+
+int dalign, salign;
+int bflag = 0;  /* omit */
+int dflag = 0;
+
+int swap;
+
+unsigned (*emitter)(Node, int) = emitasm;
+static char NeedsReg[] = {
+	0,                      /* unused */
+	1,                      /* CNST */
+	0, 0,                   /* ARG ASGN */
+	1,                      /* INDIR  */
+	0, 0, 1, 1,             /*  -  - CVF CVI */
+	1, 0, 1, 1,             /* CVP - CVU NEG */
+	1,                      /* CALL */
+	1,                      /* LOAD */
+	0,                      /* RET */
+	1, 1, 1,                /* ADDRG ADDRF ADDRL */
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 1,          /* ADD SUB LSH MOD RSH */
+	1, 1, 1, 1,             /* BAND BCOM BOR BXOR */
+	1, 1,                   /* DIV MUL */
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,       /* EQ GE GT LE LT NE */
+	0, 0                   /* JUMP LABEL   */
+};
+Node head;
+
+unsigned freemask[2];
+unsigned usedmask[2];
+unsigned tmask[2];
+unsigned vmask[2];
+Symbol mkreg(char *fmt, int n, int mask, int set) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	NEW0(p, PERM);
+	p->name = p->x.name = stringf(fmt, n);
+	NEW0(p->x.regnode, PERM);
+	p->x.regnode->number = n;
+	p->x.regnode->mask = mask<<n;
+	p->x.regnode->set = set;
+	return p;
+}
+Symbol mkwildcard(Symbol *syms) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	NEW0(p, PERM);
+	p->name = p->x.name = "wildcard";
+	p->x.wildcard = syms;
+	return p;
+}
+void mkauto(Symbol p) {
+	assert(p->sclass == AUTO);
+	offset = roundup(offset + p->type->size, p->type->align);
+	p->x.offset = -offset;
+	p->x.name = stringd(-offset);
+}
+void blockbeg(Env *e) {
+	e->offset = offset;
+	e->freemask[IREG] = freemask[IREG];
+	e->freemask[FREG] = freemask[FREG];
+}
+void blockend(Env *e) {
+	if (offset > maxoffset)
+		maxoffset = offset;
+	offset = e->offset;
+	freemask[IREG] = e->freemask[IREG];
+	freemask[FREG] = e->freemask[FREG];
+}
+int mkactual(int align, int size) {
+	int n = roundup(argoffset, align);
+
+	argoffset = n + size;
+	return n;
+}
+static void docall(Node p) {
+	p->syms[1] = p->syms[0];
+	p->syms[0] = intconst(argoffset);
+	if (argoffset > maxargoffset)
+		maxargoffset = argoffset;
+	argoffset = 0;
+}
+void blkcopy(int dreg, int doff, int sreg, int soff, int size, int tmp[]) {
+	assert(size >= 0);
+	if (size == 0)
+		return;
+	else if (size <= 2)
+		blkunroll(size, dreg, doff, sreg, soff, size, tmp);
+	else if (size == 3) {
+		blkunroll(2, dreg, doff,   sreg, soff,   2, tmp);
+		blkunroll(1, dreg, doff+2, sreg, soff+2, 1, tmp);
+	}
+	else if (size <= 16) {
+		blkunroll(4, dreg, doff, sreg, soff, size&~3, tmp);
+		blkcopy(dreg, doff+(size&~3),
+	                sreg, soff+(size&~3), size&3, tmp);
+	}
+	else
+		(*IR->x.blkloop)(dreg, doff, sreg, soff, size, tmp);
+}
+static void blkunroll(int k, int dreg, int doff, int sreg, int soff, int size, int tmp[]) {
+	int i;
+
+	assert(IR->x.max_unaligned_load);
+	if (k > IR->x.max_unaligned_load
+	&& (k > salign || k > dalign))
+		k = IR->x.max_unaligned_load;
+	for (i = 0; i+k < size; i += 2*k) {
+		(*IR->x.blkfetch)(k, soff+i,   sreg, tmp[0]);
+		(*IR->x.blkfetch)(k, soff+i+k, sreg, tmp[1]);
+		(*IR->x.blkstore)(k, doff+i,   dreg, tmp[0]);
+		(*IR->x.blkstore)(k, doff+i+k, dreg, tmp[1]);
+	}
+	if (i < size) {
+		(*IR->x.blkfetch)(k, i+soff, sreg, tmp[0]);
+		(*IR->x.blkstore)(k, i+doff, dreg, tmp[0]);
+	}
+}
+void parseflags(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-d") == 0)
+			dflag = 1;
+		else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-b") == 0)	/* omit */
+			bflag = 1;			/* omit */
+}
+static int getrule(Node p, int nt) {
+	int rulenum;
+
+	assert(p);
+	rulenum = (*IR->x._rule)(p->x.state, nt);
+	if (!rulenum) {
+		fprint(stderr, "(%x->op=%s at %w is corrupt.)\n", p, opname(p->op), &src);
+		assert(0);
+	}
+	return rulenum;
+}
+static void reduce(Node p, int nt) {
+	int rulenum, i;
+	short *nts;
+	Node kids[10];
+
+	p = reuse(p, nt);
+	rulenum = getrule(p, nt);
+	nts = IR->x._nts[rulenum];
+	(*IR->x._kids)(p, rulenum, kids);
+	for (i = 0; nts[i]; i++)
+		reduce(kids[i], nts[i]);
+	if (IR->x._isinstruction[rulenum]) {
+		assert(p->x.inst == 0 || p->x.inst == nt);
+		p->x.inst = nt;
+		if (p->syms[RX] && p->syms[RX]->temporary) {
+			debug(fprint(stderr, "(using %s)\n", p->syms[RX]->name));
+			p->syms[RX]->x.usecount++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+static Node reuse(Node p, int nt) {
+	struct _state {
+		short cost[1];
+	};
+	Symbol r = p->syms[RX];
+
+	if (generic(p->op) == INDIR && p->kids[0]->op == VREG+P
+	&& r->u.t.cse && p->x.mayrecalc
+	&& ((struct _state*)r->u.t.cse->x.state)->cost[nt] == 0)
+		return r->u.t.cse;
+	else
+		return p;
+}
+
+int mayrecalc(Node p) {
+	int op;
+
+	assert(p && p->syms[RX]);
+	if (p->syms[RX]->u.t.cse == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	op = generic(p->syms[RX]->u.t.cse->op);
+	if (op == CNST || op == ADDRF || op == ADDRG || op == ADDRL) {
+		p->x.mayrecalc = 1;
+		return 1;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+static Node *prune(Node p, Node pp[]) {
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return pp;
+	p->x.kids[0] = p->x.kids[1] = p->x.kids[2] = NULL;
+	if (p->x.inst == 0)
+		return prune(p->kids[1], prune(p->kids[0], pp));
+	else if (p->syms[RX] && p->syms[RX]->temporary
+	&& p->syms[RX]->x.usecount < 2) {
+		p->x.inst = 0;
+		debug(fprint(stderr, "(clobbering %s)\n", p->syms[RX]->name));
+		return prune(p->kids[1], prune(p->kids[0], pp));
+	}
+	else {
+		prune(p->kids[1], prune(p->kids[0], &p->x.kids[0]));
+		*pp = p;
+		return pp + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+#define ck(i) return (i) ? 0 : LBURG_MAX
+
+int range(Node p, int lo, int hi) {
+	Symbol s = p->syms[0];
+
+	switch (specific(p->op)) {
+	case ADDRF+P:
+	case ADDRL+P: ck(s->x.offset >= lo && s->x.offset <= hi);
+	case CNST+I:  ck(s->u.c.v.i  >= lo && s->u.c.v.i  <= hi);
+	case CNST+U:  ck(s->u.c.v.u  >= lo && s->u.c.v.u  <= hi);
+	case CNST+P:  ck(s->u.c.v.p  == 0  && lo <= 0 && hi >= 0);
+	}
+	return LBURG_MAX;
+}
+static void dumptree(Node p) {
+	if (p->op == VREG+P && p->syms[0]) {
+		fprint(stderr, "VREGP(%s)", p->syms[0]->name);
+		return;
+	} else if (generic(p->op) == LOAD) {
+		fprint(stderr, "LOAD(");
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		fprint(stderr, ")");
+		return;
+	}
+	fprint(stderr, "%s(", opname(p->op));
+	switch (generic(p->op)) {
+	case CNST: case LABEL:
+	case ADDRG: case ADDRF: case ADDRL:
+		if (p->syms[0])
+			fprint(stderr, "%s", p->syms[0]->name);
+		break;
+	case RET:
+		if (p->kids[0])
+			dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		break;
+	case CVF: case CVI: case CVP: case CVU: case JUMP: 
+	case ARG: case BCOM: case NEG: case INDIR:
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		break;
+	case CALL:
+		if (optype(p->op) != B) {
+			dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+			break;
+		}
+		/* else fall thru */
+	case EQ: case NE: case GT: case GE: case LE: case LT:
+	case ASGN: case BOR: case BAND: case BXOR: case RSH: case LSH:
+	case ADD: case SUB:  case DIV: case MUL: case MOD:
+		dumptree(p->kids[0]);
+		fprint(stderr, ", ");
+		dumptree(p->kids[1]);
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	fprint(stderr, ")");
+}
+static void dumpcover(Node p, int nt, int in) {
+	int rulenum, i;
+	short *nts;
+	Node kids[10];
+
+	p = reuse(p, nt);
+	rulenum = getrule(p, nt);
+	nts = IR->x._nts[rulenum];
+	fprint(stderr, "dumpcover(%x) = ", p);
+	for (i = 0; i < in; i++)
+		fprint(stderr, " ");
+	dumprule(rulenum);
+	(*IR->x._kids)(p, rulenum, kids);
+	for (i = 0; nts[i]; i++)
+		dumpcover(kids[i], nts[i], in+1);
+}
+
+static void dumprule(int rulenum) {
+	assert(rulenum);
+	fprint(stderr, "%s / %s", IR->x._string[rulenum],
+		IR->x._templates[rulenum]);
+	if (!IR->x._isinstruction[rulenum])
+		fprint(stderr, "\n");
+}
+static unsigned emitasm(Node p, int nt) {
+	int rulenum;
+	short *nts;
+	char *fmt;
+	Node kids[10];
+
+	p = reuse(p, nt);
+	rulenum = getrule(p, nt);
+	nts = IR->x._nts[rulenum];
+	fmt = IR->x._templates[rulenum];
+	assert(fmt);
+	if (IR->x._isinstruction[rulenum] && p->x.emitted)
+		print("%s", p->syms[RX]->x.name);
+	else if (*fmt == '#')
+		(*IR->x.emit2)(p);
+	else {
+		if (*fmt == '?') {
+			fmt++;
+			assert(p->kids[0]);
+			if (p->syms[RX] == p->x.kids[0]->syms[RX])
+				while (*fmt++ != '\n')
+					;
+		}
+		for ((*IR->x._kids)(p, rulenum, kids); *fmt; fmt++)
+			if (*fmt != '%')
+				(void)putchar(*fmt);
+			else if (*++fmt == 'F')
+				print("%d", framesize);
+			else if (*fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '9')
+				emitasm(kids[*fmt - '0'], nts[*fmt - '0']);
+			else if (*fmt >= 'a' && *fmt < 'a' + NELEMS(p->syms))
+				fputs(p->syms[*fmt - 'a']->x.name, stdout);
+			else
+				(void)putchar(*fmt);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+void emit(Node p) {
+	for (; p; p = p->x.next) {
+		assert(p->x.registered);
+		if ((p->x.equatable && requate(p)) || moveself(p))
+			;
+		else
+			(*emitter)(p, p->x.inst);
+		p->x.emitted = 1;
+	}
+}
+static int moveself(Node p) {
+	return p->x.copy
+	&& p->syms[RX]->x.name == p->x.kids[0]->syms[RX]->x.name;
+}
+int move(Node p) {
+	p->x.copy = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+static int requate(Node q) {
+	Symbol src = q->x.kids[0]->syms[RX];
+	Symbol tmp = q->syms[RX];
+	Node p;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(requate(%x): tmp=%s src=%s)\n", q, tmp->x.name, src->x.name));
+	for (p = q->x.next; p; p = p->x.next)
+		if (p->x.copy && p->syms[RX] == src
+		&&  p->x.kids[0]->syms[RX] == tmp)
+			debug(fprint(stderr, "(requate arm 0 at %x)\n", p)),
+			p->syms[RX] = tmp;
+		else if (setsrc(p->syms[RX]) && !moveself(p) && !readsreg(p))
+			return 0;
+		else if (p->x.spills)
+			return 0;
+		else if (generic(p->op) == CALL && p->x.next)
+			return 0;
+		else if (p->op == LABEL+V && p->x.next)
+			return 0;
+		else if (p->syms[RX] == tmp && readsreg(p))
+			debug(fprint(stderr, "(requate arm 5 at %x)\n", p)),
+			n++;
+		else if (p->syms[RX] == tmp)
+			break;
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(requate arm 7 at %x)\n", p));
+	assert(n > 0);
+	for (p = q->x.next; p; p = p->x.next)
+		if (p->syms[RX] == tmp && readsreg(p)) {
+			p->syms[RX] = src;
+			if (--n <= 0)
+				break;
+		}
+	return 1;
+}
+static void prelabel(Node p) {
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return;
+	prelabel(p->kids[0]);
+	prelabel(p->kids[1]);
+	if (NeedsReg[opindex(p->op)])
+		setreg(p, (*IR->x.rmap)(opkind(p->op)));
+	switch (generic(p->op)) {
+	case ADDRF: case ADDRL:
+		if (p->syms[0]->sclass == REGISTER)
+			p->op = VREG+P;
+		break;
+	case INDIR:
+		if (p->kids[0]->op == VREG+P)
+			setreg(p, p->kids[0]->syms[0]);
+		break;
+	case ASGN:
+		if (p->kids[0]->op == VREG+P)
+			rtarget(p, 1, p->kids[0]->syms[0]);
+		break;
+	case CVI: case CVU: case CVP:
+		if (optype(p->op) != F
+		&&  opsize(p->op) <= p->syms[0]->u.c.v.i)
+			p->op = LOAD + opkind(p->op);
+		break;
+	}
+	(IR->x.target)(p);
+}
+void setreg(Node p, Symbol r) {
+	p->syms[RX] = r;
+}
+void rtarget(Node p, int n, Symbol r) {
+	Node q = p->kids[n];
+
+	assert(q);
+	assert(r);
+	assert(r->sclass == REGISTER || !r->x.wildcard);
+	assert(q->syms[RX]);
+	if (r != q->syms[RX] && !q->syms[RX]->x.wildcard) {
+		q = newnode(LOAD + opkind(q->op),
+			q, NULL, q->syms[0]);
+		if (r->u.t.cse == p->kids[n])
+			r->u.t.cse = q;
+		p->kids[n] = p->x.kids[n] = q;
+		q->x.kids[0] = q->kids[0];
+	}
+	setreg(q, r);
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(targeting %x->x.kids[%d]=%x to %s)\n", p, n, p->kids[n], r->x.name));
+}
+static void rewrite(Node p) {
+	assert(p->x.inst == 0);
+	prelabel(p);
+	debug(dumptree(p));
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "\n"));
+	(*IR->x._label)(p);
+	debug(dumpcover(p, 1, 0));
+	reduce(p, 1);
+}
+Node gen(Node forest) {
+	int i;
+	struct node sentinel;
+	Node dummy, p;
+
+	head = forest;
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->link) {
+		assert(p->count == 0);
+		if (generic(p->op) == CALL)
+			docall(p);
+		else if (   generic(p->op) == ASGN
+		&& generic(p->kids[1]->op) == CALL)
+			docall(p->kids[1]);
+		else if (generic(p->op) == ARG)
+			(*IR->x.doarg)(p);
+		rewrite(p);
+		p->x.listed = 1;
+	}
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->link)
+		prune(p, &dummy);
+	relink(&sentinel, &sentinel);
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->link)
+		linearize(p, &sentinel);
+	forest = sentinel.x.next;
+	assert(forest);
+	sentinel.x.next->x.prev = NULL;
+	sentinel.x.prev->x.next = NULL;
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->x.next)
+		for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids) && p->x.kids[i]; i++) {
+			assert(p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX]);
+			if (p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX]->temporary) {
+				p->x.kids[i]->x.prevuse =
+					p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX]->x.lastuse;
+				p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX]->x.lastuse = p->x.kids[i];
+			}
+		}
+	for (p = forest; p; p = p->x.next) {
+		ralloc(p);
+		if (p->x.listed && NeedsReg[opindex(p->op)]
+		&& (*IR->x.rmap)(opkind(p->op))) {
+			assert(generic(p->op) == CALL || generic(p->op) == LOAD);
+			putreg(p->syms[RX]);
+		}
+	}
+	return forest;
+}
+int notarget(Node p) {
+	return p->syms[RX]->x.wildcard ? 0 : LBURG_MAX;
+}
+static void putreg(Symbol r) {
+	assert(r && r->x.regnode);
+	freemask[r->x.regnode->set] |= r->x.regnode->mask;
+	debug(dumpregs("(freeing %s)\n", r->x.name, NULL));
+}
+static Symbol askfixedreg(Symbol s) {
+	Regnode r = s->x.regnode;
+	int n = r->set;
+
+	if (r->mask&~freemask[n])
+		return NULL;
+	else {
+		freemask[n] &= ~r->mask;
+		usedmask[n] |=  r->mask;
+		return s;
+	}
+}
+static Symbol askreg(Symbol rs, unsigned rmask[]) {
+	int i;
+
+	if (rs->x.wildcard == NULL)
+		return askfixedreg(rs);
+	for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+		Symbol r = rs->x.wildcard[i];
+		if (r != NULL
+		&& !(r->x.regnode->mask&~rmask[r->x.regnode->set])
+		&& askfixedreg(r))
+			return r;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static Symbol getreg(Symbol s, unsigned mask[], Node p) {
+	Symbol r = askreg(s, mask);
+	if (r == NULL) {
+		r = spillee(s, mask, p);
+		assert(r && r->x.regnode);
+		spill(r->x.regnode->mask, r->x.regnode->set, p);
+		r = askreg(s, mask);
+	}
+	assert(r && r->x.regnode);
+	r->x.regnode->vbl = NULL;
+	return r;
+}
+int askregvar(Symbol p, Symbol regs) {
+	Symbol r;
+
+	assert(p);
+	if (p->sclass != REGISTER)
+		return 0;
+	else if (!isscalar(p->type)) {
+		p->sclass = AUTO;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (p->temporary) {
+		p->x.name = "?";
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else if ((r = askreg(regs, vmask)) != NULL) {
+		p->x.regnode = r->x.regnode;
+		p->x.regnode->vbl = p;
+		p->x.name = r->x.name;
+		debug(dumpregs("(allocating %s to symbol %s)\n", p->x.name, p->name));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		p->sclass = AUTO;
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+static void linearize(Node p, Node next) {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids) && p->x.kids[i]; i++)
+		linearize(p->x.kids[i], next);
+	relink(next->x.prev, p);
+	relink(p, next);
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(listing %x)\n", p));
+}
+static void ralloc(Node p) {
+	int i;
+	unsigned mask[2];
+
+	mask[0] = tmask[0];
+	mask[1] = tmask[1];
+	assert(p);
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(rallocing %x)\n", p));
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids) && p->x.kids[i]; i++) {
+		Node kid = p->x.kids[i];
+		Symbol r = kid->syms[RX];
+		assert(r && kid->x.registered);
+		if (r->sclass != REGISTER && r->x.lastuse == kid)
+			putreg(r);
+	}
+	if (!p->x.registered && NeedsReg[opindex(p->op)]
+	&& (*IR->x.rmap)(opkind(p->op))) {
+		Symbol sym = p->syms[RX], set = sym;
+		assert(sym);
+		if (sym->temporary)
+			set = (*IR->x.rmap)(opkind(p->op));
+		assert(set);
+		if (set->sclass != REGISTER) {
+			Symbol r;
+			if (*IR->x._templates[getrule(p, p->x.inst)] == '?')
+				for (i = 1; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids) && p->x.kids[i]; i++) {
+					Symbol r = p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX];
+					assert(p->x.kids[i]->x.registered);
+					assert(r && r->x.regnode);
+					assert(sym->x.wildcard || sym != r);
+					mask[r->x.regnode->set] &= ~r->x.regnode->mask;
+				}
+			r = getreg(set, mask, p);
+			if (sym->temporary) {
+				Node q;
+				r->x.lastuse = sym->x.lastuse;
+				for (q = sym->x.lastuse; q; q = q->x.prevuse) {
+					q->syms[RX] = r;
+					q->x.registered = 1;
+					if (sym->u.t.cse && q->x.copy)
+						q->x.equatable = 1;
+				}
+			} else {
+				p->syms[RX] = r;
+				r->x.lastuse = p;
+			}
+			debug(dumpregs("(allocating %s to node %x)\n", r->x.name, (char *) p));
+		}
+	}
+	p->x.registered = 1;
+	(*IR->x.clobber)(p);
+}
+static Symbol spillee(Symbol set, unsigned mask[], Node here) {
+	Symbol bestreg = NULL;
+	int bestdist = -1, i;
+
+	assert(set);
+	if (!set->x.wildcard)
+		bestreg = set;
+	else {
+		for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+			Symbol ri = set->x.wildcard[i];
+			if (
+				ri != NULL &&
+				ri->x.lastuse &&
+				(ri->x.regnode->mask&tmask[ri->x.regnode->set]&mask[ri->x.regnode->set])
+			) {
+				Regnode rn = ri->x.regnode;
+				Node q = here;
+				int dist = 0;
+				for (; q && !uses(q, rn); q = q->x.next)
+					dist++;
+				if (q && dist > bestdist) {
+					bestdist = dist;
+					bestreg = ri;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	assert(bestreg); /* Must be able to spill something. Reconfigure the register allocator
+		to ensure that we can allocate a register for all nodes without spilling
+		the node's necessary input regs. */	
+	assert(bestreg->x.regnode->vbl == NULL); /* Can't spill register variables because
+		the reload site might be in other blocks. Reconfigure the register allocator
+		to ensure that this register is never allocated to a variable. */
+	return bestreg;
+}
+static int uses(Node p, Regnode rn) {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids); i++)
+		if (
+			p->x.kids[i] &&
+			p->x.kids[i]->x.registered &&
+			rn->set == p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX]->x.regnode->set &&
+			(rn->mask&p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX]->x.regnode->mask)
+		)
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+static void spillr(Symbol r, Node here) {
+	int i;
+	Symbol tmp;
+	Node p = r->x.lastuse;
+	assert(p);
+	while (p->x.prevuse)
+		assert(r == p->syms[RX]),
+		p = p->x.prevuse;
+	assert(p->x.registered && !readsreg(p));
+	tmp = newtemp(AUTO, optype(p->op), opsize(p->op));
+	genspill(r, p, tmp);
+	for (p = here->x.next; p; p = p->x.next)
+		for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids) && p->x.kids[i]; i++) {
+			Node k = p->x.kids[i];
+			if (k->x.registered && k->syms[RX] == r)
+				genreload(p, tmp, i);
+		}
+	putreg(r);
+}
+static void genspill(Symbol r, Node last, Symbol tmp) {
+	Node p, q;
+	Symbol s;
+	unsigned ty;
+
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(spilling %s to local %s)\n", r->x.name, tmp->x.name));
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(genspill: "));
+	debug(dumptree(last));
+	debug(fprint(stderr, ")\n"));
+	ty = opkind(last->op);
+	NEW0(s, FUNC);
+	s->sclass = REGISTER;
+	s->name = s->x.name = r->x.name;
+	s->x.regnode = r->x.regnode;
+	q = newnode(ADDRL+P + sizeop(IR->ptrmetric.size), NULL, NULL, s);
+	q = newnode(INDIR + ty, q, NULL, NULL);
+	p = newnode(ADDRL+P + sizeop(IR->ptrmetric.size), NULL, NULL, tmp);
+	p = newnode(ASGN + ty, p, q, NULL);
+	p->x.spills = 1;
+	rewrite(p);
+	prune(p, &q);
+	q = last->x.next;
+	linearize(p, q);
+	for (p = last->x.next; p != q; p = p->x.next) {
+		ralloc(p);
+		assert(!p->x.listed || !NeedsReg[opindex(p->op)] || !(*IR->x.rmap)(opkind(p->op)));
+	}
+}
+
+static void genreload(Node p, Symbol tmp, int i) {
+	Node q;
+	int ty;
+
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(replacing %x with a reload from %s)\n", p->x.kids[i], tmp->x.name));
+	debug(fprint(stderr, "(genreload: "));
+	debug(dumptree(p->x.kids[i]));
+	debug(fprint(stderr, ")\n"));
+	ty = opkind(p->x.kids[i]->op);
+	q = newnode(ADDRL+P + sizeop(IR->ptrmetric.size), NULL, NULL, tmp);
+	p->x.kids[i] = newnode(INDIR + ty, q, NULL, NULL);
+	rewrite(p->x.kids[i]);
+	prune(p->x.kids[i], &q);
+	reprune(&p->kids[1], reprune(&p->kids[0], 0, i, p), i, p);
+	prune(p, &q);
+	linearize(p->x.kids[i], p);
+}
+static int reprune(Node *pp, int k, int n, Node p) {
+	struct node x, *q = *pp;
+
+	if (q == NULL || k > n)
+		return k;
+	else if (q->x.inst == 0)
+		return reprune(&q->kids[1],
+			reprune(&q->kids[0], k, n, p), n, p);
+	if (k == n) {
+		debug(fprint(stderr, "(reprune changes %x from %x to %x)\n", pp, *pp, p->x.kids[n]));
+		*pp = p->x.kids[n];
+		x = *p;
+		(IR->x.target)(&x);
+	}
+	return k + 1;
+}
+void spill(unsigned mask, int n, Node here) {
+	int i;
+	Node p;
+
+	here->x.spills = 1;
+	usedmask[n] |= mask;
+	if (mask&~freemask[n]) {
+
+		assert( /* It makes no sense for a node to clobber() its target. */
+			here->x.registered == 0 || /* call isn't coming through clobber() */
+			here->syms[RX] == NULL ||
+			here->syms[RX]->x.regnode == NULL ||
+			here->syms[RX]->x.regnode->set != n ||
+			(here->syms[RX]->x.regnode->mask&mask) == 0
+		);
+
+		for (p = here; p; p = p->x.next)
+			for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->x.kids) && p->x.kids[i]; i++) {
+				Symbol r = p->x.kids[i]->syms[RX];
+				assert(r);
+				if (p->x.kids[i]->x.registered && r->x.regnode->set == n
+				&& r->x.regnode->mask&mask)
+					spillr(r, here);
+			}
+	}
+}
+static void dumpregs(char *msg, char *a, char *b) {
+	fprint(stderr, msg, a, b);
+	fprint(stderr, "(free[0]=%x)\n", freemask[0]);
+	fprint(stderr, "(free[1]=%x)\n", freemask[1]);
+}
+
+int getregnum(Node p) {
+	assert(p && p->syms[RX] && p->syms[RX]->x.regnode);
+	return p->syms[RX]->x.regnode->number;
+}
+
+
+unsigned regloc(Symbol p) {
+	assert(p && p->sclass == REGISTER && p->sclass == REGISTER && p->x.regnode);
+	return p->x.regnode->set<<8 | p->x.regnode->number;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/init.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/init.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..172d7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/init.c
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static int curseg;		/* current segment */
+
+/* defpointer - initialize a pointer to p or to 0 if p==0 */
+void defpointer(Symbol p) {
+	if (p) {
+		(*IR->defaddress)(p);
+		p->ref++;
+	} else {
+		static Value v;
+		(*IR->defconst)(P, voidptype->size, v);
+	}
+}
+
+/* genconst - generate/check constant expression e; return size */
+static int genconst(Tree e, int def) {
+	for (;;)
+		switch (generic(e->op)) {
+		case ADDRG:
+			if (def)
+				(*IR->defaddress)(e->u.sym);
+			return e->type->size;
+		case CNST:
+			if (e->op == CNST+P && isarray(e->type)) {
+				e = cvtconst(e);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (def)
+				(*IR->defconst)(e->type->op, e->type->size, e->u.v);
+			return e->type->size;
+		case RIGHT:
+			assert(e->kids[0] || e->kids[1]);
+			if (e->kids[1] && e->kids[0])
+				error("initializer must be constant\n");
+			e = e->kids[1] ? e->kids[1] : e->kids[0];
+			continue;
+		case CVP:
+			if (isarith(e->type))
+				error("cast from `%t' to `%t' is illegal in constant expressions\n",
+					e->kids[0]->type, e->type);
+			/* fall thru */
+		case CVI: case CVU: case CVF:
+			e = e->kids[0];
+			continue;
+		default:
+			error("initializer must be constant\n");
+			if (def)
+				genconst(consttree(0, inttype), def);
+			return inttype->size;
+		}
+}
+
+/* initvalue - evaluate a constant expression for a value of integer type ty */
+static Tree initvalue(Type ty) {
+	Type aty;
+	Tree e;
+
+	needconst++;
+	e = expr1(0);
+	if ((aty = assign(ty, e)) != NULL)
+		e = cast(e, aty);
+	else {
+		error("invalid initialization type; found `%t' expected `%t'\n",
+			e->type,  ty);
+		e = retype(consttree(0, inttype), ty);
+	}
+	needconst--;
+	if (generic(e->op) != CNST) {
+		error("initializer must be constant\n");
+		e = retype(consttree(0, inttype), ty);
+	}
+	return e;
+}
+
+/* initarray - initialize array of ty of <= len bytes; if len == 0, go to } */
+static int initarray(int len, Type ty, int lev) {
+	int n = 0;
+
+	do {
+		initializer(ty, lev);
+		n += ty->size;
+		if ((len > 0 && n >= len) || t != ',')
+			break;
+		t = gettok();
+	} while (t != '}');
+	return n;
+}
+
+/* initchar - initialize array of <= len ty characters; if len == 0, go to } */
+static int initchar(int len, Type ty) {
+	int n = 0;
+	char buf[16], *s = buf;
+
+	do {
+		*s++ = initvalue(ty)->u.v.i;
+		if (++n%inttype->size == 0) {
+			(*IR->defstring)(inttype->size, buf);
+			s = buf;
+		}
+		if ((len > 0 && n >= len) || t != ',')
+			break;
+		t = gettok();
+	} while (t != '}');
+	if (s > buf)
+		(*IR->defstring)(s - buf, buf);
+	return n;
+}
+
+/* initend - finish off an initialization at level lev; accepts trailing comma */
+static void initend(int lev, char follow[]) {
+	if (lev == 0 && t == ',')
+		t = gettok();
+	test('}', follow);
+}
+
+/* initfields - initialize <= an unsigned's worth of bit fields in fields p to q */
+static int initfields(Field p, Field q) {
+	unsigned int bits = 0;
+	int i, n = 0;
+
+	do {
+		i = initvalue(inttype)->u.v.i;
+		if (fieldsize(p) < 8*p->type->size) {
+			if ((p->type == inttype &&
+			   (i < -(int)(fieldmask(p)>>1)-1 || i > (int)(fieldmask(p)>>1)))
+			||  (p->type == unsignedtype && (i&~fieldmask(p)) !=  0))
+				warning("initializer exceeds bit-field width\n");
+			i &= fieldmask(p);
+		}
+		bits |= i<<fieldright(p);
+		if (IR->little_endian) {
+			if (fieldsize(p) + fieldright(p) > n)
+				n = fieldsize(p) + fieldright(p);
+		} else {
+			if (fieldsize(p) + fieldleft(p) > n)
+				n = fieldsize(p) + fieldleft(p);
+		}
+		if (p->link == q)
+			break;
+		p = p->link;
+	} while (t == ',' && (t = gettok()) != 0);
+	n = (n + 7)/8;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		Value v;
+		if (IR->little_endian) {
+			v.u = (unsigned char)bits;
+			bits >>= 8;
+		} else {	/* a big endian */
+			v.u = (unsigned char)(bits>>(8*(unsignedtype->size - 1)));
+			bits <<= 8;
+		}
+		(*IR->defconst)(U, unsignedchar->size, v);
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+/* initstruct - initialize a struct ty of <= len bytes; if len == 0, go to } */
+static int initstruct(int len, Type ty, int lev) {
+	int a, n = 0;
+	Field p = ty->u.sym->u.s.flist;
+
+	do {
+		if (p->offset > n) {
+			(*IR->space)(p->offset - n);
+			n += p->offset - n;
+		}
+		if (p->lsb) {
+			Field q = p;
+			while (q->link && q->link->offset == p->offset)
+				q = q->link;
+			n += initfields(p, q->link);
+			p = q;
+		} else {
+			initializer(p->type, lev);
+			n += p->type->size;
+		}
+		if (p->link) {
+			p = p->link;
+			a = p->type->align;
+		} else
+			a = ty->align;
+		if (a && n%a) {
+			(*IR->space)(a - n%a);
+			n = roundup(n, a);
+		}
+		if ((len > 0 && n >= len) || t != ',')
+			break;
+		t = gettok();
+	} while (t != '}');
+	return n;
+}
+
+/* initializer - constexpr | { constexpr ( , constexpr )* [ , ] } */
+Type initializer(Type ty, int lev) {
+	int n = 0;
+	Tree e;
+	Type aty = NULL;
+	static char follow[] = { IF, CHAR, STATIC, 0 };
+
+	ty = unqual(ty);
+	if (isscalar(ty)) {
+		needconst++;
+		if (t == '{') {
+			t = gettok();
+			e = expr1(0);
+			initend(lev, follow);
+		} else
+			e = expr1(0);
+		e = pointer(e);
+		if ((aty = assign(ty, e)) != NULL)
+			e = cast(e, aty);
+		else
+			error("invalid initialization type; found `%t' expected `%t'\n",
+				e->type, ty);
+		n = genconst(e, 1);
+		deallocate(STMT);
+		needconst--;
+	}
+	if ((isunion(ty) || isstruct(ty)) && ty->size == 0) {
+		static char follow[] = { CHAR, STATIC, 0 };
+		error("cannot initialize undefined `%t'\n", ty);
+		skipto(';', follow);
+		return ty;
+	} else if (isunion(ty)) {
+		if (t == '{') {
+			t = gettok();
+			n = initstruct(ty->u.sym->u.s.flist->type->size, ty, lev + 1);
+			initend(lev, follow);
+		} else {
+			if (lev == 0)
+				error("missing { in initialization of `%t'\n", ty);
+			n = initstruct(ty->u.sym->u.s.flist->type->size, ty, lev + 1);
+		}
+	} else if (isstruct(ty)) {
+		if (t == '{') {
+			t = gettok();
+			n = initstruct(0, ty, lev + 1);
+			test('}', follow);
+		} else if (lev > 0)
+			n = initstruct(ty->size, ty, lev + 1);
+		else {
+			error("missing { in initialization of `%t'\n", ty);
+			n = initstruct(ty->u.sym->u.s.flist->type->size, ty, lev + 1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (isarray(ty))
+		aty = unqual(ty->type);
+	if (isarray(ty) && ischar(aty)) {
+		if (t == SCON) {
+			if (ty->size > 0 && ty->size == tsym->type->size - 1)
+				tsym->type = array(chartype, ty->size, 0);
+			n = tsym->type->size;
+			(*IR->defstring)(tsym->type->size, tsym->u.c.v.p);
+			t = gettok();
+		} else if (t == '{') {
+			t = gettok();
+			if (t == SCON) {
+				ty = initializer(ty, lev + 1);
+				initend(lev, follow);
+				return ty;
+			}
+			n = initchar(0, aty);
+			test('}', follow);
+		} else if (lev > 0 && ty->size > 0)
+			n = initchar(ty->size, aty);
+		else {	/* eg, char c[] = 0; */
+			error("missing { in initialization of `%t'\n", ty);
+			n = initchar(1, aty);
+		}
+	} else if (isarray(ty)) {
+		if (t == SCON && aty == widechar) {
+			int i;
+			unsigned int *s = tsym->u.c.v.p;
+			if (ty->size > 0 && ty->size == tsym->type->size - widechar->size)
+				tsym->type = array(widechar, ty->size/widechar->size, 0);
+			n = tsym->type->size;
+			for (i = 0; i < n; i += widechar->size) {
+				Value v;
+				v.u = *s++;
+				(*IR->defconst)(widechar->op, widechar->size, v);
+			}
+			t = gettok();
+		} else if (t == '{') {
+			t = gettok();
+			if (t == SCON && aty == widechar) {
+				ty = initializer(ty, lev + 1);
+				initend(lev, follow);
+				return ty;
+			}
+			n = initarray(0, aty, lev + 1);
+			test('}', follow);
+		} else if (lev > 0 && ty->size > 0)
+			n = initarray(ty->size, aty, lev + 1);
+		else {
+			error("missing { in initialization of `%t'\n", ty);
+			n = initarray(aty->size, aty, lev + 1);
+		}
+	}	
+	if (ty->size) {
+		if (n > ty->size)
+			error("too many initializers\n");
+		else if (n < ty->size)
+			(*IR->space)(ty->size - n);
+	} else if (isarray(ty) && ty->type->size > 0)
+		ty = array(ty->type, n/ty->type->size, 0);
+	else
+		ty->size = n;
+	return ty;
+}
+
+/* swtoseg - switch to segment seg, if necessary */
+void swtoseg(int seg) {
+	if (curseg != seg)
+		(*IR->segment)(seg);
+	curseg = seg;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/inits.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/inits.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c42f61e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/inits.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void init(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	{extern void input_init(int, char *[]); input_init(argc, argv);}
+	{extern void main_init(int, char *[]); main_init(argc, argv);}
+	{extern void prof_init(int, char *[]); prof_init(argc, argv);}
+	{extern void trace_init(int, char *[]); trace_init(argc, argv);}
+	{extern void type_init(int, char *[]); type_init(argc, argv);}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/input.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/input.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2a084e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/input.c
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static void pragma(void);
+static void resynch(void);
+
+static int bsize;
+static unsigned char buffer[MAXLINE+1 + BUFSIZE+1];
+unsigned char *cp;	/* current input character */
+char *file;		/* current input file name */
+char *firstfile;	/* first input file */
+unsigned char *limit;	/* points to last character + 1 */
+char *line;		/* current line */
+int lineno;		/* line number of current line */
+
+void nextline(void) {
+	do {
+		if (cp >= limit) {
+			fillbuf();
+			if (cp >= limit)
+				cp = limit;
+			if (cp == limit)
+				return;
+		} else {
+			lineno++;
+			for (line = (char *)cp; *cp==' ' || *cp=='\t'; cp++)
+				;
+			if (*cp == '#') {
+				resynch();
+				nextline();
+			}
+		}
+	} while (*cp == '\n' && cp == limit);
+}
+void fillbuf(void) {
+	if (bsize == 0)
+		return;
+	if (cp >= limit)
+		cp = &buffer[MAXLINE+1];
+	else
+		{
+			int n = limit - cp;
+			unsigned char *s = &buffer[MAXLINE+1] - n;
+			assert(s >= buffer);
+			line = (char *)s - ((char *)cp - line);
+			while (cp < limit)
+				*s++ = *cp++;
+			cp = &buffer[MAXLINE+1] - n;
+		}
+	if (feof(stdin))
+		bsize = 0;
+	else
+		bsize = fread(&buffer[MAXLINE+1], 1, BUFSIZE, stdin);
+	if (bsize < 0) {
+		error("read error\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	limit = &buffer[MAXLINE+1+bsize];
+	*limit = '\n';
+}
+void input_init(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	static int inited;
+
+	if (inited)
+		return;
+	inited = 1;
+	main_init(argc, argv);
+	limit = cp = &buffer[MAXLINE+1];
+	bsize = -1;
+	lineno = 0;
+	file = NULL;
+	fillbuf();
+	if (cp >= limit)
+		cp = limit;
+	nextline();
+}
+
+/* pragma - handle #pragma ref id... */
+static void pragma(void) {
+	if ((t = gettok()) == ID && strcmp(token, "ref") == 0)
+		for (;;) {
+			while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t')
+				cp++;
+			if (*cp == '\n' || *cp == 0)
+				break;
+			if ((t = gettok()) == ID && tsym) {
+				tsym->ref++;
+				use(tsym, src);
+			}	
+		}
+}
+
+/* resynch - set line number/file name in # n [ "file" ] and #pragma ... */
+static void resynch(void) {
+	for (cp++; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; )
+		cp++;
+	if (limit - cp < MAXLINE)
+		fillbuf();
+	if (strncmp((char *)cp, "pragma", 6) == 0) {
+		cp += 6;
+		pragma();
+	} else if (*cp >= '0' && *cp <= '9') {
+	line:	for (lineno = 0; *cp >= '0' && *cp <= '9'; )
+			lineno = 10*lineno + *cp++ - '0';
+		lineno--;
+		while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t')
+			cp++;
+		if (*cp == '"') {
+			file = (char *)++cp;
+			while (*cp && *cp != '"' && *cp != '\n')
+				cp++;
+			file = stringn(file, (char *)cp - file);
+			if (*cp == '\n')
+				warning("missing \" in preprocessor line\n");
+			if (firstfile == 0)
+				firstfile = file;
+		}
+	} else if (strncmp((char *)cp, "line", 4) == 0) {
+		for (cp += 4; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; )
+			cp++;
+		if (*cp >= '0' && *cp <= '9')
+			goto line;
+		if (Aflag >= 2)
+			warning("unrecognized control line\n");
+	} else if (Aflag >= 2 && *cp != '\n')
+		warning("unrecognized control line\n");
+	while (*cp)
+		if (*cp++ == '\n') {
+			if (cp == limit + 1)
+				nextline();
+			else
+				break;
+		}
+}
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/lex.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/lex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec2f1ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/lex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+#include "c.h"
+#include <float.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+
+#define MAXTOKEN 32
+
+enum { BLANK=01,  NEWLINE=02, LETTER=04,
+       DIGIT=010, HEX=020,    OTHER=040 };
+
+static unsigned char map[256] = { /* 000 nul */	0,
+				   /* 001 soh */	0,
+				   /* 002 stx */	0,
+				   /* 003 etx */	0,
+				   /* 004 eot */	0,
+				   /* 005 enq */	0,
+				   /* 006 ack */	0,
+				   /* 007 bel */	0,
+				   /* 010 bs  */	0,
+				   /* 011 ht  */	BLANK,
+				   /* 012 nl  */	NEWLINE,
+				   /* 013 vt  */	BLANK,
+				   /* 014 ff  */	BLANK,
+				   /* 015 cr  */	0,
+				   /* 016 so  */	0,
+				   /* 017 si  */	0,
+				   /* 020 dle */	0,
+				   /* 021 dc1 */	0,
+				   /* 022 dc2 */	0,
+				   /* 023 dc3 */	0,
+				   /* 024 dc4 */	0,
+				   /* 025 nak */	0,
+				   /* 026 syn */	0,
+				   /* 027 etb */	0,
+				   /* 030 can */	0,
+				   /* 031 em  */	0,
+				   /* 032 sub */	0,
+				   /* 033 esc */	0,
+				   /* 034 fs  */	0,
+				   /* 035 gs  */	0,
+				   /* 036 rs  */	0,
+				   /* 037 us  */	0,
+				   /* 040 sp  */	BLANK,
+				   /* 041 !   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 042 "   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 043 #   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 044 $   */	0,
+				   /* 045 %   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 046 &   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 047 '   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 050 (   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 051 )   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 052 *   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 053 +   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 054 ,   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 055 -   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 056 .   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 057 /   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 060 0   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 061 1   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 062 2   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 063 3   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 064 4   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 065 5   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 066 6   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 067 7   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 070 8   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 071 9   */	DIGIT,
+				   /* 072 :   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 073 ;   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 074 <   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 075 =   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 076 >   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 077 ?   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 100 @   */	0,
+				   /* 101 A   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 102 B   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 103 C   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 104 D   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 105 E   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 106 F   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 107 G   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 110 H   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 111 I   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 112 J   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 113 K   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 114 L   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 115 M   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 116 N   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 117 O   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 120 P   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 121 Q   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 122 R   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 123 S   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 124 T   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 125 U   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 126 V   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 127 W   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 130 X   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 131 Y   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 132 Z   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 133 [   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 134 \   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 135 ]   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 136 ^   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 137 _   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 140 `   */	0,
+				   /* 141 a   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 142 b   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 143 c   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 144 d   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 145 e   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 146 f   */	LETTER|HEX,
+				   /* 147 g   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 150 h   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 151 i   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 152 j   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 153 k   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 154 l   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 155 m   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 156 n   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 157 o   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 160 p   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 161 q   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 162 r   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 163 s   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 164 t   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 165 u   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 166 v   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 167 w   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 170 x   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 171 y   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 172 z   */	LETTER,
+				   /* 173 {   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 174 |   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 175 }   */	OTHER,
+				   /* 176 ~   */	OTHER, };
+static struct symbol tval;
+static char cbuf[BUFSIZE+1];
+static unsigned int wcbuf[BUFSIZE+1];
+
+Coordinate src;		/* current source coordinate */
+int t;
+char *token;		/* current token */
+Symbol tsym;		/* symbol table entry for current token */
+
+static void *cput(int c, void *cl);
+static void *wcput(int c, void *cl);
+static void *scon(int q, void *put(int c, void *cl), void *cl);
+static int backslash(int q);
+static Symbol fcon(void);
+static Symbol icon(unsigned long, int, int);
+static void ppnumber(char *);
+
+int gettok(void) {
+	for (;;) {
+		register unsigned char *rcp = cp;
+		while (map[*rcp]&BLANK)
+			rcp++;
+		if (limit - rcp < MAXTOKEN) {
+			cp = rcp;
+			fillbuf();
+			rcp = cp;
+		}
+		src.file = file;
+		src.x = (char *)rcp - line;
+		src.y = lineno;
+		cp = rcp + 1;
+		switch (*rcp++) {
+		case '/': if (*rcp == '*') {
+			  	int c = 0;
+			  	for (rcp++; *rcp != '/' || c != '*'; )
+			  		if (map[*rcp]&NEWLINE) {
+			  			if (rcp < limit)
+			  				c = *rcp;
+			  			cp = rcp + 1;
+			  			nextline();
+			  			rcp = cp;
+			  			if (rcp == limit)
+			  				break;
+			  		} else
+			  			c = *rcp++;
+			  	if (rcp < limit)
+			  		rcp++;
+			  	else
+			  		error("unclosed comment\n");
+			  	cp = rcp;
+			  	continue;
+			  }
+			  return '/';
+		case '<':
+			if (*rcp == '=') return cp++, LEQ;
+			if (*rcp == '<') return cp++, LSHIFT;
+			return '<';
+		case '>':
+			if (*rcp == '=') return cp++, GEQ;
+			if (*rcp == '>') return cp++, RSHIFT;
+			return '>';
+		case '-':
+			if (*rcp == '>') return cp++, DEREF;
+			if (*rcp == '-') return cp++, DECR;
+			return '-';
+		case '=': return *rcp == '=' ? cp++, EQL    : '=';
+		case '!': return *rcp == '=' ? cp++, NEQ    : '!';
+		case '|': return *rcp == '|' ? cp++, OROR   : '|';
+		case '&': return *rcp == '&' ? cp++, ANDAND : '&';
+		case '+': return *rcp == '+' ? cp++, INCR   : '+';
+		case ';': case ',': case ':':
+		case '*': case '~': case '%': case '^': case '?':
+		case '[': case ']': case '{': case '}': case '(': case ')': 
+			return rcp[-1];
+		case '\n': case '\v': case '\r': case '\f':
+			nextline();
+			if (cp == limit) {
+				tsym = NULL;
+				return EOI;
+			}
+			continue;
+
+		case 'i':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'f'
+			&& !(map[rcp[1]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 1;
+				return IF;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 't'
+			&& !(map[rcp[2]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 2;
+				tsym = inttype->u.sym;
+				return INT;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'h': case 'j': case 'k': case 'm': case 'n': case 'o':
+		case 'p': case 'q': case 'x': case 'y': case 'z':
+		case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F':
+		case 'G': case 'H': case 'I': case 'J': case 'K':
+		case 'M': case 'N': case 'O': case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R':
+		case 'S': case 'T': case 'U': case 'V': case 'W': case 'X':
+		case 'Y': case 'Z':
+		id:
+			if (limit - rcp < MAXLINE) {
+				cp = rcp - 1;
+				fillbuf();
+				rcp = ++cp;
+			}
+			assert(cp == rcp);
+			token = (char *)rcp - 1;
+			while (map[*rcp]&(DIGIT|LETTER))
+				rcp++;
+			token = stringn(token, (char *)rcp - token);
+			tsym = lookup(token, identifiers);
+			cp = rcp;
+			return ID;
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
+			unsigned long n = 0;
+			if (limit - rcp < MAXLINE) {
+				cp = rcp - 1;
+				fillbuf();
+				rcp = ++cp;
+			}
+			assert(cp == rcp);
+			token = (char *)rcp - 1;
+			if (*token == '0' && (*rcp == 'x' || *rcp == 'X')) {
+				int d, overflow = 0;
+				while (*++rcp) {
+					if (map[*rcp]&DIGIT)
+						d = *rcp - '0';
+					else if (*rcp >= 'a' && *rcp <= 'f')
+						d = *rcp - 'a' + 10;
+					else if (*rcp >= 'A' && *rcp <= 'F')
+						d = *rcp - 'A' + 10;
+					else
+						break;
+					if (n&~(~0UL >> 4))
+						overflow = 1;
+					else
+						n = (n<<4) + d;
+				}
+				if ((char *)rcp - token <= 2)
+					error("invalid hexadecimal constant `%S'\n", token, (char *)rcp-token);
+				cp = rcp;
+				tsym = icon(n, overflow, 16);
+			} else if (*token == '0') {
+				int err = 0, overflow = 0;
+				for ( ; map[*rcp]&DIGIT; rcp++) {
+					if (*rcp == '8' || *rcp == '9')
+						err = 1;
+					if (n&~(~0UL >> 3))
+						overflow = 1;
+					else
+						n = (n<<3) + (*rcp - '0');
+				}
+				if (*rcp == '.' || *rcp == 'e' || *rcp == 'E') {
+					cp = rcp;
+					tsym = fcon();
+					return FCON;
+				}
+				cp = rcp;
+				tsym = icon(n, overflow, 8);
+				if (err)
+					error("invalid octal constant `%S'\n", token, (char*)cp-token);
+			} else {
+				int overflow = 0;
+				for (n = *token - '0'; map[*rcp]&DIGIT; ) {
+					int d = *rcp++ - '0';
+					if (n > (ULONG_MAX - d)/10)
+						overflow = 1;
+					else
+						n = 10*n + d;
+				}
+				if (*rcp == '.' || *rcp == 'e' || *rcp == 'E') {
+					cp = rcp;
+					tsym = fcon();
+					return FCON;
+				}
+				cp = rcp;
+				tsym = icon(n, overflow, 10);
+			}
+			return ICON;
+		}
+		case '.':
+			if (rcp[0] == '.' && rcp[1] == '.') {
+				cp += 2;
+				return ELLIPSIS;
+			}
+			if ((map[*rcp]&DIGIT) == 0)
+				return '.';
+			if (limit - rcp < MAXLINE) {
+				cp = rcp - 1;
+				fillbuf();
+				rcp = ++cp;
+			}
+			assert(cp == rcp);
+			cp = rcp - 1;
+			token = (char *)cp;
+			tsym = fcon();
+			return FCON;
+		case 'L':
+			if (*rcp == '\'') {
+				unsigned int *s = scon(*cp, wcput, wcbuf);
+				if (s - wcbuf > 2)
+					warning("excess characters in wide-character literal ignored\n");
+				tval.type = widechar;
+				tval.u.c.v.u = wcbuf[0];
+				tsym = &tval;
+				return ICON;
+			} else if (*rcp == '"') {
+				unsigned int *s = scon(*cp, wcput, wcbuf);
+				tval.type = array(widechar, s - wcbuf, 0);
+				tval.u.c.v.p = wcbuf;
+				tsym = &tval;
+				return SCON;
+			} else
+				goto id;
+		case '\'': {
+			char *s = scon(*--cp, cput, cbuf);
+			if (s - cbuf > 2)
+				warning("excess characters in multibyte character literal ignored\n");
+			tval.type = inttype;
+			if (chartype->op == INT)
+				tval.u.c.v.i = extend(cbuf[0], chartype);
+			else
+				tval.u.c.v.i = cbuf[0]&0xFF;
+			tsym = &tval;
+			return ICON;
+			}
+		case '"': {
+			char *s = scon(*--cp, cput, cbuf);
+			tval.type = array(chartype, s - cbuf, 0);
+			tval.u.c.v.p = cbuf;
+			tsym = &tval;
+			return SCON;
+			}
+		case 'a':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'o'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				return AUTO;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'b':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'k'
+			&& !(map[rcp[4]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 4;
+				return BREAK;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'c':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 's'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				return CASE;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'h'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'r'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				tsym = chartype->u.sym;
+				return CHAR;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 's'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 't'
+			&& !(map[rcp[4]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 4;
+				return CONST;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[6] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[7]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 7;
+				return CONTINUE;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'd':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'f'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 't'
+			&& !(map[rcp[6]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 6;
+				return DEFAULT;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'b'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				tsym = doubletype->u.sym;
+				return DOUBLE;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&& !(map[rcp[1]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 1;
+				return DO;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'e':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 's'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				return ELSE;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'm'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				return ENUM;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'x'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'n'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return EXTERN;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'f':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 't'
+			&& !(map[rcp[4]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 4;
+				tsym = floattype->u.sym;
+				return FLOAT;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'r'
+			&& !(map[rcp[2]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 2;
+				return FOR;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'g':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'o'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				return GOTO;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'l':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'g'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				return LONG;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'r':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'g'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 's'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[6] == 'r'
+			&& !(map[rcp[7]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 7;
+				return REGISTER;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'n'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return RETURN;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 's':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'h'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 't'
+			&& !(map[rcp[4]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 4;
+				return SHORT;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'g'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'd'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return SIGNED;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'z'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'f'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return SIZEOF;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'c'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return STATIC;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'u'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'c'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 't'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return STRUCT;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'w'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'c'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'h'
+			&& !(map[rcp[5]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 5;
+				return SWITCH;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 't':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'y'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'p'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'd'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 'f'
+			&& !(map[rcp[6]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 6;
+				return TYPEDEF;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'u':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'n'
+			&& !(map[rcp[4]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 4;
+				return UNION;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 's'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'g'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'n'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[6] == 'd'
+			&& !(map[rcp[7]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 7;
+				return UNSIGNED;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'v':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'd'
+			&& !(map[rcp[3]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 3;
+				tsym = voidtype->u.sym;
+				return VOID;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[6] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[7]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 7;
+				return VOLATILE;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case 'w':
+			if (rcp[0] == 'h'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'l'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[4]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 4;
+				return WHILE;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		case '_':
+			if (rcp[0] == '_'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'y'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'p'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 'e'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 'c'
+			&&  rcp[6] == 'o'
+			&&  rcp[7] == 'd'
+			&&  rcp[8] == 'e'
+			&& !(map[rcp[9]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 9;
+				return TYPECODE;
+			}
+			if (rcp[0] == '_'
+			&&  rcp[1] == 'f'
+			&&  rcp[2] == 'i'
+			&&  rcp[3] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[4] == 's'
+			&&  rcp[5] == 't'
+			&&  rcp[6] == 'a'
+			&&  rcp[7] == 'r'
+			&&  rcp[8] == 'g'
+			&& !(map[rcp[9]]&(DIGIT|LETTER))) {
+				cp = rcp + 9;
+				return FIRSTARG;
+			}
+			goto id;
+		default:
+			if ((map[cp[-1]]&BLANK) == 0) {
+				if (cp[-1] < ' ' || cp[-1] >= 0177)
+					error("illegal character `\\0%o'\n", cp[-1]);
+				else
+					error("illegal character `%c'\n", cp[-1]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+static Symbol icon(unsigned long n, int overflow, int base) {
+	if (((*cp=='u'||*cp=='U') && (cp[1]=='l'||cp[1]=='L'))
+	||  ((*cp=='l'||*cp=='L') && (cp[1]=='u'||cp[1]=='U'))) {
+		tval.type = unsignedlong;
+		cp += 2;
+	} else if (*cp == 'u' || *cp == 'U') {
+		if (overflow || n > unsignedtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+			tval.type = unsignedlong;
+		else
+			tval.type = unsignedtype;
+		cp += 1;
+	} else if (*cp == 'l' || *cp == 'L') {
+		if (overflow || n > longtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+			tval.type = unsignedlong;
+		else
+			tval.type = longtype;
+		cp += 1;
+	} else if (overflow || n > longtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+		tval.type = unsignedlong;
+	else if (n > inttype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+		tval.type = longtype;
+	else if (base != 10 && n > inttype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+		tval.type = unsignedtype;
+	else
+		tval.type = inttype;
+	switch (tval.type->op) {
+	case INT:
+		if (overflow || n > tval.type->u.sym->u.limits.max.i) {
+			warning("overflow in constant `%S'\n", token,
+				(char*)cp - token);
+			tval.u.c.v.i = tval.type->u.sym->u.limits.max.i;
+		} else
+			tval.u.c.v.i = n;
+		break;
+	case UNSIGNED:
+		if (overflow || n > tval.type->u.sym->u.limits.max.u) {
+			warning("overflow in constant `%S'\n", token,
+				(char*)cp - token);
+			tval.u.c.v.u = tval.type->u.sym->u.limits.max.u;
+		} else
+			tval.u.c.v.u = n;
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	ppnumber("integer");
+	return &tval;
+}
+static void ppnumber(char *which) {
+	unsigned char *rcp = cp--;
+
+	for ( ; (map[*cp]&(DIGIT|LETTER)) || *cp == '.'; cp++)
+		if ((cp[0] == 'E' || cp[0] == 'e')
+		&&  (cp[1] == '-' || cp[1] == '+'))
+			cp++;
+	if (cp > rcp)
+		error("`%S' is a preprocessing number but an invalid %s constant\n", token,
+
+			(char*)cp-token, which);
+}
+static Symbol fcon(void) {
+	if (*cp == '.')
+		do
+			cp++;
+		while (map[*cp]&DIGIT);
+	if (*cp == 'e' || *cp == 'E') {
+		if (*++cp == '-' || *cp == '+')
+			cp++;
+		if (map[*cp]&DIGIT)
+			do
+				cp++;
+			while (map[*cp]&DIGIT);
+		else
+			error("invalid floating constant `%S'\n", token,
+				(char*)cp - token);
+	}
+
+	errno = 0;
+	tval.u.c.v.d = strtod(token, NULL);
+	if (errno == ERANGE)
+		warning("overflow in floating constant `%S'\n", token,
+			(char*)cp - token);
+	if (*cp == 'f' || *cp == 'F') {
+		++cp;
+		if (tval.u.c.v.d > floattype->u.sym->u.limits.max.d)
+			warning("overflow in floating constant `%S'\n", token,
+				(char*)cp - token);
+		tval.type = floattype;
+	} else if (*cp == 'l' || *cp == 'L') {
+		cp++;
+		tval.type = longdouble;
+	} else {
+		if (tval.u.c.v.d > doubletype->u.sym->u.limits.max.d)
+			warning("overflow in floating constant `%S'\n", token,
+				(char*)cp - token);
+		tval.type = doubletype;
+	}
+	ppnumber("floating");
+	return &tval;
+}
+
+static void *cput(int c, void *cl) {
+	char *s = cl;
+
+	if (c < 0 || c > 255)
+		warning("overflow in escape sequence with resulting value `%d'\n", c);
+	*s++ = c;
+	return s;
+}
+
+static void *wcput(int c, void *cl) {
+	unsigned int *s = cl;
+
+	*s++ = c;
+	return s;
+}
+
+static void *scon(int q, void *put(int c, void *cl), void *cl) {
+	int n = 0, nbad = 0;
+
+	do {
+		cp++;
+		while (*cp != q) {
+			int c;
+			if (map[*cp]&NEWLINE) {
+				if (cp < limit)
+					break;
+				cp++;
+				nextline();
+				if (cp == limit)
+					break;
+				continue;
+			}
+			c = *cp++;
+			if (c == '\\') {
+				if (map[*cp]&NEWLINE) {
+					if (cp < limit)
+						break;
+					cp++;
+					nextline();
+				}
+				if (limit - cp < MAXTOKEN)
+					fillbuf();
+				c = backslash(q);
+			} else if (c < 0 || c > 255 || map[c] == 0)
+				nbad++;
+			if (n++ < BUFSIZE)
+				cl = put(c, cl);
+		}
+		if (*cp == q)
+			cp++;
+		else
+			error("missing %c\n", q);
+	} while (q == '"' && getchr() == '"');
+	cl = put(0, cl);
+	if (n >= BUFSIZE)
+		error("%s literal too long\n", q == '"' ? "string" : "character");
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && q == '"' && n > 509)
+		warning("more than 509 characters in a string literal\n");
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && nbad > 0)
+		warning("%s literal contains non-portable characters\n",
+			q == '"' ? "string" : "character");
+	return cl;
+}
+int getchr(void) {
+	for (;;) {
+		while (map[*cp]&BLANK)
+			cp++;
+		if (!(map[*cp]&NEWLINE))
+			return *cp;
+		cp++;
+		nextline();
+		if (cp == limit)
+			return EOI;
+	}
+}
+static int backslash(int q) {
+	unsigned int c;
+
+	switch (*cp++) {
+	case 'a': return 7;
+	case 'b': return '\b';
+	case 'f': return '\f';
+	case 'n': return '\n';
+	case 'r': return '\r';
+	case 't': return '\t';
+	case 'v': return '\v';
+	case '\'': case '"': case '\\': case '\?': break;
+	case 'x': {
+		int overflow = 0;
+		if ((map[*cp]&(DIGIT|HEX)) == 0) {
+			if (*cp < ' ' || *cp == 0177)
+				error("ill-formed hexadecimal escape sequence\n");
+			else
+				error("ill-formed hexadecimal escape sequence `\\x%c'\n", *cp);
+			if (*cp != q)
+				cp++;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		for (c = 0; map[*cp]&(DIGIT|HEX); cp++) {
+			if (c >> (8*widechar->size - 4))
+				overflow = 1;
+			if (map[*cp]&DIGIT)
+				c = (c<<4) + *cp - '0';
+			else
+				c = (c<<4) + (*cp&~040) - 'A' + 10;
+		}
+		if (overflow)
+			warning("overflow in hexadecimal escape sequence\n");
+		return c&ones(8*widechar->size);
+		}
+	case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+	case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+		c = *(cp-1) - '0';
+		if (*cp >= '0' && *cp <= '7') {
+			c = (c<<3) + *cp++ - '0';
+			if (*cp >= '0' && *cp <= '7')
+				c = (c<<3) + *cp++ - '0';
+		}
+		return c;
+	default:
+		if (cp[-1] < ' ' || cp[-1] >= 0177)
+			warning("unrecognized character escape sequence\n");
+		else
+			warning("unrecognized character escape sequence `\\%c'\n", cp[-1]);
+	}
+	return cp[-1];
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/list.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e660a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static List freenodes;		/* free list nodes */
+
+/* append - append x to list, return new list */
+List append(void *x, List list) {
+	List new;
+
+	if ((new = freenodes) != NULL)
+		freenodes = freenodes->link;
+	else
+		NEW(new, PERM);
+	if (list) {
+		new->link = list->link;
+		list->link = new;
+	} else
+		new->link = new;
+	new->x = x;
+	return new;
+}
+
+/* length - # elements in list */
+int length(List list) {
+	int n = 0;
+
+	if (list) {
+		List lp = list;
+		do
+			n++;
+		while ((lp = lp->link) != list);
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+/* ltov - convert list to an NULL-terminated vector allocated in arena */
+void *ltov(List *list, unsigned arena) {
+	int i = 0;
+	void **array = newarray(length(*list) + 1, sizeof array[0], arena);
+
+	if (*list) {
+		List lp = *list;
+		do {
+			lp = lp->link;
+			array[i++] = lp->x;
+		} while (lp != *list);
+#ifndef PURIFY
+		lp = (*list)->link;
+		(*list)->link = freenodes;
+		freenodes = lp;
+#endif
+	}
+	*list = NULL;
+	array[i] = NULL;
+	return array;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/main.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b85f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+static char rcsid[] = "main.c - faked rcsid";
+
+static void typestab(Symbol, void *);
+
+static void stabline(Coordinate *);
+static void stabend(Coordinate *, Symbol, Coordinate **, Symbol *, Symbol *);
+Interface *IR = NULL;
+
+int Aflag;		/* >= 0 if -A specified */
+int Pflag;		/* != 0 if -P specified */
+int glevel;		/* == [0-9] if -g[0-9] specified */
+int xref;		/* != 0 for cross-reference data */
+Symbol YYnull;		/* _YYnull  symbol if -n or -nvalidate specified */
+Symbol YYcheck;		/* _YYcheck symbol if -nvalidate,check specified */
+
+static char *comment;
+static Interface stabIR;
+static char *currentfile;       /* current file name */
+static int currentline;		/* current line number */
+static FILE *srcfp;		/* stream for current file, if non-NULL */
+static int srcpos;		/* position of srcfp, if srcfp is non-NULL */
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = argc - 1; i > 0; i--)
+		if (strncmp(argv[i], "-target=", 8) == 0)
+			break;
+	if (i > 0) {
+		char *s = strchr(argv[i], '\\');
+		if (s != NULL)
+			*s = '/';
+		for (j = 0; bindings[j].name && bindings[j].ir; j++)
+			if (strcmp(&argv[i][8], bindings[j].name) == 0) {
+				IR = bindings[j].ir;
+				break;
+			}
+		if (s != NULL)
+			*s = '\\';
+	}
+	if (!IR) {
+		fprint(stderr, "%s: unknown target", argv[0]);
+		if (i > 0)
+			fprint(stderr, " `%s'", &argv[i][8]);
+		fprint(stderr, "; must specify one of\n");
+		for (i = 0; bindings[i].name; i++)
+			fprint(stderr, "\t-target=%s\n", bindings[i].name);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	init(argc, argv);
+	t = gettok();
+	(*IR->progbeg)(argc, argv);
+	if (glevel && IR->stabinit)
+		(*IR->stabinit)(firstfile, argc, argv);
+	program();
+	if (events.end)
+		apply(events.end, NULL, NULL);
+	memset(&events, 0, sizeof events);
+	if (glevel || xref) {
+		Symbol symroot = NULL;
+		Coordinate src;
+		foreach(types,       GLOBAL, typestab, &symroot);
+		foreach(identifiers, GLOBAL, typestab, &symroot);
+		src.file = firstfile;
+		src.x = 0;
+		src.y = lineno;
+		if ((glevel > 2 || xref) && IR->stabend)
+			(*IR->stabend)(&src, symroot,
+				ltov(&loci,    PERM),
+				ltov(&symbols, PERM), NULL);
+		else if (IR->stabend)
+			(*IR->stabend)(&src, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	}
+	finalize();
+	(*IR->progend)();
+	deallocate(PERM);
+	return errcnt > 0;
+}
+/* main_init - process program arguments */
+void main_init(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	char *infile = NULL, *outfile = NULL;
+	int i;
+	static int inited;
+
+	if (inited)
+		return;
+	inited = 1;
+	type_init(argc, argv);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-g") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-g2") == 0)
+			glevel = 2;
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-g", 2) == 0) {	/* -gn[,x] */
+			char *p = strchr(argv[i], ',');
+			glevel = atoi(argv[i]+2);
+			if (p) {
+				comment = p + 1;
+				if (glevel == 0)
+					glevel = 1;
+				if (stabIR.stabline == NULL) {
+					stabIR.stabline = IR->stabline;
+					stabIR.stabend = IR->stabend;
+					IR->stabline = stabline;
+					IR->stabend = stabend;
+				}
+			}	
+		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-x") == 0)
+			xref++;
+		else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-A") == 0) {
+			++Aflag;
+		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-P") == 0)
+			Pflag++;
+		else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-w") == 0)
+			wflag++;
+		else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-n") == 0) {
+			if (!YYnull) {
+				YYnull = install(string("_YYnull"), &globals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+				YYnull->type = func(voidptype, NULL, 1);
+				YYnull->sclass = EXTERN;
+				(*IR->defsymbol)(YYnull);
+			}
+		} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-n", 2) == 0) {	/* -nvalid[,check] */
+			char *p = strchr(argv[i], ',');
+			if (p) {
+				YYcheck = install(string(p+1), &globals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+				YYcheck->type = func(voidptype, NULL, 1);
+				YYcheck->sclass = EXTERN;
+				(*IR->defsymbol)(YYcheck);
+				p = stringn(argv[i]+2, p - (argv[i]+2));
+			} else
+				p = string(argv[i]+2);
+			YYnull = install(p, &globals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+			YYnull->type = func(voidptype, NULL, 1);
+			YYnull->sclass = EXTERN;
+			(*IR->defsymbol)(YYnull);
+		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-v") == 0)
+			fprint(stderr, "%s %s\n", argv[0], rcsid);
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-s", 2) == 0)
+			density = strtod(&argv[i][2], NULL);
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-errout=", 8) == 0) {
+			FILE *f = fopen(argv[i]+8, "w");
+			if (f == NULL) {
+				fprint(stderr, "%s: can't write errors to `%s'\n", argv[0], argv[i]+8);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			fclose(f);
+			f = freopen(argv[i]+8, "w", stderr);
+			assert(f);
+		} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-e", 2) == 0) {
+			int x;
+			if ((x = strtol(&argv[i][2], NULL, 0)) > 0)
+				errlimit = x;
+		} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-little_endian=", 15) == 0)
+			IR->little_endian = argv[i][15] - '0';
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-mulops_calls=", 18) == 0)
+			IR->mulops_calls = argv[i][18] - '0';
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-wants_callb=", 13) == 0)
+			IR->wants_callb = argv[i][13] - '0';
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-wants_argb=", 12) == 0)
+			IR->wants_argb = argv[i][12] - '0';
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-left_to_right=", 15) == 0)
+			IR->left_to_right = argv[i][15] - '0';
+		else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-wants_dag=", 11) == 0)
+			IR->wants_dag = argv[i][11] - '0';
+		else if (*argv[i] != '-' || strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0) {
+			if (infile == NULL)
+				infile = argv[i];
+			else if (outfile == NULL)
+				outfile = argv[i];
+		}
+
+	if (infile != NULL && strcmp(infile, "-") != 0
+	&& freopen(infile, "r", stdin) == NULL) {
+		fprint(stderr, "%s: can't read `%s'\n", argv[0], infile);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	if (outfile != NULL && strcmp(outfile, "-") != 0
+	&& freopen(outfile, "w", stdout) == NULL) {
+		fprint(stderr, "%s: can't write `%s'\n", argv[0], outfile);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+}
+/* typestab - emit stab entries for p */
+static void typestab(Symbol p, void *cl) {
+	if (*(Symbol *)cl == 0 && p->sclass && p->sclass != TYPEDEF)
+		*(Symbol *)cl = p;
+	if ((p->sclass == TYPEDEF || p->sclass == 0) && IR->stabtype)
+		(*IR->stabtype)(p);
+}
+
+/* stabline - emit source code for source coordinate *cp */
+static void stabline(Coordinate *cp) {
+	if (cp->file && cp->file != currentfile) {
+		if (srcfp)
+			fclose(srcfp);
+		currentfile = cp->file;
+		srcfp = fopen(currentfile, "r");
+		srcpos = 0;
+		currentline = 0;
+	}
+	if (currentline != cp->y && srcfp) {
+		char buf[512];
+		if (srcpos > cp->y) {
+			rewind(srcfp);
+			srcpos = 0;
+		}
+		for ( ; srcpos < cp->y; srcpos++)
+			if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, srcfp) == NULL) {
+				fclose(srcfp);
+				srcfp = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
+		if (srcfp && srcpos == cp->y)
+			print("%s%s", comment, buf);
+	}
+	currentline = cp->y;
+	if (stabIR.stabline)
+		(*stabIR.stabline)(cp);
+}
+
+static void stabend(Coordinate *cp, Symbol p, Coordinate **cpp, Symbol *sp, Symbol *stab) {
+	if (stabIR.stabend)
+		(*stabIR.stabend)(cp, p, cpp, sp, stab);
+	if (srcfp)
+		fclose(srcfp);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/null.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/null.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f551c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/null.c
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "c.h"
+#define I(f) null_##f
+
+static Node I(gen)(Node p) { return p; }
+static void I(address)(Symbol q, Symbol p, long n) {}
+static void I(blockbeg)(Env *e) {}
+static void I(blockend)(Env *e) {}
+static void I(defaddress)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(defconst)(int suffix, int size, Value v) {}
+static void I(defstring)(int len, char *s) {}
+static void I(defsymbol)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(emit)(Node p) {}
+static void I(export)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(function)(Symbol f, Symbol caller[], Symbol callee[], int ncalls) {}
+static void I(global)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(import)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(local)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(progbeg)(int argc, char *argv[]) {}
+static void I(progend)(void) {}
+static void I(segment)(int s) {}
+static void I(space)(int n) {}
+static void I(stabblock)(int brace, int lev, Symbol *p) {}
+static void I(stabend)(Coordinate *cp, Symbol p, Coordinate **cpp, Symbol *sp, Symbol *stab) {}
+static void I(stabfend)(Symbol p, int lineno) {}
+static void I(stabinit)(char *file, int argc, char *argv[]) {}
+static void I(stabline)(Coordinate *cp) {}
+static void I(stabsym)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(stabtype)(Symbol p) {}
+
+
+Interface nullIR = {
+	{1, 1, 0},	/* char */
+	{2, 2, 0},	/* short */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* int */
+	{8, 8, 1},	/* long */
+	{8 ,8, 1},	/* long long */
+	{4, 4, 1},	/* float */
+	{8, 8, 1},	/* double */
+	{16,16,1},	/* long double */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* T* */
+	{0, 4, 0},	/* struct */
+	1,		/* little_endian */
+	0,		/* mulops_calls */
+	0,		/* wants_callb */
+	0,		/* wants_argb */
+	1,		/* left_to_right */
+	0,		/* wants_dag */
+	0,		/* unsigned_char */
+	I(address),
+	I(blockbeg),
+	I(blockend),
+	I(defaddress),
+	I(defconst),
+	I(defstring),
+	I(defsymbol),
+	I(emit),
+	I(export),
+	I(function),
+	I(gen),
+	I(global),
+	I(import),
+	I(local),
+	I(progbeg),
+	I(progend),
+	I(segment),
+	I(space),
+	I(stabblock),
+	I(stabend),
+	I(stabfend),
+	I(stabinit),
+	I(stabline),
+	I(stabsym),
+	I(stabtype)
+};
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/output.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/output.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9c93e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/output.c
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static char *outs(const char *str, FILE *f, char *bp) {
+	if (f)
+		fputs(str, f);
+	else
+		while ((*bp = *str++))
+			bp++;
+	return bp;
+}
+
+static char *outd(long n, FILE *f, char *bp) {
+	unsigned long m;
+	char buf[25], *s = buf + sizeof buf;
+
+	*--s = '\0';
+	if (n < 0)
+		m = -n;
+	else
+		m = n;
+	do
+		*--s = m%10 + '0';
+	while ((m /= 10) != 0);
+	if (n < 0)
+		*--s = '-';
+	return outs(s, f, bp);
+}
+
+static char *outu(unsigned long n, int base, FILE *f, char *bp) {
+	char buf[25], *s = buf + sizeof buf;
+
+	*--s = '\0';
+	do
+		*--s = "0123456789abcdef"[n%base];
+	while ((n /= base) != 0);
+	return outs(s, f, bp);
+}
+void print(const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vfprint(stdout, NULL, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+/* fprint - formatted output to  f */
+void fprint(FILE *f, const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vfprint(f, NULL, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/* stringf - formatted output to a saved string */
+char *stringf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+	char buf[1024];
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vfprint(NULL, buf, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return string(buf);
+}
+
+/* vfprint - formatted output to f or string bp */
+void vfprint(FILE *f, char *bp, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
+	for (; *fmt; fmt++)
+		if (*fmt == '%')
+			switch (*++fmt) {
+			case 'd': bp = outd(va_arg(ap, int), f, bp); break;
+			case 'D': bp = outd(va_arg(ap, long), f, bp); break;
+			case 'U': bp = outu(va_arg(ap, unsigned long), 10, f, bp); break;
+			case 'u': bp = outu(va_arg(ap, unsigned), 10, f, bp); break;
+			case 'o': bp = outu(va_arg(ap, unsigned), 8, f, bp); break;
+			case 'X': bp = outu(va_arg(ap, unsigned long), 16, f, bp); break;
+			case 'x': bp = outu(va_arg(ap, unsigned), 16, f, bp); break;
+			case 'f': case 'e':
+			case 'g': {
+				  	static char format[] = "%f";
+				  	char buf[128];
+				  	format[1] = *fmt;
+				  	sprintf(buf, format, va_arg(ap, double));
+				  	bp = outs(buf, f, bp);
+				  }
+; break;
+			case 's': bp = outs(va_arg(ap, char *), f, bp); break;
+			case 'p': {
+				void *p = va_arg(ap, void *);
+				if (p)
+					bp = outs("0x", f, bp);
+				bp = outu((unsigned long)p, 16, f, bp);
+				break;
+				  }
+			case 'c': if (f) fputc(va_arg(ap, int), f); else *bp++ = va_arg(ap, int); break;
+			case 'S': { char *s = va_arg(ap, char *);
+				    int n = va_arg(ap, int);
+				    if (s) {
+				    	for ( ; n-- > 0; s++)
+				    		if (f) (void)putc(*s, f); else *bp++ = *s;
+				    }
+ } break;
+			case 'k': { int t = va_arg(ap, int);
+				    static char *tokens[] = {
+#define xx(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) g,
+#define yy(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) g,
+#include "token.h"
+				    };
+				    assert(tokens[t&0177]);
+				    bp = outs(tokens[t&0177], f, bp);
+ } break;
+			case 't': { Type ty = va_arg(ap, Type);
+				    assert(f);
+				    outtype(ty ? ty : voidtype, f);
+ } break;
+			case 'w': { Coordinate *p = va_arg(ap, Coordinate *);
+				    if (p->file && *p->file) {
+				    	bp = outs(p->file, f, bp);
+				    	bp = outs(":", f, bp);
+				    }
+				    bp = outd(p->y, f, bp);
+ } break;
+			case 'I': { int n = va_arg(ap, int);
+				    while (--n >= 0)
+				    	if (f) (void)putc(' ', f); else *bp++ = ' ';
+ } break;
+			default:  if (f) (void)putc(*fmt, f); else *bp++ = *fmt; break;
+			}
+		else if (f)
+			(void)putc(*fmt, f);
+		else
+			*bp++ = *fmt;
+	if (!f)
+		*bp = '\0';
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/prof.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/prof.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02709ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/prof.c
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+struct callsite {
+	char *file, *name;
+	union coordinate {
+		unsigned int coord;
+		struct { unsigned int y:16,x:10,index:6; } le;
+		struct { unsigned int index:6,x:10,y:16; } be;
+	} u;
+};
+struct func {
+	struct func *link;
+	struct caller *callers;
+	char *name;
+	union coordinate src;
+};
+struct map {		/* source code map; 200 coordinates/map */
+	int size;
+	union coordinate u[200];
+};
+
+int npoints;		/* # of execution points if -b specified */
+int ncalled = -1;	/* #times prof.out says current function was called */
+static Symbol YYlink;	/* symbol for file's struct _bbdata */
+static Symbol YYcounts;	/* symbol for _YYcounts if -b specified */
+static List maplist;	/* list of struct map *'s */
+static List filelist;	/* list of file names */
+static Symbol funclist;	/* list of struct func *'s */
+static Symbol afunc;	/* current function's struct func */
+
+/* bbcall - build tree to set _callsite at call site *cp, emit call site data */
+static void bbcall(Symbol yycounts, Coordinate *cp, Tree *e) {
+	static Symbol caller;
+	Value v;
+	union coordinate u;
+	Symbol p = genident(STATIC, array(voidptype, 0, 0), GLOBAL);
+	Tree t = *e;
+
+	defglobal(p, LIT);
+	defpointer(cp->file ? mkstr(cp->file)->u.c.loc : (Symbol)0);
+	defpointer(mkstr(cfunc->name)->u.c.loc);
+	if (IR->little_endian) {
+		u.le.x = cp->x;
+		u.le.y = cp->y;
+	} else {
+		u.be.x = cp->x;
+		u.be.y = cp->y;
+	}
+	(*IR->defconst)(U, unsignedtype->size, (v.u = u.coord, v));
+	if (caller == 0) {
+		caller = mksymbol(EXTERN, "_caller", ptr(voidptype));
+		caller->defined = 0;
+	}
+	if (generic((*e)->op) != CALL)
+		t = (*e)->kids[0];
+	assert(generic(t->op) == CALL);
+	t = tree(t->op, t->type,
+		tree(RIGHT, t->kids[0]->type,
+			t->kids[0],
+			tree(RIGHT, t->kids[0]->type, asgn(caller, idtree(p)), t->kids[0])),
+		t->kids[1]);
+	if (generic((*e)->op) != CALL)
+		t = tree((*e)->op, (*e)->type, t, (*e)->kids[1]);
+	*e = t;
+}
+
+/* bbentry - return tree for _prologue(&afunc, &YYlink)' */
+static void bbentry(Symbol yylink, Symbol f) {
+	static Symbol prologue;
+	
+	afunc = genident(STATIC, array(voidptype, 4, 0), GLOBAL);
+	if (prologue == 0) {
+		prologue = mksymbol(EXTERN, "_prologue", ftype(inttype, voidptype));
+		prologue->defined = 0;
+	}
+	walk(vcall(prologue, voidtype, pointer(idtree(afunc)), pointer(idtree(yylink)), NULL), 0, 0);
+
+}
+
+/* bbexit - return tree for _epilogue(&afunc)' */
+static void bbexit(Symbol yylink, Symbol f, Tree e) {
+	static Symbol epilogue;
+	
+	if (epilogue == 0) {
+		epilogue = mksymbol(EXTERN, "_epilogue", ftype(inttype, voidptype));
+		epilogue->defined = 0;
+	}
+	walk(vcall(epilogue, voidtype, pointer(idtree(afunc)), NULL), 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* bbfile - add file to list of file names, return its index */
+static int bbfile(char *file) {
+	if (file) {
+		List lp;
+		int i = 1;
+		if ((lp = filelist) != NULL)
+			do {
+				lp = lp->link;
+				if (((Symbol)lp->x)->u.c.v.p == file)
+					return i;
+				i++;
+			} while (lp != filelist);
+		filelist = append(mkstr(file), filelist);
+		return i;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* bbfunc - emit function name and src coordinates */
+static void bbfunc(Symbol yylink, Symbol f) {
+	Value v;
+	union coordinate u;
+
+	defglobal(afunc, DATA);
+	defpointer(funclist);
+	defpointer(NULL);
+	defpointer(mkstr(f->name)->u.c.loc);
+	if (IR->little_endian) {
+		u.le.x = f->u.f.pt.x;
+		u.le.y = f->u.f.pt.y;
+		u.le.index = bbfile(f->u.f.pt.file);
+	} else {
+		u.be.x = f->u.f.pt.x;
+		u.be.y = f->u.f.pt.y;
+		u.be.index = bbfile(f->u.f.pt.file);
+	}
+	(*IR->defconst)(U, unsignedtype->size, (v.u = u.coord, v));
+	funclist = afunc;
+}
+
+/* bbincr - build tree to increment execution point at *cp */
+static void bbincr(Symbol yycounts, Coordinate *cp, Tree *e) {
+	struct map *mp = maplist->x;
+	Tree t;
+
+	/* append *cp to source map */
+	if (mp->size >= NELEMS(mp->u)) {
+		NEW(mp, PERM);
+		mp->size = 0;
+		maplist = append(mp, maplist);
+	}
+	if (IR->little_endian) {
+		mp->u[mp->size].le.x = cp->x;
+		mp->u[mp->size].le.y = cp->y;
+		mp->u[mp->size++].le.index = bbfile(cp->file);
+	} else {
+		mp->u[mp->size].be.x = cp->x;
+		mp->u[mp->size].be.y = cp->y;
+		mp->u[mp->size++].be.index = bbfile(cp->file);
+	}
+	t = incr('+', rvalue((*optree['+'])(ADD, pointer(idtree(yycounts)),
+		consttree(npoints++, inttype))), consttree(1, inttype));
+	if (*e)
+		*e = tree(RIGHT, (*e)->type, t, *e);
+	else
+		*e = t;
+}
+
+/* bbvars - emit definition for basic block counting data */
+static void bbvars(Symbol yylink) {
+	int i, j, n = npoints;
+	Value v;
+	struct map **mp;
+	Symbol coords, files, *p;
+
+	if (!YYcounts && !yylink)
+		return;
+	if (YYcounts) {
+		if (n <= 0)
+			n = 1;
+		YYcounts->type = array(unsignedtype, n, 0);
+		defglobal(YYcounts, BSS);
+	}
+	files = genident(STATIC, array(charptype, 1, 0), GLOBAL);
+	defglobal(files, LIT);
+	for (p = ltov(&filelist, PERM); *p; p++)
+		defpointer((*p)->u.c.loc);
+	defpointer(NULL);
+	coords = genident(STATIC, array(unsignedtype, n, 0), GLOBAL);
+	defglobal(coords, LIT);
+	for (i = n, mp = ltov(&maplist, PERM); *mp; i -= (*mp)->size, mp++)
+		for (j = 0; j < (*mp)->size; j++)
+			(*IR->defconst)(U, unsignedtype->size, (v.u = (*mp)->u[j].coord, v));
+	if (i > 0)
+		(*IR->space)(i*coords->type->type->size);
+	defpointer(NULL);
+	defglobal(yylink, DATA);
+	defpointer(NULL);
+	(*IR->defconst)(U, unsignedtype->size, (v.u = n, v));
+	defpointer(YYcounts);
+	defpointer(coords);
+	defpointer(files);
+	defpointer(funclist);
+}
+
+/* profInit - initialize basic block profiling options */
+void prof_init(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i;
+	static int inited;
+
+	if (inited)
+		return;
+	inited = 1;
+	type_init(argc, argv);
+	if (IR) {
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+			if (strncmp(argv[i], "-a", 2) == 0) {
+				if (ncalled == -1
+				&& process(argv[i][2] ? &argv[i][2] : "prof.out") > 0)
+					ncalled = 0;
+			} else if ((strcmp(argv[i], "-b") == 0
+			         || strcmp(argv[i], "-C") == 0) && YYlink == 0) {
+				YYlink = genident(STATIC, array(unsignedtype, 0, 0), GLOBAL);
+				attach((Apply)bbentry, YYlink, &events.entry);
+				attach((Apply)bbexit,  YYlink, &events.returns);
+				attach((Apply)bbfunc,  YYlink, &events.exit);
+				attach((Apply)bbvars,  YYlink, &events.end);
+				if (strcmp(argv[i], "-b") == 0) {
+					YYcounts = genident(STATIC, array(unsignedtype, 0, 0), GLOBAL);
+					maplist = append(allocate(sizeof (struct map), PERM), maplist);
+					((struct map *)maplist->x)->size = 0;
+					attach((Apply)bbcall, YYcounts, &events.calls);
+					attach((Apply)bbincr, YYcounts, &events.points);
+				}
+			}
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/profio.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/profio.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37fc25b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/profio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/* C compiler: prof.out input
+
+prof.out format:
+#files
+    name
+    ... (#files-1 times)
+#functions
+    name file# x y count caller file x y 
+    ... (#functions-1 times)
+#points
+    file# x y count
+    ... (#points-1 times)
+*/
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+struct count {			/* count data: */
+	int x, y;			/* source coordinate */
+	int count;			/* associated execution count */
+};
+
+#define MAXTOKEN 64
+
+struct file {			/* per-file prof.out data: */
+	struct file *link;		/* link to next file */
+	char *name;			/* file name */
+	int size;			/* size of counts[] */
+	int count;			/* counts[0..count-1] hold valid data */
+	struct count *counts;		/* count data */
+	struct func {			/* function data: */
+		struct func *link;		/* link to next function */
+		char *name;			/* function name */
+		struct count count;		/* total number of calls */
+		struct caller {		/* caller data: */
+			struct caller *link;	/* link to next caller */
+			char *name;		/* caller's name */
+			char *file;		/* call site: file, x, y */
+			int x, y;
+			int count;		/* number of calls from this site */
+		} *callers;
+	} *funcs;			/* list of functions */
+} *filelist;
+FILE *fp;
+
+/* acaller - add caller and site (file,x,y) to callee's callers list */
+static void acaller(char *caller, char *file, int x, int y, int count, struct func *callee) {
+	struct caller *q;
+
+	assert(callee);
+	for (q = callee->callers; q && (caller != q->name
+		|| file != q->file || x != q->x || y != q->y); q = q->link)
+		;
+	if (!q) {
+		struct caller **r;
+		NEW(q, PERM);
+		q->name = caller;
+		q->file = file;
+		q->x = x;
+		q->y = y;
+		q->count = 0;
+		for (r = &callee->callers; *r && (strcmp(q->name, (*r)->name) > 0
+			|| strcmp(q->file, (*r)->file) > 0 || q->y > (*r)->y || q->y > (*r)->y); r = &(*r)->link)
+			;
+		q->link = *r;
+		*r = q;
+	}
+	q->count += count;
+}
+
+/* compare - return <0, 0, >0 if a<b, a==b, a>b, resp. */
+static int compare(struct count *a, struct count *b) {
+	if (a->y == b->y)
+		return a->x - b->x;
+	return a->y - b->y;
+}
+
+/* findfile - return file name's file list entry, or 0 */
+static struct file *findfile(char *name) {
+	struct file *p;
+
+	for (p = filelist; p; p = p->link)
+		if (p->name == name)
+			return p;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* afunction - add function name and its data to file's function list */
+static struct func *afunction(char *name, char *file, int x, int y, int count) {
+	struct file *p = findfile(file);
+	struct func *q;
+
+	assert(p);
+	for (q = p->funcs; q && name != q->name; q = q->link)
+		;
+	if (!q) {
+		struct func **r;
+		NEW(q, PERM);
+		q->name = name;
+		q->count.x = x;
+		q->count.y = y;
+		q->count.count = 0;
+		q->callers = 0;
+		for (r = &p->funcs; *r && compare(&q->count, &(*r)->count) > 0; r = &(*r)->link)
+			;
+		q->link = *r;
+		*r = q;
+	}
+	q->count.count += count;
+	return q;
+}
+
+/* apoint - append execution point i to file's data */ 
+static void apoint(int i, char *file, int x, int y, int count) {
+	struct file *p = findfile(file);
+
+	assert(p);
+	if (i >= p->size) {
+		int j;
+		if (p->size == 0) {
+			p->size = i >= 200 ? 2*i : 200;
+			p->counts = newarray(p->size, sizeof *p->counts, PERM);
+		} else {
+			struct count *new;
+			p->size = 2*i;
+			new = newarray(p->size, sizeof *new, PERM);
+			for (j = 0; j < p->count; j++)
+				new[j] = p->counts[j];
+			p->counts = new;
+		}
+		for (j = p->count; j < p->size; j++) {
+			static struct count z;
+			p->counts[j] = z;
+		}
+	}
+	p->counts[i].x = x;
+	p->counts[i].y = y;
+	p->counts[i].count += count;
+	if (i >= p->count)
+		p->count = i + 1;
+}
+
+/* findcount - return count associated with (file,x,y) or -1 */
+int findcount(char *file, int x, int y) {
+	static struct file *cursor;
+
+	if (cursor == 0 || cursor->name != file)
+		cursor = findfile(file);
+	if (cursor) {
+		int l, u;
+		struct count *c = cursor->counts;
+		for (l = 0, u = cursor->count - 1; l <= u; ) {
+			int k = (l + u)/2;
+			if (c[k].y > y || (c[k].y == y && c[k].x > x))
+				u = k - 1;
+			else if (c[k].y < y || (c[k].y == y && c[k].x < x))
+				l = k + 1;
+			else
+				return c[k].count;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* findfunc - return count associated with function name in file or -1 */
+int findfunc(char *name, char *file) {
+	static struct file *cursor;
+
+	if (cursor == 0 || cursor->name != file)
+		cursor = findfile(file);
+	if (cursor) {
+		struct func *p;
+		for (p = cursor->funcs; p; p = p->link)
+			if (p->name == name)
+				return p->count.count;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* getd - read a nonnegative number */
+static int getd(void) {
+	int c, n = 0;
+
+	while ((c = getc(fp)) != EOF && (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t'))
+		;
+	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+		do
+			n = 10*n + (c - '0');
+		while ((c = getc(fp)) >= '0' && c <= '9');
+		return n;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* getstr - read a string */
+static char *getstr(void) {
+	int c;
+	char buf[MAXTOKEN], *s = buf;
+
+	while ((c = getc(fp)) != EOF && c != ' ' && c != '\n' && c != '\t')
+		if (s - buf < (int)sizeof buf - 2)
+			*s++ = c;
+	*s = 0;
+	return s == buf ? (char *)0 : string(buf);
+}
+
+/* gather - read prof.out data from fd */
+static int gather(void) {
+	int i, nfiles, nfuncs, npoints;
+	char *files[64];
+
+	if ((nfiles = getd()) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	assert(nfiles < NELEMS(files));
+	for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) {
+		if ((files[i] = getstr()) == 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (!findfile(files[i])) {
+			struct file *new;
+			NEW(new, PERM);
+			new->name = files[i];
+			new->size = new->count = 0;
+			new->counts = 0;
+			new->funcs = 0;
+			new->link = filelist;
+			filelist = new;
+		}
+	}
+	if ((nfuncs = getd()) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nfuncs; i++) {
+		struct func *q;
+		char *name, *file;
+		int f, x, y, count;
+		if ((name = getstr()) == 0 || (f = getd()) <= 0
+		|| (x = getd()) < 0 || (y = getd()) < 0 || (count = getd()) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		q = afunction(name, files[f-1], x, y, count);
+		if ((name = getstr()) == 0 || (file = getstr()) == 0
+		|| (x = getd()) < 0 || (y = getd()) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (*name != '?')
+			acaller(name, file, x, y, count, q);
+	}
+	if ((npoints = getd()) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < npoints; i++) {
+		int f, x, y, count;
+		if ((f = getd()) < 0 || (x = getd()) < 0 || (y = getd()) < 0
+		|| (count = getd()) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (f)
+			apoint(i, files[f-1], x, y, count);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* process - read prof.out data from file */
+int process(char *file) {
+	int more;
+
+	if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) != NULL) {
+		struct file *p;
+		while ((more = gather()) > 0)
+			;
+		fclose(fp);
+		if (more < 0)
+			return more;
+		for (p = filelist; p; p = p->link)
+			qsort(p->counts, p->count, sizeof *p->counts,
+				(int (*)(const void *, const void *))
+				compare);
+		
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/simp.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/simp.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea26ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/simp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+#include "c.h"
+#include <float.h>
+
+
+#define foldcnst(TYPE,VAR,OP) \
+	if (l->op == CNST+TYPE && r->op == CNST+TYPE) \
+		return cnsttree(ty, l->u.v.VAR OP r->u.v.VAR)
+#define commute(L,R) \
+	if (generic(R->op) == CNST && generic(L->op) != CNST) \
+		do { Tree t = L; L = R; R = t; } while(0)
+#define xfoldcnst(TYPE,VAR,OP,FUNC)\
+	if (l->op == CNST+TYPE && r->op == CNST+TYPE\
+	&& FUNC(l->u.v.VAR,r->u.v.VAR,\
+		ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.VAR,\
+		ty->u.sym->u.limits.max.VAR, needconst)) \
+		return cnsttree(ty, l->u.v.VAR OP r->u.v.VAR)
+#define xcvtcnst(FTYPE,SRC,DST,VAR,EXPR) \
+	if (l->op == CNST+FTYPE) do {\
+		if (!explicitCast\
+		&&  ((SRC) < DST->u.sym->u.limits.min.VAR || (SRC) > DST->u.sym->u.limits.max.VAR))\
+			warning("overflow in converting constant expression from `%t' to `%t'\n", l->type, DST);\
+		if (needconst\
+		|| !((SRC) < DST->u.sym->u.limits.min.VAR || (SRC) > DST->u.sym->u.limits.max.VAR))\
+			return cnsttree(ty, (EXPR)); } while(0)
+#define identity(X,Y,TYPE,VAR,VAL) \
+	if (X->op == CNST+TYPE && X->u.v.VAR == VAL) return Y
+#define zerofield(OP,TYPE,VAR) \
+	if (l->op == FIELD \
+	&&  r->op == CNST+TYPE && r->u.v.VAR == 0)\
+		return eqtree(OP, bittree(BAND, l->kids[0],\
+			cnsttree(unsignedtype, \
+				(unsigned long)fieldmask(l->u.field)<<fieldright(l->u.field))), r)
+#define cfoldcnst(TYPE,VAR,OP) \
+	if (l->op == CNST+TYPE && r->op == CNST+TYPE) \
+		return cnsttree(inttype, (long)(l->u.v.VAR OP r->u.v.VAR))
+#define foldaddp(L,R,RTYPE,VAR) \
+	if (L->op == CNST+P && R->op == CNST+RTYPE) { \
+		Tree e = tree(CNST+P, ty, NULL, NULL);\
+		e->u.v.p = (char *)L->u.v.p + R->u.v.VAR;\
+		return e; }
+#define ufoldcnst(TYPE,EXP) if (l->op == CNST+TYPE) return EXP
+#define sfoldcnst(OP) \
+	if (l->op == CNST+U && r->op == CNST+I \
+	&& r->u.v.i >= 0 && r->u.v.i < 8*l->type->size) \
+		return cnsttree(ty, (unsigned long)(l->u.v.u OP r->u.v.i))
+#define geu(L,R,V) \
+	if (R->op == CNST+U && R->u.v.u == 0) do { \
+		warning("result of unsigned comparison is constant\n"); \
+		return tree(RIGHT, inttype, root(L), cnsttree(inttype, (long)(V))); } while(0)
+#define idempotent(OP) if (l->op == OP) return l->kids[0]
+
+int needconst;
+int explicitCast;
+static int addi(long x, long y, long min, long max, int needconst) {
+	int cond = x == 0 || y == 0
+	|| (x < 0 && y < 0 && x >= min - y)
+	|| (x < 0 && y > 0)
+	|| (x > 0 && y < 0)
+	|| (x > 0 && y > 0 && x <= max - y);
+	if (!cond && needconst) {
+		warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+		cond = 1;
+	}
+	return cond;
+
+
+}
+
+static int addd(double x, double y, double min, double max, int needconst) {
+	int cond = x == 0 || y == 0
+	|| (x < 0 && y < 0 && x >= min - y)
+	|| (x < 0 && y > 0)
+	|| (x > 0 && y < 0)
+	|| (x > 0 && y > 0 && x <= max - y);
+	if (!cond && needconst) {
+		warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+		cond = 1;
+	}
+	return cond;
+
+
+}
+
+static Tree addrtree(Tree e, long n, Type ty) {
+	Symbol p = e->u.sym, q;
+
+	if (p->scope  == GLOBAL
+	||  p->sclass == STATIC || p->sclass == EXTERN)
+		NEW0(q, PERM);
+	else
+		NEW0(q, FUNC);
+	q->name = stringd(genlabel(1));
+	q->sclass = p->sclass;
+	q->scope = p->scope;
+	assert(isptr(ty) || isarray(ty));
+	q->type = isptr(ty) ? ty->type : ty;
+	q->temporary = p->temporary;
+	q->generated = p->generated;
+	q->addressed = p->addressed;
+	q->computed = 1;
+	q->defined = 1;
+	q->ref = 1;
+	if (p->scope  == GLOBAL
+	||  p->sclass == STATIC || p->sclass == EXTERN) {
+		if (p->sclass == AUTO)
+			q->sclass = STATIC;
+		(*IR->address)(q, p, n);
+	} else {
+		Code cp;
+		addlocal(p);
+		cp = code(Address);
+		cp->u.addr.sym = q;
+		cp->u.addr.base = p;
+		cp->u.addr.offset = n;
+	}
+	e = tree(e->op, ty, NULL, NULL);
+	e->u.sym = q;
+	return e;
+}
+
+/* div[id] - return 1 if min <= x/y <= max, 0 otherwise */
+static int divi(long x, long y, long min, long max, int needconst) {
+	int cond = y != 0 && !(x == min && y == -1);
+	if (!cond && needconst) {
+		warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+		cond = 1;
+	}
+	return cond;
+
+
+}
+
+static int divd(double x, double y, double min, double max, int needconst) {
+	int cond;
+
+	if (x < 0) x = -x;
+	if (y < 0) y = -y;
+	cond = y != 0 && !(y < 1 && x > max*y);
+	if (!cond && needconst) {
+		warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+		cond = 1;
+	}
+	return cond;
+
+}
+
+/* mul[id] - return 1 if min <= x*y <= max, 0 otherwise */
+static int muli(long x, long y, long min, long max, int needconst) {
+	int cond = (x > -1 && x <= 1) || (y > -1 && y <= 1)
+	|| (x < 0 && y < 0 && -x <= max/-y)
+	|| (x < 0 && y > 0 &&  x >= min/y)
+	|| (x > 0 && y < 0 &&  y >= min/x)
+	|| (x > 0 && y > 0 &&  x <= max/y);
+	if (!cond && needconst) {
+		warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+		cond = 1;
+	}
+	return cond;
+
+
+}
+
+static int muld(double x, double y, double min, double max, int needconst) {
+	int cond = (x >= -1 && x <= 1) || (y >= -1 && y <= 1)
+	|| (x < 0 && y < 0 && -x <= max/-y)
+	|| (x < 0 && y > 0 &&  x >= min/y)
+	|| (x > 0 && y < 0 &&  y >= min/x)
+	|| (x > 0 && y > 0 &&  x <= max/y);
+	if (!cond && needconst) {
+		warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+		cond = 1;
+	}
+	return cond;
+
+
+}
+/* sub[id] - return 1 if min <= x-y <= max, 0 otherwise */
+static int subi(long x, long y, long min, long max, int needconst) {
+	return addi(x, -y, min, max, needconst);
+}
+
+static int subd(double x, double y, double min, double max, int needconst) {
+	return addd(x, -y, min, max, needconst);
+}
+Tree constexpr(int tok) {
+	Tree p;
+
+	needconst++;
+	p = expr1(tok);
+	needconst--;
+	return p;
+}
+
+int intexpr(int tok, int n) {
+	Tree p = constexpr(tok);
+
+	needconst++;
+	if (p->op == CNST+I || p->op == CNST+U)
+		n = cast(p, inttype)->u.v.i;
+	else
+		error("integer expression must be constant\n");
+	needconst--;
+	return n;
+}
+Tree simplify(int op, Type ty, Tree l, Tree r) {
+	int n;
+
+	if (optype(op) == 0)
+		op = mkop(op, ty);
+	switch (op) {
+		case ADD+U:
+			foldcnst(U,u,+);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,U,u,0);
+			break;
+		case ADD+I:
+			xfoldcnst(I,i,+,addi);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			break;
+		case CVI+I:
+			xcvtcnst(I,l->u.v.i,ty,i,(long)extend(l->u.v.i,ty));
+			break;
+		case CVU+I:
+			if (l->op == CNST+U) {
+				if (!explicitCast && l->u.v.u > ty->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)
+					warning("overflow in converting constant expression from `%t' to `%t'\n", l->type, ty);
+				if (needconst || !(l->u.v.u > ty->u.sym->u.limits.max.i))
+					return cnsttree(ty, (long)extend(l->u.v.u,ty));
+			}
+			break;
+		case CVP+U:
+			xcvtcnst(P,(unsigned long)l->u.v.p,ty,u,(unsigned long)l->u.v.p);
+			break;
+		case CVU+P:
+			xcvtcnst(U,(void*)l->u.v.u,ty,p,(void*)l->u.v.u);
+			break;
+		case CVP+P:
+			xcvtcnst(P,l->u.v.p,ty,p,l->u.v.p);
+			break;
+		case CVI+U:
+			xcvtcnst(I,l->u.v.i,ty,u,((unsigned long)l->u.v.i)&ones(8*ty->size));
+			break;
+		case CVU+U:
+			xcvtcnst(U,l->u.v.u,ty,u,l->u.v.u&ones(8*ty->size));
+			break;
+
+		case CVI+F:
+			xcvtcnst(I,l->u.v.i,ty,d,(double)l->u.v.i);
+		case CVU+F:
+			xcvtcnst(U,l->u.v.u,ty,d,(double)l->u.v.u);
+			break;
+		case CVF+I:
+			xcvtcnst(F,l->u.v.d,ty,i,(long)l->u.v.d);
+			break;
+		case CVF+F: {
+			float d = 0.0f;
+			if (l->op == CNST+F) {
+				if (l->u.v.d < ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.d)
+					d = ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.d;
+				else if (l->u.v.d > ty->u.sym->u.limits.max.d)
+					d = ty->u.sym->u.limits.max.d;
+				else
+					d = l->u.v.d;
+			}
+			xcvtcnst(F,l->u.v.d,ty,d,(double)d);
+			break;
+			}
+		case BAND+U:
+			foldcnst(U,u,&);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,U,u,ones(8*ty->size));
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u == 0)
+				return tree(RIGHT, ty, root(l), cnsttree(ty, 0UL));
+			break;
+		case BAND+I:
+			foldcnst(I,i,&);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,I,i,ones(8*ty->size));
+			if (r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.u == 0)
+				return tree(RIGHT, ty, root(l), cnsttree(ty, 0L));
+			break;
+
+		case MUL+U:
+			commute(l,r);
+			if (l->op == CNST+U && (n = ispow2(l->u.v.u)) != 0)
+				return simplify(LSH, ty, r, cnsttree(inttype, (long)n));
+			foldcnst(U,u,*);
+			identity(r,l,U,u,1);
+			break;
+		case NE+I:
+			cfoldcnst(I,i,!=);
+			commute(r,l);
+			zerofield(NE,I,i);
+			break;
+
+		case EQ+I:
+			cfoldcnst(I,i,==);
+			commute(r,l);
+			zerofield(EQ,I,i);
+			break;
+		case ADD+P:
+			foldaddp(l,r,I,i);
+			foldaddp(l,r,U,u);
+			foldaddp(r,l,I,i);
+			foldaddp(r,l,U,u);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,retype(l,ty),I,i,0);
+			identity(r,retype(l,ty),U,u,0);
+			if (isaddrop(l->op)
+			&& ((r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i <= longtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i
+			    && r->u.v.i >= longtype->u.sym->u.limits.min.i)
+			|| (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u <= longtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)))
+				return addrtree(l, cast(r, longtype)->u.v.i, ty);
+			if (l->op == ADD+P && isaddrop(l->kids[1]->op)
+			&& ((r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i <= longtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i
+			    && r->u.v.i >= longtype->u.sym->u.limits.min.i)
+			||  (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u <= longtype->u.sym->u.limits.max.i)))
+				return simplify(ADD+P, ty, l->kids[0],
+					addrtree(l->kids[1], cast(r, longtype)->u.v.i, ty));
+			if ((l->op == ADD+I || l->op == SUB+I)
+			&& l->kids[1]->op == CNST+I && isaddrop(r->op))
+				return simplify(ADD+P, ty, l->kids[0],
+					simplify(generic(l->op)+P, ty, r, l->kids[1]));
+			if (l->op == ADD+P && generic(l->kids[1]->op) == CNST
+			&& generic(r->op) == CNST)
+				return simplify(ADD+P, ty, l->kids[0],
+					simplify(ADD, l->kids[1]->type, l->kids[1], r));
+			if (l->op == ADD+I && generic(l->kids[1]->op) == CNST
+			&&  r->op == ADD+P && generic(r->kids[1]->op) == CNST)
+				return simplify(ADD+P, ty, l->kids[0],
+					simplify(ADD+P, ty, r->kids[0],
+					simplify(ADD, r->kids[1]->type, l->kids[1], r->kids[1])));
+			if (l->op == RIGHT && l->kids[1])
+				return tree(RIGHT, ty, l->kids[0],
+					simplify(ADD+P, ty, l->kids[1], r));
+			else if (l->op == RIGHT && l->kids[0])
+				return tree(RIGHT, ty,
+					simplify(ADD+P, ty, l->kids[0], r), NULL);
+			break;
+
+		case ADD+F:
+			xfoldcnst(F,d,+,addd);
+			commute(r,l);
+			break;
+		case AND+I:
+			op = AND;
+			ufoldcnst(I,l->u.v.i ? cond(r) : l);	/* 0&&r => 0, 1&&r => r */
+			break;
+		case OR+I:
+			op = OR;
+			/* 0||r => r, 1||r => 1 */
+			ufoldcnst(I,l->u.v.i ? cnsttree(ty, 1L) : cond(r));
+			break;
+		case BCOM+I:
+			ufoldcnst(I,cnsttree(ty, (long)extend((~l->u.v.i)&ones(8*ty->size), ty)));
+			idempotent(BCOM+U);
+			break;
+		case BCOM+U:
+			ufoldcnst(U,cnsttree(ty, (unsigned long)((~l->u.v.u)&ones(8*ty->size))));
+			idempotent(BCOM+U);
+			break;
+		case BOR+U:
+			foldcnst(U,u,|);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,U,u,0);
+			break;
+		case BOR+I:
+			foldcnst(I,i,|);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			break;
+		case BXOR+U:
+			foldcnst(U,u,^);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,U,u,0);
+			break;
+		case BXOR+I:
+			foldcnst(I,i,^);
+			commute(r,l);
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			break;
+		case DIV+F:
+			xfoldcnst(F,d,/,divd);
+			break;
+		case DIV+I:
+			identity(r,l,I,i,1);
+			if ((r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i == 0)
+			||  (l->op == CNST+I && l->u.v.i == ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.i
+			&&  r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i == -1))
+				break;
+			xfoldcnst(I,i,/,divi);
+			break;
+		case DIV+U:		
+			identity(r,l,U,u,1);
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u == 0)
+				break;
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && (n = ispow2(r->u.v.u)) != 0)
+				return simplify(RSH, ty, l, cnsttree(inttype, (long)n));
+			foldcnst(U,u,/);
+			break;
+		case EQ+F:
+			cfoldcnst(F,d,==);
+			commute(r,l);
+			break;
+		case EQ+U:
+			cfoldcnst(U,u,==);
+			commute(r,l);
+			zerofield(EQ,U,u);
+			break;
+		case GE+F: cfoldcnst(F,d,>=); break;
+		case GE+I: cfoldcnst(I,i,>=); break;
+		case GE+U:
+			geu(l,r,1);	/* l >= 0 => (l,1) */
+			cfoldcnst(U,u,>=);
+			if (l->op == CNST+U && l->u.v.u == 0)	/* 0 >= r => r == 0 */
+				return eqtree(EQ, r, l);
+			break;
+		case GT+F: cfoldcnst(F,d, >); break;
+		case GT+I: cfoldcnst(I,i, >); break;
+		case GT+U:
+			geu(r,l,0);	/* 0 > r => (r,0) */
+			cfoldcnst(U,u, >);
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u == 0)	/* l > 0 => l != 0 */
+				return eqtree(NE, l, r);
+			break;
+		case LE+F: cfoldcnst(F,d,<=); break;
+		case LE+I: cfoldcnst(I,i,<=); break;
+		case LE+U:
+			geu(r,l,1);	/* 0 <= r => (r,1) */
+			cfoldcnst(U,u,<=);
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u == 0)	/* l <= 0 => l == 0 */
+				return eqtree(EQ, l, r);
+			break;
+		case LSH+I:
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			if (l->op == CNST+I && r->op == CNST+I
+			&& r->u.v.i >= 0 && r->u.v.i < 8*l->type->size
+			&& muli(l->u.v.i, 1<<r->u.v.i, ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.i, ty->u.sym->u.limits.max.i, needconst))
+				return cnsttree(ty, (long)(l->u.v.i<<r->u.v.i));
+			if (r->op == CNST+I && (r->u.v.i >= 8*ty->size || r->u.v.i < 0)) {
+				warning("shifting an `%t' by %d bits is undefined\n", ty, r->u.v.i);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			break;
+		case LSH+U:
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			sfoldcnst(<<);
+			if (r->op == CNST+I && (r->u.v.i >= 8*ty->size || r->u.v.i < 0)) {
+				warning("shifting an `%t' by %d bits is undefined\n", ty, r->u.v.i);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			break;
+
+		case LT+F: cfoldcnst(F,d, <); break;
+		case LT+I: cfoldcnst(I,i, <); break;
+		case LT+U:
+			geu(l,r,0);	/* l < 0 => (l,0) */
+			cfoldcnst(U,u, <);
+			if (l->op == CNST+U && l->u.v.u == 0)	/* 0 < r => r != 0 */
+				return eqtree(NE, r, l);
+			break;
+		case MOD+I:
+			if (r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i == 1)	/* l%1 => (l,0) */
+				return tree(RIGHT, ty, root(l), cnsttree(ty, 0L));
+			if ((r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i == 0)
+			||  (l->op == CNST+I && l->u.v.i == ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.i
+			&&  r->op == CNST+I && r->u.v.i == -1))
+				break;
+			xfoldcnst(I,i,%,divi);
+			break;
+		case MOD+U:		
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && ispow2(r->u.v.u)) /* l%2^n => l&(2^n-1) */
+				return bittree(BAND, l, cnsttree(ty, r->u.v.u - 1));
+			if (r->op == CNST+U && r->u.v.u == 0)
+				break;
+			foldcnst(U,u,%);
+			break;
+		case MUL+F:
+			xfoldcnst(F,d,*,muld);
+			commute(l,r);
+			break;
+		case MUL+I:
+			commute(l,r);
+			xfoldcnst(I,i,*,muli);
+			if (l->op == CNST+I && r->op == ADD+I && r->kids[1]->op == CNST+I)
+				/* c1*(x + c2) => c1*x + c1*c2 */
+				return simplify(ADD, ty, simplify(MUL, ty, l, r->kids[0]),
+					simplify(MUL, ty, l, r->kids[1]));
+			if (l->op == CNST+I && r->op == SUB+I && r->kids[1]->op == CNST+I)
+				/* c1*(x - c2) => c1*x - c1*c2 */
+				return simplify(SUB, ty, simplify(MUL, ty, l, r->kids[0]),
+					simplify(MUL, ty, l, r->kids[1]));
+			if (l->op == CNST+I && l->u.v.i > 0 && (n = ispow2(l->u.v.i)) != 0)
+				/* 2^n * r => r<<n */
+				return simplify(LSH, ty, r, cnsttree(inttype, (long)n));
+			identity(r,l,I,i,1);
+			break;
+		case NE+F:
+			cfoldcnst(F,d,!=);
+			commute(r,l);
+			break;
+		case NE+U:
+			cfoldcnst(U,u,!=);
+			commute(r,l);
+			zerofield(NE,U,u);
+			break;
+		case NEG+F:
+			ufoldcnst(F,cnsttree(ty, -l->u.v.d));
+			idempotent(NEG+F);
+			break;
+		case NEG+I:
+			if (l->op == CNST+I) {
+				if (needconst && l->u.v.i == ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.i)
+					warning("overflow in constant expression\n");
+				if (needconst || l->u.v.i != ty->u.sym->u.limits.min.i)
+					return cnsttree(ty, -l->u.v.i);
+			}
+			idempotent(NEG+I);
+			break;
+		case NOT+I:
+			op = NOT;
+			ufoldcnst(I,cnsttree(ty, !l->u.v.i));
+			break;
+		case RSH+I:
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			if (l->op == CNST+I && r->op == CNST+I
+			&& r->u.v.i >= 0 && r->u.v.i < 8*l->type->size) {
+				long n = l->u.v.i>>r->u.v.i;
+				if (l->u.v.i < 0)
+					n |= ~0UL<<(8*l->type->size - r->u.v.i);
+				return cnsttree(ty, n);
+			}
+			if (r->op == CNST+I && (r->u.v.i >= 8*ty->size || r->u.v.i < 0)) {
+				warning("shifting an `%t' by %d bits is undefined\n", ty, r->u.v.i);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			break;
+		case RSH+U:
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			sfoldcnst(>>);
+			if (r->op == CNST+I && (r->u.v.i >= 8*ty->size || r->u.v.i < 0)) {
+				warning("shifting an `%t' by %d bits is undefined\n", ty, r->u.v.i);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			break;
+		case SUB+F:
+			xfoldcnst(F,d,-,subd);
+			break;
+		case SUB+I:
+			xfoldcnst(I,i,-,subi);
+			identity(r,l,I,i,0);
+			break;
+		case SUB+U:
+			foldcnst(U,u,-);
+			identity(r,l,U,u,0);
+			break;
+		case SUB+P:
+			if (l->op == CNST+P && r->op == CNST+P)
+				return cnsttree(ty, (long)((char *)l->u.v.p - (char *)r->u.v.p));
+			if (r->op == CNST+I || r->op == CNST+U)
+				return simplify(ADD, ty, l,
+					cnsttree(inttype, r->op == CNST+I ? -r->u.v.i : -(long)r->u.v.u));
+			if (isaddrop(l->op) && r->op == ADD+I && r->kids[1]->op == CNST+I)
+				/* l - (x + c) => l-c - x */
+				return simplify(SUB, ty,
+					simplify(SUB, ty, l, r->kids[1]), r->kids[0]);
+			break;
+		default:assert(0);
+	}
+	return tree(op, ty, l, r);
+}
+/* ispow2 - if u > 1 && u == 2^n, return n, otherwise return 0 */
+int ispow2(unsigned long u) {
+	int n;
+
+	if (u > 1 && (u&(u-1)) == 0)
+		for (n = 0; u; u >>= 1, n++)
+			if (u&1)
+				return n;
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/stmt.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/stmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c3bdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/stmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+#define SWSIZE 512
+
+#define den(i,j) ((j-buckets[i]+1.0)/(v[j]-v[buckets[i]]+1))
+
+struct code codehead = { Start };
+Code codelist = &codehead;
+float density = 0.5;
+Table stmtlabs;
+
+static int foldcond(Tree e1, Tree e2);
+static void caselabel(Swtch, long, int);
+static void cmp(int, Symbol, long, int);
+static Tree conditional(int);
+static void dostmt(int, Swtch, int);
+static int equal(Symbol, Symbol);
+static void forstmt(int, Swtch, int);
+static void ifstmt(int, int, Swtch, int);
+static Symbol localaddr(Tree);
+static void stmtlabel(void);
+static void swstmt(int, int, int);
+static void whilestmt(int, Swtch, int);
+Code code(int kind) {
+	Code cp;
+
+	if (!reachable(kind))
+		warning("unreachable code\n");
+
+	NEW(cp, FUNC);
+	cp->kind = kind;
+	cp->prev = codelist;
+	cp->next = NULL;
+	codelist->next = cp;
+	codelist = cp;
+	return cp;
+}
+int reachable(int kind) {
+
+	if (kind > Start) {
+		Code cp;
+		for (cp = codelist; cp->kind < Label; )
+			cp = cp->prev;
+		if (cp->kind == Jump || cp->kind == Switch)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+void addlocal(Symbol p) {
+	if (!p->defined) {
+		code(Local)->u.var = p;
+		p->defined = 1;
+		p->scope = level;
+	}
+}
+void definept(Coordinate *p) {
+	Code cp = code(Defpoint);
+
+	cp->u.point.src = p ? *p : src;
+	cp->u.point.point = npoints;
+	if (ncalled > 0) {
+		int n = findcount(cp->u.point.src.file,
+			cp->u.point.src.x, cp->u.point.src.y);
+		if (n > 0)
+			refinc = (float)n/ncalled;
+	}
+	if (glevel > 2)	locus(identifiers, &cp->u.point.src);
+	if (events.points && reachable(Gen))
+		{
+			Tree e = NULL;
+			apply(events.points, &cp->u.point.src, &e);
+			if (e)
+				listnodes(e, 0, 0);
+		}
+}
+void statement(int loop, Swtch swp, int lev) {
+	float ref = refinc;
+
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && lev == 15)
+		warning("more than 15 levels of nested statements\n");
+	switch (t) {
+	case IF:       ifstmt(genlabel(2), loop, swp, lev + 1);
+ break;
+	case WHILE:    whilestmt(genlabel(3), swp, lev + 1); break;
+	case DO:       dostmt(genlabel(3), swp, lev + 1); expect(';');
+					break;
+
+	case FOR:      forstmt(genlabel(4), swp, lev + 1);
+ break;
+	case BREAK:    walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+		       definept(NULL);
+		       if (swp && swp->lab > loop)
+		       	branch(swp->lab + 1);
+		       else if (loop)
+		       	branch(loop + 2);
+		       else
+		       	error("illegal break statement\n");
+		       t = gettok(); expect(';');
+					   break;
+
+	case CONTINUE: walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+		       definept(NULL);
+		       if (loop)
+		       	branch(loop + 1);
+		       else
+		       	error("illegal continue statement\n");
+		       t = gettok(); expect(';');
+					      break;
+
+	case SWITCH:   swstmt(loop, genlabel(2), lev + 1);
+ break;
+	case CASE:     {
+		       	int lab = genlabel(1);
+		       	if (swp == NULL)
+		       		error("illegal case label\n");
+		       	definelab(lab);
+		       	while (t == CASE) {
+		       		static char stop[] = { IF, ID, 0 };
+		       		Tree p;
+		       		t = gettok();
+		       		p = constexpr(0);
+		       		if (generic(p->op) == CNST && isint(p->type)) {
+		       			if (swp) {
+		       				needconst++;
+		       				p = cast(p, swp->sym->type);
+		       				if (p->type->op == UNSIGNED)
+		       					p->u.v.i = extend(p->u.v.u, p->type);
+		       				needconst--;
+		       				caselabel(swp, p->u.v.i, lab);
+		       			}
+		       		} else
+		       			error("case label must be a constant integer expression\n");
+
+		       		test(':', stop);
+		       	}
+		       	statement(loop, swp, lev);
+		       } break;
+	case DEFAULT:  if (swp == NULL)
+		       	error("illegal default label\n");
+		       else if (swp->deflab)
+		       	error("extra default label\n");
+		       else {
+		       	swp->deflab = findlabel(swp->lab);
+		       	definelab(swp->deflab->u.l.label);
+		       }
+		       t = gettok();
+		       expect(':');
+		       statement(loop, swp, lev); break;
+	case RETURN:   {
+		       	Type rty = freturn(cfunc->type);
+		       	t = gettok();
+		       	definept(NULL);
+		       	if (t != ';')
+		       		if (rty == voidtype) {
+		       			error("extraneous return value\n");
+		       			expr(0);
+		       			retcode(NULL);
+		       		} else
+		       			retcode(expr(0));
+		       	else {
+		       		if (rty != voidtype)
+		       			warning("missing return value\n");
+		       		retcode(NULL);
+		       	}
+		       	branch(cfunc->u.f.label);
+		       } expect(';');
+					    break;
+
+	case '{':      compound(loop, swp, lev + 1); break;
+	case ';':      definept(NULL); t = gettok(); break;
+	case GOTO:     walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+		       definept(NULL);
+		       t = gettok();
+		       if (t == ID) {
+		       	Symbol p = lookup(token, stmtlabs);
+		       	if (p == NULL) {
+				p = install(token, &stmtlabs, 0, FUNC);
+				p->scope = LABELS;
+				p->u.l.label = genlabel(1);
+				p->src = src;
+			}
+		       	use(p, src);
+		       	branch(p->u.l.label);
+		       	t = gettok();
+		       } else
+		       	error("missing label in goto\n"); expect(';');
+					  break;
+
+	case ID:       if (getchr() == ':') {
+		       	stmtlabel();
+		       	statement(loop, swp, lev);
+		       	break;
+		       }
+	default:       definept(NULL);
+		       if (kind[t] != ID) {
+		       	error("unrecognized statement\n");
+		       	t = gettok();
+		       } else {
+		       	Tree e = expr0(0);
+		       	listnodes(e, 0, 0);
+		       	if (nodecount == 0 || nodecount > 200)
+		       		walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+		       	else if (glevel) walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+		       	deallocate(STMT);
+		       } expect(';');
+						break;
+
+	}
+	if (kind[t] != IF && kind[t] != ID
+	&& t != '}' && t != EOI) {
+		static char stop[] = { IF, ID, '}', 0 };
+		error("illegal statement termination\n");
+		skipto(0, stop);
+	}
+	refinc = ref;
+}
+
+static void ifstmt(int lab, int loop, Swtch swp, int lev) {
+	t = gettok();
+	expect('(');
+	definept(NULL);
+	walk(conditional(')'), 0, lab);
+	refinc /= 2.0;
+	statement(loop, swp, lev);
+	if (t == ELSE) {
+		branch(lab + 1);
+		t = gettok();
+		definelab(lab);
+		statement(loop, swp, lev);
+		if (findlabel(lab + 1)->ref)
+			definelab(lab + 1);
+	} else
+		definelab(lab);
+}
+static Tree conditional(int tok) {
+	Tree p = expr(tok);
+
+	if (Aflag > 1 && isfunc(p->type))
+		warning("%s used in a conditional expression\n",
+			funcname(p));
+	return cond(p);
+}
+static void stmtlabel(void) {
+	Symbol p = lookup(token, stmtlabs);
+
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		p = install(token, &stmtlabs, 0, FUNC);
+		p->scope = LABELS;
+		p->u.l.label = genlabel(1);
+		p->src = src;
+	}
+	if (p->defined)
+		error("redefinition of label `%s' previously defined at %w\n", p->name, &p->src);
+
+	p->defined = 1;
+	definelab(p->u.l.label);
+	t = gettok();
+	expect(':');
+}
+static void forstmt(int lab, Swtch swp, int lev) {
+	int once = 0;
+	Tree e1 = NULL, e2 = NULL, e3 = NULL;
+	Coordinate pt2, pt3;
+	
+	t = gettok();
+	expect('(');
+	definept(NULL);
+	if (kind[t] == ID)
+		e1 = texpr(expr0, ';', FUNC);
+	else
+		expect(';');
+	walk(e1, 0, 0);
+	pt2 = src;
+	refinc *= 10.0;
+	if (kind[t] == ID)
+		e2 = texpr(conditional, ';', FUNC);
+	else
+		expect(';');
+	pt3 = src;
+	if (kind[t] == ID)
+		e3 = texpr(expr0, ')', FUNC);
+	else {
+		static char stop[] = { IF, ID, '}', 0 };
+		test(')', stop);
+	}
+	if (e2) {
+		once = foldcond(e1, e2);
+		if (!once)
+			branch(lab + 3);
+	}
+	definelab(lab);
+	statement(lab, swp, lev);
+	definelab(lab + 1);
+	definept(&pt3);
+	if (e3)
+		walk(e3, 0, 0);
+	if (e2) {
+		if (!once)
+			definelab(lab + 3);
+		definept(&pt2);
+		walk(e2, lab, 0);
+	} else {
+		definept(&pt2);
+		branch(lab);
+	}
+	if (findlabel(lab + 2)->ref)
+		definelab(lab + 2);
+}
+static void swstmt(int loop, int lab, int lev) {
+	Tree e;
+	struct swtch sw;
+	Code head, tail;
+
+	t = gettok();
+	expect('(');
+	definept(NULL);
+	e = expr(')');
+	if (!isint(e->type)) {
+		error("illegal type `%t' in switch expression\n",
+			e->type);
+		e = retype(e, inttype);
+	}
+	e = cast(e, promote(e->type));
+	if (generic(e->op) == INDIR && isaddrop(e->kids[0]->op)
+	&& e->kids[0]->u.sym->type == e->type
+	&& !isvolatile(e->kids[0]->u.sym->type)) {
+		sw.sym = e->kids[0]->u.sym;
+		walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	} else {
+		sw.sym = genident(REGISTER, e->type, level);
+		addlocal(sw.sym);
+		walk(asgn(sw.sym, e), 0, 0);
+	}
+	head = code(Switch);
+	sw.lab = lab;
+	sw.deflab = NULL;
+	sw.ncases = 0;
+	sw.size = SWSIZE;
+	sw.values = newarray(SWSIZE, sizeof *sw.values, FUNC);
+	sw.labels = newarray(SWSIZE, sizeof *sw.labels, FUNC);
+	refinc /= 10.0;
+	statement(loop, &sw, lev);
+	if (sw.deflab == NULL) {
+		sw.deflab = findlabel(lab);
+		definelab(lab);
+		if (sw.ncases == 0)
+			warning("switch statement with no cases\n");
+	}
+	if (findlabel(lab + 1)->ref)
+		definelab(lab + 1);
+	tail = codelist;
+	codelist = head->prev;
+	codelist->next = head->prev = NULL;
+	if (sw.ncases > 0)
+		swgen(&sw);
+	branch(lab);
+	head->next->prev = codelist;
+	codelist->next = head->next;
+	codelist = tail;
+}
+static void caselabel(Swtch swp, long val, int lab) {
+	int k;
+
+	if (swp->ncases >= swp->size)
+		{
+		long   *vals = swp->values;
+		Symbol *labs = swp->labels;
+		swp->size *= 2;
+		swp->values = newarray(swp->size, sizeof *swp->values, FUNC);
+		swp->labels = newarray(swp->size, sizeof *swp->labels, FUNC);
+		for (k = 0; k < swp->ncases; k++) {
+			swp->values[k] = vals[k];
+			swp->labels[k] = labs[k];
+		}
+		}
+	k = swp->ncases;
+	for ( ; k > 0 && swp->values[k-1] >= val; k--) {
+		swp->values[k] = swp->values[k-1];
+		swp->labels[k] = swp->labels[k-1];
+	}
+	if (k < swp->ncases && swp->values[k] == val)
+		error("duplicate case label `%d'\n", val);
+	swp->values[k] = val;
+	swp->labels[k] = findlabel(lab);
+	++swp->ncases;
+	if (Aflag >= 2 && swp->ncases == 258)
+		warning("more than 257 cases in a switch\n");
+}
+void swgen(Swtch swp) {
+	int *buckets, k, n;
+	long *v = swp->values;
+
+	buckets = newarray(swp->ncases + 1,
+		sizeof *buckets, FUNC);
+	for (n = k = 0; k < swp->ncases; k++, n++) {
+		buckets[n] = k;
+		while (n > 0 && den(n-1, k) >= density)
+			n--;
+	}
+	buckets[n] = swp->ncases;
+	swcode(swp, buckets, 0, n - 1);
+}
+void swcode(Swtch swp, int b[], int lb, int ub) {
+	int hilab, lolab, l, u, k = (lb + ub)/2;
+	long *v = swp->values;
+
+	if (k > lb && k < ub) {
+		lolab = genlabel(1);
+		hilab = genlabel(1);
+	} else if (k > lb) {
+		lolab = genlabel(1);
+		hilab = swp->deflab->u.l.label;
+	} else if (k < ub) {
+		lolab = swp->deflab->u.l.label;
+		hilab = genlabel(1);
+	} else
+		lolab = hilab = swp->deflab->u.l.label;
+	l = b[k];
+	u = b[k+1] - 1;
+	if (u - l + 1 <= 3)
+		{
+			int i;
+			for (i = l; i <= u; i++)
+				cmp(EQ, swp->sym, v[i], swp->labels[i]->u.l.label);
+			if (k > lb && k < ub)
+				cmp(GT, swp->sym, v[u], hilab);
+			else if (k > lb)
+				cmp(GT, swp->sym, v[u], hilab);
+			else if (k < ub)
+				cmp(LT, swp->sym, v[l], lolab);
+			else
+				assert(lolab == hilab),
+				branch(lolab);
+			walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+		}
+	else {
+		Tree e;
+		Type ty = signedint(swp->sym->type);
+		Symbol table = genident(STATIC,
+			array(voidptype, u - l + 1, 0), GLOBAL);
+		(*IR->defsymbol)(table);
+		if (!isunsigned(swp->sym->type) || v[l] != 0)
+			cmp(LT, swp->sym, v[l], lolab);
+		cmp(GT, swp->sym, v[u], hilab);
+		e = (*optree['-'])(SUB, cast(idtree(swp->sym), ty), cnsttree(ty, v[l]));
+		if (e->type->size < unsignedptr->size)
+			e = cast(e, unsignedlong);
+		walk(tree(JUMP, voidtype,
+			rvalue((*optree['+'])(ADD, pointer(idtree(table)), e)), NULL),
+			0, 0);
+		code(Switch);
+		codelist->u.swtch.table = table;
+		codelist->u.swtch.sym = swp->sym;
+		codelist->u.swtch.deflab = swp->deflab;
+		codelist->u.swtch.size = u - l + 1;
+		codelist->u.swtch.values = &v[l];
+		codelist->u.swtch.labels = &swp->labels[l];
+		if (v[u] - v[l] + 1 >= 10000)
+			warning("switch generates a huge table\n");
+	}
+	if (k > lb) {
+		assert(lolab != swp->deflab->u.l.label);
+		definelab(lolab);
+		swcode(swp, b, lb, k - 1);
+	}
+	if (k < ub) {
+		assert(hilab != swp->deflab->u.l.label);
+		definelab(hilab);
+		swcode(swp, b, k + 1, ub);
+	}
+}
+static void cmp(int op, Symbol p, long n, int lab) {
+	Type ty = signedint(p->type);
+
+	listnodes(eqtree(op,
+			cast(idtree(p), ty),
+			cnsttree(ty, n)),
+		lab, 0);
+}
+void retcode(Tree p) {
+	Type ty;
+
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		if (events.returns)
+			apply(events.returns, cfunc, NULL);
+		return;
+	}
+	p = pointer(p);
+	ty = assign(freturn(cfunc->type), p);
+	if (ty == NULL) {
+		error("illegal return type; found `%t' expected `%t'\n",
+			p->type, freturn(cfunc->type));
+		return;
+	}
+	p = cast(p, ty);
+	if (retv)
+		{
+			if (iscallb(p))
+				p = tree(RIGHT, p->type,
+					tree(CALL+B, p->type,
+						p->kids[0]->kids[0], idtree(retv)),
+					rvalue(idtree(retv)));
+			else
+				p = asgntree(ASGN, rvalue(idtree(retv)), p);
+			walk(p, 0, 0);
+			if (events.returns)
+				apply(events.returns, cfunc, rvalue(idtree(retv)));
+			return;
+		}
+	if (events.returns)
+		{
+			Symbol t1 = genident(AUTO, p->type, level);
+			addlocal(t1);
+			walk(asgn(t1, p), 0, 0);
+			apply(events.returns, cfunc, idtree(t1));
+			p = idtree(t1);
+		}
+	if (!isfloat(p->type))
+		p = cast(p, promote(p->type));
+	if (isptr(p->type))
+		{
+			Symbol q = localaddr(p);
+			if (q && (q->computed || q->generated))
+				warning("pointer to a %s is an illegal return value\n",
+					q->scope == PARAM ? "parameter" : "local");
+			else if (q)
+				warning("pointer to %s `%s' is an illegal return value\n",
+					q->scope == PARAM ? "parameter" : "local", q->name);
+		}
+	walk(tree(mkop(RET,p->type), p->type, p, NULL), 0, 0);
+}
+void definelab(int lab) {
+	Code cp;
+	Symbol p = findlabel(lab);
+
+	assert(lab);
+	walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	code(Label)->u.forest = newnode(LABEL+V, NULL, NULL, p);
+	for (cp = codelist->prev; cp->kind <= Label; )
+		cp = cp->prev;
+	while (   cp->kind == Jump
+	       && cp->u.forest->kids[0]
+	       && specific(cp->u.forest->kids[0]->op) == ADDRG+P
+	       && cp->u.forest->kids[0]->syms[0] == p) {
+		assert(cp->u.forest->kids[0]->syms[0]->u.l.label == lab);
+		p->ref--;
+		assert(cp->next);
+		assert(cp->prev);
+		cp->prev->next = cp->next;
+		cp->next->prev = cp->prev;
+		cp = cp->prev;
+		while (cp->kind <= Label)
+			cp = cp->prev;
+	}
+}
+Node jump(int lab) {
+	Symbol p = findlabel(lab);
+
+	p->ref++;
+	return newnode(JUMP+V, newnode(ADDRG+ttob(voidptype), NULL, NULL, p),
+		NULL, NULL);
+}
+void branch(int lab) {
+	Code cp;
+	Symbol p = findlabel(lab);
+
+	assert(lab);
+	walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	code(Label)->u.forest = jump(lab);
+	for (cp = codelist->prev; cp->kind < Label; )
+		cp = cp->prev;
+	while (   cp->kind == Label
+	       && cp->u.forest->op == LABEL+V
+	       && !equal(cp->u.forest->syms[0], p)) {
+		equatelab(cp->u.forest->syms[0], p);
+		assert(cp->next);
+		assert(cp->prev);
+		cp->prev->next = cp->next;
+		cp->next->prev = cp->prev;
+		cp = cp->prev;
+		while (cp->kind < Label)
+			cp = cp->prev;
+	}
+	if (cp->kind == Jump || cp->kind == Switch) {
+		p->ref--;
+		codelist->prev->next = NULL;
+		codelist = codelist->prev;
+	} else {
+		codelist->kind = Jump;
+		if (cp->kind == Label
+		&&  cp->u.forest->op == LABEL+V
+		&&  equal(cp->u.forest->syms[0], p))
+			warning("source code specifies an infinite loop");
+	}
+}
+void equatelab(Symbol old, Symbol new) {
+	assert(old->u.l.equatedto == NULL);
+	old->u.l.equatedto = new;
+	new->ref++;
+}
+static int equal(Symbol lprime, Symbol dst) {
+	assert(dst && lprime);
+	for ( ; dst; dst = dst->u.l.equatedto)
+		if (lprime == dst)
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+/* dostmt - do statement while ( expression ) */
+static void dostmt(int lab, Swtch swp, int lev) {
+	refinc *= 10.0;
+	t = gettok();
+	definelab(lab);
+	statement(lab, swp, lev);
+	definelab(lab + 1);
+	expect(WHILE);
+	expect('(');
+	definept(NULL);
+	walk(conditional(')'), lab, 0);
+	if (findlabel(lab + 2)->ref)
+		definelab(lab + 2);
+}
+
+/* foldcond - check if initial test in for(e1;e2;e3) S is necessary */
+static int foldcond(Tree e1, Tree e2) {
+	int op = generic(e2->op);
+	Symbol v;
+
+	if (e1 == 0 || e2 == 0)
+		return 0;
+	if (generic(e1->op) == ASGN && isaddrop(e1->kids[0]->op)
+	&& generic(e1->kids[1]->op) == CNST) {
+		v = e1->kids[0]->u.sym;
+		e1 = e1->kids[1];
+	} else
+		return 0;
+	if ((op==LE || op==LT || op==EQ || op==NE || op==GT || op==GE)
+	&& generic(e2->kids[0]->op) == INDIR
+	&& e2->kids[0]->kids[0]->u.sym == v
+	&& e2->kids[1]->op == e1->op) {
+		e1 = simplify(op, e2->type, e1, e2->kids[1]);
+		if (e1->op == CNST+I)
+			return e1->u.v.i;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* localaddr - returns q if p yields the address of local/parameter q; otherwise returns 0 */
+static Symbol localaddr(Tree p) {
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	switch (generic(p->op)) {
+	case INDIR: case CALL: case ARG:
+		return NULL;
+	case ADDRL: case ADDRF:
+		return p->u.sym;
+	case RIGHT: case ASGN:
+		if (p->kids[1])
+			return localaddr(p->kids[1]);
+		return localaddr(p->kids[0]);
+	case COND: {
+		Symbol q;
+		assert(p->kids[1] && p->kids[1]->op == RIGHT);
+		if ((q = localaddr(p->kids[1]->kids[0])) != NULL)
+			return q;
+		return localaddr(p->kids[1]->kids[1]);
+		}
+	default: {
+		Symbol q;
+		if (p->kids[0] && (q = localaddr(p->kids[0])) != NULL)
+			return q;
+		return localaddr(p->kids[1]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* whilestmt - while ( expression ) statement */
+static void whilestmt(int lab, Swtch swp, int lev) {
+	Coordinate pt;
+	Tree e;
+
+	refinc *= 10.0;
+	t = gettok();
+	expect('(');
+	walk(NULL, 0, 0);
+	pt = src;
+	e = texpr(conditional, ')', FUNC);
+	branch(lab + 1);
+	definelab(lab);
+	statement(lab, swp, lev);
+	definelab(lab + 1);
+	definept(&pt);
+	walk(e, lab, 0);
+	if (findlabel(lab + 2)->ref)
+		definelab(lab + 2);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/string.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/string.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73cfc85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/string.c
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static struct string {
+	char *str;
+	int len;
+	struct string *link;
+} *buckets[1024];
+static int scatter[] = {	/* map characters to random values */
+	2078917053, 143302914, 1027100827, 1953210302, 755253631,
+	2002600785, 1405390230, 45248011, 1099951567, 433832350,
+	2018585307, 438263339, 813528929, 1703199216, 618906479,
+	573714703, 766270699, 275680090, 1510320440, 1583583926,
+	1723401032, 1965443329, 1098183682, 1636505764, 980071615,
+	1011597961, 643279273, 1315461275, 157584038, 1069844923,
+	471560540, 89017443, 1213147837, 1498661368, 2042227746,
+	1968401469, 1353778505, 1300134328, 2013649480, 306246424,
+	1733966678, 1884751139, 744509763, 400011959, 1440466707,
+	1363416242, 973726663, 59253759, 1639096332, 336563455,
+	1642837685, 1215013716, 154523136, 593537720, 704035832,
+	1134594751, 1605135681, 1347315106, 302572379, 1762719719,
+	269676381, 774132919, 1851737163, 1482824219, 125310639,
+	1746481261, 1303742040, 1479089144, 899131941, 1169907872,
+	1785335569, 485614972, 907175364, 382361684, 885626931,
+	200158423, 1745777927, 1859353594, 259412182, 1237390611,
+	48433401, 1902249868, 304920680, 202956538, 348303940,
+	1008956512, 1337551289, 1953439621, 208787970, 1640123668,
+	1568675693, 478464352, 266772940, 1272929208, 1961288571,
+	392083579, 871926821, 1117546963, 1871172724, 1771058762,
+	139971187, 1509024645, 109190086, 1047146551, 1891386329,
+	994817018, 1247304975, 1489680608, 706686964, 1506717157,
+	579587572, 755120366, 1261483377, 884508252, 958076904,
+	1609787317, 1893464764, 148144545, 1415743291, 2102252735,
+	1788268214, 836935336, 433233439, 2055041154, 2109864544,
+	247038362, 299641085, 834307717, 1364585325, 23330161,
+	457882831, 1504556512, 1532354806, 567072918, 404219416,
+	1276257488, 1561889936, 1651524391, 618454448, 121093252,
+	1010757900, 1198042020, 876213618, 124757630, 2082550272,
+	1834290522, 1734544947, 1828531389, 1982435068, 1002804590,
+	1783300476, 1623219634, 1839739926, 69050267, 1530777140,
+	1802120822, 316088629, 1830418225, 488944891, 1680673954,
+	1853748387, 946827723, 1037746818, 1238619545, 1513900641,
+	1441966234, 367393385, 928306929, 946006977, 985847834,
+	1049400181, 1956764878, 36406206, 1925613800, 2081522508,
+	2118956479, 1612420674, 1668583807, 1800004220, 1447372094,
+	523904750, 1435821048, 923108080, 216161028, 1504871315,
+	306401572, 2018281851, 1820959944, 2136819798, 359743094,
+	1354150250, 1843084537, 1306570817, 244413420, 934220434,
+	672987810, 1686379655, 1301613820, 1601294739, 484902984,
+	139978006, 503211273, 294184214, 176384212, 281341425,
+	228223074, 147857043, 1893762099, 1896806882, 1947861263,
+	1193650546, 273227984, 1236198663, 2116758626, 489389012,
+	593586330, 275676551, 360187215, 267062626, 265012701,
+	719930310, 1621212876, 2108097238, 2026501127, 1865626297,
+	894834024, 552005290, 1404522304, 48964196, 5816381,
+	1889425288, 188942202, 509027654, 36125855, 365326415,
+	790369079, 264348929, 513183458, 536647531, 13672163,
+	313561074, 1730298077, 286900147, 1549759737, 1699573055,
+	776289160, 2143346068, 1975249606, 1136476375, 262925046,
+	92778659, 1856406685, 1884137923, 53392249, 1735424165,
+	1602280572
+};
+char *string(const char *str) {
+	const char *s;
+
+	for (s = str; *s; s++)
+		;
+	return stringn(str, s - str);
+}
+char *stringd(long n) {
+	char str[25], *s = str + sizeof (str);
+	unsigned long m;
+
+	if (n == LONG_MIN)
+		m = (unsigned long)LONG_MAX + 1;
+	else if (n < 0)
+		m = -n;
+	else
+		m = n;
+	do
+		*--s = m%10 + '0';
+	while ((m /= 10) != 0);
+	if (n < 0)
+		*--s = '-';
+	return stringn(s, str + sizeof (str) - s);
+}
+char *stringn(const char *str, int len) {
+	int i;
+	unsigned int h;
+	const char *end;
+	struct string *p;
+
+	assert(str);
+	for (h = 0, i = len, end = str; i > 0; i--)
+		h = (h<<1) + scatter[*(unsigned char *)end++];
+	h &= NELEMS(buckets)-1;
+	for (p = buckets[h]; p; p = p->link)
+		if (len == p->len) {
+			const char *s1 = str;
+			char *s2 = p->str;
+			do {
+				if (s1 == end)
+					return p->str;
+			} while (*s1++ == *s2++);
+		}
+	{
+		static char *next, *strlimit;
+		if (len + 1 >= strlimit - next) {
+			int n = len + 4*1024;
+			next = allocate(n, PERM);
+			strlimit = next + n;
+		}
+		NEW(p, PERM);
+		p->len = len;
+		for (p->str = next; str < end; )
+			*next++ = *str++;
+		*next++ = 0;
+		p->link = buckets[h];
+		buckets[h] = p;
+		return p->str;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/sym.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/sym.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a1cfeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/sym.c
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+#include "c.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+
+#define equalp(x) v.x == p->sym.u.c.v.x
+
+struct table {
+	int level;
+	Table previous;
+	struct entry {
+		struct symbol sym;
+		struct entry *link;
+	} *buckets[256];
+	Symbol all;
+};
+#define HASHSIZE NELEMS(((Table)0)->buckets)
+static struct table
+	cns = { CONSTANTS },
+	ext = { GLOBAL },
+	ids = { GLOBAL },
+	tys = { GLOBAL };
+Table constants   = &cns;
+Table externals   = &ext;
+Table identifiers = &ids;
+Table globals     = &ids;
+Table types       = &tys;
+Table labels;
+int level = GLOBAL;
+static int tempid;
+List loci, symbols;
+
+Table table(Table tp, int level) {
+	Table new;
+
+	NEW0(new, FUNC);
+	new->previous = tp;
+	new->level = level;
+	if (tp)
+		new->all = tp->all;
+	return new;
+}
+void foreach(Table tp, int lev, void (*apply)(Symbol, void *), void *cl) {
+	assert(tp);
+	while (tp && tp->level > lev)
+		tp = tp->previous;
+	if (tp && tp->level == lev) {
+		Symbol p;
+		Coordinate sav;
+		sav = src;
+		for (p = tp->all; p && p->scope == lev; p = p->up) {
+			src = p->src;
+			(*apply)(p, cl);
+		}
+		src = sav;
+	}
+}
+void enterscope(void) {
+	if (++level == LOCAL)
+		tempid = 0;
+}
+void exitscope(void) {
+	rmtypes(level);
+	if (types->level == level)
+		types = types->previous;
+	if (identifiers->level == level) {
+		if (Aflag >= 2) {
+			int n = 0;
+			Symbol p;
+			for (p = identifiers->all; p && p->scope == level; p = p->up)
+				if (++n > 127) {
+					warning("more than 127 identifiers declared in a block\n");
+					break;
+				}
+		}
+		identifiers = identifiers->previous;
+	}
+	assert(level >= GLOBAL);
+	--level;
+}
+Symbol install(const char *name, Table *tpp, int level, int arena) {
+	Table tp = *tpp;
+	struct entry *p;
+	unsigned h = (unsigned long)name&(HASHSIZE-1);
+
+	assert(level == 0 || level >= tp->level);
+	if (level > 0 && tp->level < level)
+		tp = *tpp = table(tp, level);
+	NEW0(p, arena);
+	p->sym.name = (char *)name;
+	p->sym.scope = level;
+	p->sym.up = tp->all;
+	tp->all = &p->sym;
+	p->link = tp->buckets[h];
+	tp->buckets[h] = p;
+	return &p->sym;
+}
+Symbol relocate(const char *name, Table src, Table dst) {
+	struct entry *p, **q;
+	Symbol *r;
+	unsigned h = (unsigned long)name&(HASHSIZE-1);
+
+	for (q = &src->buckets[h]; *q; q = &(*q)->link)
+		if (name == (*q)->sym.name)
+			break;
+	assert(*q);
+	/*
+	 Remove the entry from src's hash chain
+	  and from its list of all symbols.
+	*/
+	p = *q;
+	*q = (*q)->link;
+	for (r = &src->all; *r && *r != &p->sym; r = &(*r)->up)
+		;
+	assert(*r == &p->sym);
+	*r = p->sym.up;
+	/*
+	 Insert the entry into dst's hash chain
+	  and into its list of all symbols.
+	  Return the symbol-table entry.
+	*/
+	p->link = dst->buckets[h];
+	dst->buckets[h] = p;
+	p->sym.up = dst->all;
+	dst->all = &p->sym;
+	return &p->sym;
+}
+Symbol lookup(const char *name, Table tp) {
+	struct entry *p;
+	unsigned h = (unsigned long)name&(HASHSIZE-1);
+
+	assert(tp);
+	do
+		for (p = tp->buckets[h]; p; p = p->link)
+			if (name == p->sym.name)
+				return &p->sym;
+	while ((tp = tp->previous) != NULL);
+	return NULL;
+}
+int genlabel(int n) {
+	static int label = 1;
+
+	label += n;
+	return label - n;
+}
+Symbol findlabel(int lab) {
+	struct entry *p;
+	unsigned h = lab&(HASHSIZE-1);
+
+	for (p = labels->buckets[h]; p; p = p->link)
+		if (lab == p->sym.u.l.label)
+			return &p->sym;
+	NEW0(p, FUNC);
+	p->sym.name = stringd(lab);
+	p->sym.scope = LABELS;
+	p->sym.up = labels->all;
+	labels->all = &p->sym;
+	p->link = labels->buckets[h];
+	labels->buckets[h] = p;
+	p->sym.generated = 1;
+	p->sym.u.l.label = lab;
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(&p->sym);
+	return &p->sym;
+}
+Symbol constant(Type ty, Value v) {
+	struct entry *p;
+	unsigned h = v.u&(HASHSIZE-1);
+
+	ty = unqual(ty);
+	for (p = constants->buckets[h]; p; p = p->link)
+		if (eqtype(ty, p->sym.type, 1))
+			switch (ty->op) {
+			case INT:      if (equalp(i)) return &p->sym; break;
+			case UNSIGNED: if (equalp(u)) return &p->sym; break;
+			case FLOAT:    if (equalp(d)) return &p->sym; break;
+			case FUNCTION: if (equalp(g)) return &p->sym; break;
+			case ARRAY:
+			case POINTER:  if (equalp(p)) return &p->sym; break;
+			default: assert(0);
+			}
+	NEW0(p, PERM);
+	p->sym.name = vtoa(ty, v);
+	p->sym.scope = CONSTANTS;
+	p->sym.type = ty;
+	p->sym.sclass = STATIC;
+	p->sym.u.c.v = v;
+	p->link = constants->buckets[h];
+	p->sym.up = constants->all;
+	constants->all = &p->sym;
+	constants->buckets[h] = p;
+	if (ty->u.sym && !ty->u.sym->addressed)
+		(*IR->defsymbol)(&p->sym);
+	p->sym.defined = 1;
+	return &p->sym;
+}
+Symbol intconst(int n) {
+	Value v;
+
+	v.i = n;
+	return constant(inttype, v);
+}
+Symbol genident(int scls, Type ty, int lev) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	NEW0(p, lev >= LOCAL ? FUNC : PERM);
+	p->name = stringd(genlabel(1));
+	p->scope = lev;
+	p->sclass = scls;
+	p->type = ty;
+	p->generated = 1;
+	if (lev == GLOBAL)
+		(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+	return p;
+}
+
+Symbol temporary(int scls, Type ty) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	NEW0(p, FUNC);
+	p->name = stringd(++tempid);
+	p->scope = level < LOCAL ? LOCAL : level;
+	p->sclass = scls;
+	p->type = ty;
+	p->temporary = 1;
+	p->generated = 1;
+	return p;
+}
+Symbol newtemp(int sclass, int tc, int size) {
+	Symbol p = temporary(sclass, btot(tc, size));
+
+	(*IR->local)(p);
+	p->defined = 1;
+	return p;
+}
+
+Symbol allsymbols(Table tp) {
+	return tp->all;
+}
+
+void locus(Table tp, Coordinate *cp) {
+	loci    = append(cp, loci);
+	symbols = append(allsymbols(tp), symbols);
+}
+
+void use(Symbol p, Coordinate src) {
+	Coordinate *cp;
+
+	NEW(cp, PERM);
+	*cp = src;
+	p->uses = append(cp, p->uses);
+}
+/* findtype - find type ty in identifiers */
+Symbol findtype(Type ty) {
+	Table tp = identifiers;
+	int i;
+	struct entry *p;
+
+	assert(tp);
+	do
+		for (i = 0; i < HASHSIZE; i++)
+			for (p = tp->buckets[i]; p; p = p->link)
+				if (p->sym.type == ty && p->sym.sclass == TYPEDEF)
+					return &p->sym;
+	while ((tp = tp->previous) != NULL);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* mkstr - make a string constant */
+Symbol mkstr(char *str) {
+	Value v;
+	Symbol p;
+
+	v.p = str;
+	p = constant(array(chartype, strlen(v.p) + 1, 0), v);
+	if (p->u.c.loc == NULL)
+		p->u.c.loc = genident(STATIC, p->type, GLOBAL);
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* mksymbol - make a symbol for name, install in &globals if sclass==EXTERN */
+Symbol mksymbol(int sclass, const char *name, Type ty) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	if (sclass == EXTERN)
+		p = install(string(name), &globals, GLOBAL, PERM);
+	else {
+		NEW0(p, PERM);
+		p->name = string(name);
+		p->scope = GLOBAL;
+	}
+	p->sclass = sclass;
+	p->type = ty;
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+	p->defined = 1;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* vtoa - return string for the constant v of type ty */
+char *vtoa(Type ty, Value v) {
+
+	ty = unqual(ty);
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case INT:      return stringd(v.i);
+	case UNSIGNED: return stringf((v.u&~0x7FFF) ? "0x%X" : "%U", v.u);
+	case FLOAT:    return stringf("%g", (double)v.d);
+	case ARRAY:
+		if (ty->type == chartype || ty->type == signedchar
+		||  ty->type == unsignedchar)
+			return v.p;
+		return stringf("%p", v.p);
+	case POINTER:  return stringf("%p", v.p);
+	case FUNCTION: return stringf("%p", v.g);
+	}
+	assert(0); return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/symbolic.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/symbolic.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..affa67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/symbolic.c
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+#include <time.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "c.h"
+
+#define I(f) s_##f
+
+static Node *tail;
+static int off, maxoff, uid = 0, verbose = 0, html = 0;
+
+static const char *yyBEGIN(const char *tag) {
+	if (html)
+		print("<%s>", tag);
+	return tag;
+}
+
+static void yyEND(const char *tag) {
+	if (html)
+		print("</%s>", tag);
+	if (isupper(*tag))
+		print("\n");
+}
+
+#define BEGIN(tag) do { const char *yytag=yyBEGIN(#tag);
+#define END yyEND(yytag); } while (0)
+#define ITEM BEGIN(li)
+#define START BEGIN(LI)
+#define ANCHOR(attr,code) do { const char *yytag="a"; if (html) { printf("<a " #attr "=\""); code; print("\">"); }
+#define NEWLINE print(html ? "<br>\n" : "\n")
+
+static void emitCoord(Coordinate src) {
+	if (src.file && *src.file) {
+		ANCHOR(href,print("%s", src.file)); print("%s", src.file); END;
+		print(":");
+	}
+	print("%d.%d", src.y, src.x);
+}
+
+static void emitString(int len, const char *s) {
+	for ( ; len-- > 0; s++)
+		if (*s == '&' && html)
+			print("&amp;");
+		else if (*s == '<' && html)
+			print("&lt;");
+		else if (*s == '>' && html)
+			print("&lt;");
+		else if (*s == '"' || *s == '\\')
+			print("\\%c", *s);
+		else if (*s >= ' ' && *s < 0177)
+			print("%c", *s);
+		else
+			print("\\%d%d%d", (*s>>6)&3, (*s>>3)&7, *s&7);
+}
+
+static void emitSymRef(Symbol p) {
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+	ANCHOR(href,print("#%s", p->x.name)); BEGIN(code); print("%s", p->name); END; END;
+}
+
+static void emitSymbol(Symbol p) {
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+	ANCHOR(name,print("%s", p->x.name)); BEGIN(code); print("%s", p->name); END; END;
+	BEGIN(ul);
+#define xx(field,code) ITEM; if (!html) print(" "); print(#field "="); code; END
+	if (verbose && (src.y || src.x))
+		xx(src,emitCoord(p->src));
+	xx(type,print("%t", p->type));
+	xx(sclass,print("%k", p->sclass));
+	switch (p->scope) {
+	case CONSTANTS: xx(scope,print("CONSTANTS")); break;
+	case LABELS:    xx(scope,print("LABELS"));    break;
+	case GLOBAL:    xx(scope,print("GLOBAL"));    break;
+	case PARAM:     xx(scope,print("PARAM"));     break;
+	case LOCAL:     xx(scope,print("LOCAL"));     break;
+	default:
+		if (p->scope > LOCAL)
+			xx(scope,print("LOCAL+%d", p->scope-LOCAL));
+		else
+			xx(scope,print("%d", p->scope));
+	}
+	if (p->scope >= PARAM && p->sclass != STATIC)
+		xx(offset,print("%d", p->x.offset));
+	xx(ref,print("%f", p->ref));
+	if (p->temporary && p->u.t.cse)
+		xx(u.t.cse,print("%p", p->u.t.cse));
+	END;
+#undef xx
+}
+
+/* address - initialize q for addressing expression p+n */
+static void I(address)(Symbol q, Symbol p, long n) {
+	q->name = stringf("%s%s%D", p->name, n > 0 ? "+" : "", n);
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(q);
+	START; print("address "); emitSymbol(q); END;
+}
+
+/* blockbeg - start a block */
+static void I(blockbeg)(Env *e) {
+	e->offset = off;
+	START; print("blockbeg off=%d", off); END;
+}
+
+/* blockend - start a block */
+static void I(blockend)(Env *e) {
+	if (off > maxoff)
+		maxoff = off;
+	START; print("blockend off=%d", off); END;
+	off = e->offset;
+}
+
+/* defaddress - initialize an address */
+static void I(defaddress)(Symbol p){
+	START; print("defaddress "); emitSymRef(p); END;
+}
+
+/* defconst - define a constant */
+static void I(defconst)(int suffix, int size, Value v) {
+	START;
+	print("defconst ");
+	switch (suffix) {
+	case I:
+		print("int.%d ", size);
+		BEGIN(code);
+		if (size > sizeof (int))
+			print("%D", v.i);
+		else
+			print("%d", (int)v.i);
+		END;
+		break;
+	case U:
+		print("unsigned.%d ", size);
+		BEGIN(code);
+		if (size > sizeof (unsigned))
+			print("%U", v.u);
+		else
+			print("%u", (unsigned)v.u);
+		END;
+		break;
+	case P: print("void*.%d ", size); BEGIN(code); print("%p", v.p); END; break;
+	case F: print("float.%d ", size); BEGIN(code); print("%g", (double)v.d); END; break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	END;
+}
+
+/* defstring - emit a string constant */
+static void I(defstring)(int len, char *s) {
+	START; print("defstring ");
+	BEGIN(code); print("\""); emitString(len, s); print("\""); END;
+	END;
+}
+
+/* defsymbol - define a symbol: initialize p->x */
+static void I(defsymbol)(Symbol p) {
+	if (p->x.name == NULL)
+		p->x.name = stringd(++uid);
+}
+
+/* emit - emit the dags on list p */
+static void I(emit)(Node p){
+	ITEM;
+	if (!html)
+		print(" ");
+	for (; p; p = p->x.next) {
+		if (p->op == LABEL+V) {
+			assert(p->syms[0]);
+			ANCHOR(name,print("%s", p->syms[0]->x.name));
+			BEGIN(code); print("%s", p->syms[0]->name); END;
+			END;
+			print(":");
+		} else {
+			int i;
+			if (p->x.listed) {
+				BEGIN(strong); print("%d", p->x.inst); END; print("'");
+				print(" %s", opname(p->op));
+			} else
+				print("%d. %s", p->x.inst, opname(p->op));
+			if (p->count > 1)
+				print(" count=%d", p->count);
+			for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->kids) && p->kids[i]; i++)
+				print(" #%d", p->kids[i]->x.inst);
+			if (generic(p->op) == CALL && p->syms[0] && p->syms[0]->type)
+				print(" {%t}", p->syms[0]->type);
+			else
+				for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->syms) && p->syms[i]; i++) {
+					print(" ");
+					if (p->syms[i]->scope == CONSTANTS)
+						print(p->syms[i]->name);
+					else
+						emitSymRef(p->syms[i]);
+				}
+		}
+		NEWLINE;
+	}
+	END;
+}
+
+/* export - announce p as exported */
+static void I(export)(Symbol p) {
+	START; print("export "); emitSymRef(p); END;
+}
+
+/* function - generate code for a function */
+static void I(function)(Symbol f, Symbol caller[], Symbol callee[], int ncalls) {
+	int i;
+
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(f);
+	off = 0;
+	for (i = 0; caller[i] && callee[i]; i++) {
+		off = roundup(off, caller[i]->type->align);
+		caller[i]->x.offset = callee[i]->x.offset = off;
+		off += caller[i]->type->size;
+	}
+	if (!html) {
+		print("function ");
+		emitSymbol(f);
+		print(" ncalls=%d\n", ncalls);
+		for (i = 0; caller[i]; i++)
+			START; print("caller "); emitSymbol(caller[i]); END;
+		for (i = 0; callee[i]; i++)
+			START; print("callee "); emitSymbol(callee[i]); END;
+	} else {
+		START;
+		print("function");
+		BEGIN(UL);
+#define xx(field,code) ITEM; print(#field "="); code; END
+		xx(f,emitSymbol(f));
+		xx(ncalls,print("%d", ncalls));
+		if (caller[0]) {
+			ITEM; print("caller"); BEGIN(OL);
+			for (i = 0; caller[i]; i++)
+				ITEM; emitSymbol(caller[i]); END;
+			END; END;
+			ITEM; print("callee"); BEGIN(OL);
+			for (i = 0; callee[i]; i++)
+				ITEM; emitSymbol(callee[i]); END;
+			END; END;
+		} else {
+			xx(caller,BEGIN(em); print("empty"); END);
+			xx(callee,BEGIN(em); print("empty"); END);
+		}
+		END;
+		END;
+	}
+	maxoff = off = 0;
+	gencode(caller, callee);
+	if (html)
+		START; print("emitcode"); BEGIN(ul); emitcode(); END; END;
+	else
+		emitcode();
+	START; print("maxoff=%d", maxoff); END;
+#undef xx
+}
+
+/* visit - generate code for *p */
+static int visit(Node p, int n) {
+	if (p && p->x.inst == 0) {
+		p->x.inst = ++n;
+		n = visit(p->kids[0], n);
+		n = visit(p->kids[1], n);
+		*tail = p;
+		tail = &p->x.next;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+/* gen0 - generate code for the dags on list p */
+static Node I(gen)(Node p) {
+	int n;
+	Node nodelist;
+
+	tail = &nodelist;
+	for (n = 0; p; p = p->link) {
+		switch (generic(p->op)) {	/* check for valid forest */
+		case CALL:
+			assert(IR->wants_dag || p->count == 0);
+			break;
+		case ARG:
+		case ASGN: case JUMP: case LABEL: case RET:
+		case EQ: case GE: case GT: case LE: case LT: case NE:
+			assert(p->count == 0);
+			break;
+		case INDIR:
+			assert(IR->wants_dag && p->count > 0);
+			break;
+		default:
+			assert(0);
+		}
+		check(p);
+		p->x.listed = 1;
+		n = visit(p, n);
+	}
+	*tail = 0;
+	return nodelist;
+}
+
+/* global - announce a global */
+static void I(global)(Symbol p) {
+	START; print("global "); emitSymbol(p); END;
+}
+
+/* import - import a symbol */
+static void I(import)(Symbol p) {
+	START; print("import "); emitSymRef(p); END;
+}
+
+/* local - local variable */
+static void I(local)(Symbol p) {
+	if (p->temporary)
+		p->name = stringf("t%s", p->name);
+	(*IR->defsymbol)(p);
+	off = roundup(off, p->type->align);
+	p->x.offset = off;
+	off += p->type->size;
+	START; print(p->temporary ? "temporary " : "local "); emitSymbol(p); END;
+}
+
+/* progbeg - beginning of program */
+static void I(progbeg)(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-v") == 0)
+			verbose++;
+		else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-html") == 0)
+			html++;
+	if (html) {
+		print("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN\">\n");
+		print("<html>");
+		BEGIN(head);
+		if (firstfile && *firstfile)
+			BEGIN(title); emitString(strlen(firstfile), firstfile);	END;
+		print("<link rev=made href=\"mailto:drh@microsoft.com\">\n");
+		END;
+		print("<body>\n");
+		if (firstfile && *firstfile)
+			BEGIN(h1); emitString(strlen(firstfile), firstfile); END;
+		BEGIN(P); BEGIN(em);
+		print("Links lead from uses of identifiers and labels to their definitions.");
+		END; END;
+		print("<ul>\n");
+		START;
+		print("progbeg");
+		BEGIN(ol);
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+			ITEM;
+			BEGIN(code); print("\""); emitString(strlen(argv[i]), argv[i]); print("\""); END;
+			END;
+		}
+		END;
+		END;
+	}
+}
+
+/* progend - end of program */
+static void I(progend)(void) {
+	START; print("progend"); END;
+	if (html) {
+		time_t t;
+		print("</ul>\n");
+		time(&t);
+		print("<hr><address>%s</address>\n", ctime(&t));
+		print("</body></html>\n");
+	}
+}
+
+/* segment - switch to segment s */
+static void I(segment)(int s) {
+	START; print("segment %s", &"text\0bss\0.data\0lit\0.sym\0."[5*s-5]); END;
+}
+
+/* space - initialize n bytes of space */
+static void I(space)(int n) {
+	START; print("space %d", n); END;
+}
+
+static void I(stabblock)(int brace, int lev, Symbol *p) {}
+
+/* stabend - finalize stab output */
+static void I(stabend)(Coordinate *cp, Symbol p, Coordinate **cpp, Symbol *sp, Symbol *stab) {
+	int i;
+
+	if (p)
+		emitSymRef(p);
+	print("\n");
+	if (cpp && sp)
+		for (i = 0; cpp[i] && sp[i]; i++) {
+			print("%w.%d: ", cpp[i], cpp[i]->x);
+			emitSymRef(sp[i]);
+			print("\n");
+		}
+}
+
+static void I(stabfend)(Symbol p, int lineno) {}
+static void I(stabinit)(char *file, int argc, char *argv[]) {}
+
+/* stabline - emit line number information for source coordinate *cp */
+static void I(stabline)(Coordinate *cp) {
+	if (cp->file)
+		print("%s:", cp->file);
+	print("%d.%d:\n", cp->y, cp->x);
+}
+
+static void I(stabsym)(Symbol p) {}
+static void I(stabtype)(Symbol p) {}
+
+Interface symbolicIR = {
+	{1, 1, 0},	/* char */
+	{2, 2, 0},	/* short */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* int */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* long */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* long long */
+	{4, 4, 1},	/* float */
+	{8, 8, 1},	/* double */
+	{8, 8, 1},	/* long double */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* T* */
+	{0, 4, 0},	/* struct */
+	0,		/* little_endian */
+	0,		/* mulops_calls */
+	0,		/* wants_callb */
+	1,		/* wants_argb */
+	1,		/* left_to_right */
+	1,		/* wants_dag */
+	0,		/* unsigned_char */
+	I(address),
+	I(blockbeg),
+	I(blockend),
+	I(defaddress),
+	I(defconst),
+	I(defstring),
+	I(defsymbol),
+	I(emit),
+	I(export),
+	I(function),
+	I(gen),
+	I(global),
+	I(import),
+	I(local),
+	I(progbeg),
+	I(progend),
+	I(segment),
+	I(space),
+	I(stabblock),
+	I(stabend),
+	I(stabfend),
+	I(stabinit),
+	I(stabline),
+	I(stabsym),
+	I(stabtype)
+};
+
+Interface symbolic64IR = {
+	{1, 1, 0},	/* char */
+	{2, 2, 0},	/* short */
+	{4, 4, 0},	/* int */
+	{8, 8, 0},	/* long */
+	{8, 8, 0},	/* long long */
+	{4, 4, 1},	/* float */
+	{8, 8, 1},	/* double */
+	{8, 8, 1},	/* long double */
+	{8, 8, 0},	/* T* */
+	{0, 1, 0},	/* struct */
+	1,		/* little_endian */
+	0,		/* mulops_calls */
+	0,		/* wants_callb */
+	1,		/* wants_argb */
+	1,		/* left_to_right */
+	1,		/* wants_dag */
+	0,		/* unsigned_char */
+	I(address),
+	I(blockbeg),
+	I(blockend),
+	I(defaddress),
+	I(defconst),
+	I(defstring),
+	I(defsymbol),
+	I(emit),
+	I(export),
+	I(function),
+	I(gen),
+	I(global),
+	I(import),
+	I(local),
+	I(progbeg),
+	I(progend),
+	I(segment),
+	I(space),
+	I(stabblock),
+	I(stabend),
+	I(stabfend),
+	I(stabinit),
+	I(stabline),
+	I(stabsym),
+	I(stabtype)
+};
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/token.h b/src/tools/lcc/src/token.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d309f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/token.h
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+xx(symbol,	value,	prec,	op,	optree,	kind,	string)
+*/
+yy(0,         0, 0,  0,    0,      0,      0)
+xx(FLOAT,     1, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "float")
+xx(DOUBLE,    2, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "double")
+xx(CHAR,      3, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "char")
+xx(SHORT,     4, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "short")
+xx(INT,       5, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "int")
+xx(UNSIGNED,  6, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "unsigned")
+xx(POINTER,   7, 0,  0,    0,      0,      "pointer")
+xx(VOID,      8, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "void")
+xx(STRUCT,    9, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "struct")
+xx(UNION,    10, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "union")
+xx(FUNCTION, 11, 0,  0,    0,      0,      "function")
+xx(ARRAY,    12, 0,  0,    0,      0,      "array")
+xx(ENUM,     13, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "enum")
+xx(LONG,     14, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "long")
+xx(CONST,    15, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "const")
+xx(VOLATILE, 16, 0,  0,    0,      CHAR,   "volatile")
+yy(0,        17,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        18,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        19,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        20,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        21,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        22,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        23,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        24,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        25,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        26,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        27,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        28,     0,      0,    0,      0,      "long long")
+yy(0,        29,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        30,     0,      0,    0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,        31,     0,      0,    0,      0,      "const volatile")
+xx(ID,       32,     0,      0,    0,      ID,     "identifier")
+yy(0,        33,     0,      0,    0,      ID,     "!")
+xx(FCON,     34,     0,      0,    0,      ID,     "floating constant")
+xx(ICON,     35,     0,      0,    0,      ID,     "integer constant")
+xx(SCON,     36,     0,      0,    0,      ID,     "string constant")
+yy(0,        37,     13,     MOD,  bittree,'%',    "%")
+yy(0,        38,     8,      BAND, bittree,ID,     "&")
+xx(INCR,     39,     0,      ADD,  addtree,ID,     "++")
+yy(0,        40,     0,      0,    0,      ID,     "(")
+yy(0,        41,     0,      0,    0,      ')',    ")")
+yy(0,        42, 13, MUL,  multree,ID,     "*")
+yy(0,        43, 12, ADD,  addtree,ID,     "+")
+yy(0,        44, 1,  0,    0,      ',',    ",")
+yy(0,        45, 12, SUB,  subtree,ID,     "-")
+yy(0,        46, 0,  0,    0,      '.',    ".")
+yy(0,        47, 13, DIV,  multree,'/',    "/")
+xx(DECR,     48, 0,  SUB,  subtree,ID,     "--")
+xx(DEREF,    49, 0,  0,    0,      DEREF,  "->")
+xx(ANDAND,   50, 5,  AND,  andtree,ANDAND, "&&")
+xx(OROR,     51, 4,  OR,   andtree,OROR,   "||")
+xx(LEQ,      52, 10, LE,   cmptree,LEQ,    "<=")
+xx(EQL,         53,     9,      EQ,     eqtree, EQL,    "==")
+xx(NEQ,         54,     9,      NE,     eqtree, NEQ,    "!=")
+xx(GEQ,         55,     10,     GE,     cmptree,GEQ,    ">=")
+xx(RSHIFT,      56,     11,     RSH,    shtree, RSHIFT, ">>")
+xx(LSHIFT,      57,     11,     LSH,    shtree, LSHIFT, "<<")
+yy(0,           58,     0,      0,      0,      ':',    ":")
+yy(0,           59,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     ";")
+yy(0,           60,     10,     LT,     cmptree,'<',    "<")
+yy(0,           61,     2,      ASGN,   asgntree,'=',   "=")
+yy(0,           62,     10,     GT,     cmptree,'>',    ">")
+yy(0,           63,     0,      0,      0,      '?',    "?")
+xx(ELLIPSIS,    64,     0,      0,      0,      ELLIPSIS,"...")
+xx(SIZEOF,      65,     0,      0,      0,      ID,     "sizeof")
+yy(0,           66,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+xx(AUTO,        67,     0,      0,      0,      STATIC, "auto")
+xx(BREAK,       68,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "break")
+xx(CASE,        69,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "case")
+xx(CONTINUE,    70,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "continue")
+xx(DEFAULT,     71,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "default")
+xx(DO,          72,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "do")
+xx(ELSE,        73,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "else")
+xx(EXTERN,      74,     0,      0,      0,      STATIC, "extern")
+xx(FOR,         75,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "for")
+xx(GOTO,        76,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "goto")
+xx(IF,          77,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "if")
+xx(REGISTER,    78,     0,      0,      0,      STATIC, "register")
+xx(RETURN,      79,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "return")
+xx(SIGNED,      80,     0,      0,      0,      CHAR,   "signed")
+xx(STATIC,      81,     0,      0,      0,      STATIC, "static")
+xx(SWITCH,      82,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "switch")
+xx(TYPEDEF,     83,     0,      0,      0,      STATIC, "typedef")
+xx(WHILE,       84,     0,      0,      0,      IF,     "while")
+xx(TYPECODE,    85,     0,      0,      0,      ID,     "__typecode")
+xx(FIRSTARG,    86,     0,      0,      0,      ID,     "__firstarg")
+yy(0,           87,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           88,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           89,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           90,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           91,     0,      0,      0,      '[',    "[")
+yy(0,           92,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           93,     0,      0,      0,      ']',    "]")
+yy(0,           94,     7,      BXOR,   bittree,'^',    "^")
+yy(0,           95,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           96,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           97,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           98,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           99,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           100,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           101,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           102,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           103,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           104,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           105,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           106,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           107,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           108,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           109,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           110,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           111,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           112,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           113,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           114,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           115,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           116,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           117,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           118,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           119,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           120,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           121,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           122,    0,      0,      0,      0,      0)
+yy(0,           123,    0,      0,      0,      IF,     "{")
+yy(0,           124,    6,      BOR,    bittree,'|',    "|")
+yy(0,           125,    0,      0,      0,      '}',    "}")
+yy(0,           126,    0,      BCOM,   0,      ID,     "~")
+xx(EOI,         127,    0,      0,      0,      EOI,    "end of input")
+#undef xx
+#undef yy
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/trace.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/trace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b9ba78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/trace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static char *fmt, *fp, *fmtend;	/* format string, current & limit pointer */
+static Tree args;		/* printf arguments */
+static Symbol frameno;		/* local holding frame number */
+
+/* appendstr - append str to the evolving format string, expanding it if necessary */
+static void appendstr(char *str) {
+	do
+		if (fp == fmtend) {
+			if (fp) {
+				char *s = allocate(2*(fmtend - fmt), FUNC);
+				strncpy(s, fmt, fmtend - fmt);
+				fp = s + (fmtend - fmt);
+				fmtend = s + 2*(fmtend - fmt);
+				fmt = s;
+			} else {
+				fp = fmt = allocate(80, FUNC);
+				fmtend = fmt + 80;
+			}
+		}
+	while ((*fp++ = *str++) != 0);
+	fp--;
+}
+
+/* tracevalue - append format and argument to print the value of e */
+static void tracevalue(Tree e, int lev) {
+	Type ty = unqual(e->type);
+
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case INT:
+		if (ty == chartype || ty == signedchar)
+			appendstr("'\\x%02x'");
+		else if (ty == longtype)
+			appendstr("0x%ld");
+		else
+			appendstr("0x%d");
+		break;
+	case UNSIGNED:
+		if (ty == chartype || ty == unsignedchar)
+			appendstr("'\\x%02x'");
+		else if (ty == unsignedlong)
+			appendstr("0x%lx");
+		else
+			appendstr("0x%x");
+		break;
+	case FLOAT:
+		if (ty == longdouble)
+			appendstr("%Lg");
+		else
+			appendstr("%g");
+		break;
+	case POINTER:
+		if (unqual(ty->type) == chartype
+		||  unqual(ty->type) == signedchar
+		||  unqual(ty->type) == unsignedchar) {
+			static Symbol null;
+			if (null == NULL)
+				null = mkstr("(null)");
+			tracevalue(cast(e, unsignedtype), lev + 1);
+			appendstr(" \"%.30s\"");
+			e = condtree(e, e, pointer(idtree(null->u.c.loc)));
+		} else {
+			appendstr("("); appendstr(typestring(ty, "")); appendstr(")0x%x");
+		}
+		break;
+	case STRUCT: {
+		Field q;
+		appendstr("("); appendstr(typestring(ty, "")); appendstr("){");
+		for (q = ty->u.sym->u.s.flist; q; q = q->link) {
+			appendstr(q->name); appendstr("=");
+			tracevalue(field(addrof(e), q->name), lev + 1);
+			if (q->link)
+				appendstr(",");
+		}
+		appendstr("}");
+		return;
+		}
+	case UNION:
+		appendstr("("); appendstr(typestring(ty, "")); appendstr("){...}");
+		return;
+	case ARRAY:
+		if (lev && ty->type->size > 0) {
+			int i;
+			e = pointer(e);
+			appendstr("{");
+			for (i = 0; i < ty->size/ty->type->size; i++) {
+				Tree p = (*optree['+'])(ADD, e, consttree(i, inttype));
+				if (isptr(p->type) && isarray(p->type->type))
+					p = retype(p, p->type->type);
+				else
+					p = rvalue(p);
+				if (i)
+					appendstr(",");
+				tracevalue(p, lev + 1);
+			}
+			appendstr("}");
+		} else
+			appendstr(typestring(ty, ""));
+		return;
+	default:
+		assert(0);
+	}
+	e = cast(e, promote(ty));
+	args = tree(mkop(ARG,e->type), e->type, e, args);
+}
+
+/* tracefinis - complete & generate the trace call to print */
+static void tracefinis(Symbol printer) {
+	Tree *ap;
+	Symbol p;
+
+	*fp = 0;
+	p = mkstr(string(fmt));
+	for (ap = &args; *ap; ap = &(*ap)->kids[1])
+		;
+	*ap = tree(ARG+P, charptype, pointer(idtree(p->u.c.loc)), 0);
+	walk(calltree(pointer(idtree(printer)), freturn(printer->type), args, NULL), 0, 0);
+	args = 0;
+	fp = fmtend = 0;
+}
+
+/* tracecall - generate code to trace entry to f */
+static void tracecall(Symbol printer, Symbol f) {
+	int i;
+	Symbol counter = genident(STATIC, inttype, GLOBAL);
+
+	defglobal(counter, BSS);
+	(*IR->space)(counter->type->size);
+	frameno = genident(AUTO, inttype, level);
+	addlocal(frameno);
+	appendstr(f->name); appendstr("#");
+	tracevalue(asgn(frameno, incr(INCR, idtree(counter), consttree(1, inttype))), 0);
+	appendstr("(");
+	for (i = 0; f->u.f.callee[i]; i++) {
+		if (i)
+			appendstr(",");
+		appendstr(f->u.f.callee[i]->name); appendstr("=");
+		tracevalue(idtree(f->u.f.callee[i]), 0);
+	}
+	if (variadic(f->type))
+		appendstr(",...");
+	appendstr(") called\n");
+	tracefinis(printer);
+}
+
+/* tracereturn - generate code to trace return e */
+static void tracereturn(Symbol printer, Symbol f, Tree e) {
+	appendstr(f->name); appendstr("#");
+	tracevalue(idtree(frameno), 0);
+	appendstr(" returned");
+	if (freturn(f->type) != voidtype && e) {
+		appendstr(" ");
+		tracevalue(e, 0);
+	}
+	appendstr("\n");
+	tracefinis(printer);
+}
+
+/* trace_init - initialize for tracing */
+void trace_init(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i;
+	static int inited;
+
+	if (inited)
+		return;
+	inited = 1;
+	type_init(argc, argv);
+	if (IR)
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+			if (strncmp(argv[i], "-t", 2) == 0 &&  strchr(argv[i], '=') == NULL) {
+				Symbol printer = mksymbol(EXTERN,
+					argv[i][2] ? &argv[i][2] : "printf",
+				ftype(inttype, ptr(qual(CONST, chartype))));
+				printer->defined = 0;
+				attach((Apply)tracecall,   printer, &events.entry);
+				attach((Apply)tracereturn, printer, &events.returns);
+				break;
+			}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/tree.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2b6a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+int where = STMT;
+static int warn;
+static int nid = 1;		/* identifies trees & nodes in debugging output */
+static struct nodeid {
+	int printed;
+	Tree node;
+} ids[500];			/* if ids[i].node == p, then p's id is i */
+
+static void printtree1(Tree, int, int);
+
+Tree tree(int op, Type type, Tree left, Tree right) {
+	Tree p;
+
+	NEW0(p, where);
+	p->op = op;
+	p->type = type;
+	p->kids[0] = left;
+	p->kids[1] = right;
+	return p;
+}
+
+Tree texpr(Tree (*f)(int), int tok, int a) {
+	int save = where;
+	Tree p;
+
+	where = a;
+	p = (*f)(tok);
+	where = save;
+	return p;
+}
+static Tree root1(Tree p) {
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return p;
+	if (p->type == voidtype)
+		warn++;
+	switch (generic(p->op)) {
+	case COND: {
+		Tree q = p->kids[1];
+		assert(q && q->op == RIGHT);
+		if (p->u.sym && q->kids[0] && generic(q->kids[0]->op) == ASGN)
+			q->kids[0] = root1(q->kids[0]->kids[1]);
+		else
+			q->kids[0] = root1(q->kids[0]);
+		if (p->u.sym && q->kids[1] && generic(q->kids[1]->op) == ASGN)
+			q->kids[1] = root1(q->kids[1]->kids[1]);
+		else
+			q->kids[1] = root1(q->kids[1]);
+		p->u.sym = 0;
+		if (q->kids[0] == 0 && q->kids[1] == 0)
+			p = root1(p->kids[0]);
+		}
+		break;
+	case AND: case OR:
+		if ((p->kids[1] = root1(p->kids[1])) == 0)
+			p = root1(p->kids[0]);
+		break;
+	case NOT:
+		if (warn++ == 0)
+			warning("expression with no effect elided\n");
+		return root1(p->kids[0]);
+	case RIGHT:
+		if (p->kids[1] == 0)
+			return root1(p->kids[0]);
+		if (p->kids[0] && p->kids[0]->op == CALL+B
+		&&  p->kids[1] && p->kids[1]->op == INDIR+B)
+			/* avoid premature release of the CALL+B temporary */
+			return p->kids[0];
+		if (p->kids[0] && p->kids[0]->op == RIGHT
+		&&  p->kids[1] == p->kids[0]->kids[0])
+			/* de-construct e++ construction */
+			return p->kids[0]->kids[1];
+		p = tree(RIGHT, p->type, root1(p->kids[0]), root1(p->kids[1]));
+		return p->kids[0] || p->kids[1] ? p : (Tree)0;
+	case EQ:  case NE:  case GT:   case GE:  case LE:  case LT: 
+	case ADD: case SUB: case MUL:  case DIV: case MOD:
+	case LSH: case RSH: case BAND: case BOR: case BXOR:
+		if (warn++ == 0)
+			warning("expression with no effect elided\n");
+		p = tree(RIGHT, p->type, root1(p->kids[0]), root1(p->kids[1]));
+		return p->kids[0] || p->kids[1] ? p : (Tree)0;
+	case INDIR:
+		if (p->type->size == 0 && unqual(p->type) != voidtype)
+			warning("reference to `%t' elided\n", p->type);
+		if (isptr(p->kids[0]->type) && isvolatile(p->kids[0]->type->type))
+			warning("reference to `volatile %t' elided\n", p->type);
+		/* fall thru */
+	case CVI: case CVF: case CVU: case CVP:
+	case NEG: case BCOM: case FIELD:
+		if (warn++ == 0)
+			warning("expression with no effect elided\n");
+		return root1(p->kids[0]);
+	case ADDRL: case ADDRG: case ADDRF: case CNST:
+		if (needconst)
+			return p;
+		if (warn++ == 0)
+			warning("expression with no effect elided\n");
+		return NULL;
+	case ARG: case ASGN: case CALL: case JUMP: case LABEL:
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+
+Tree root(Tree p) {
+	warn = 0;
+	return root1(p);
+}
+
+char *opname(int op) {
+	static char *opnames[] = {
+	"",
+	"CNST",
+	"ARG",
+	"ASGN",
+	"INDIR",
+	"CVC",
+	"CVD",
+	"CVF",
+	"CVI",
+	"CVP",
+	"CVS",
+	"CVU",
+	"NEG",
+	"CALL",
+	"*LOAD*",
+	"RET",
+	"ADDRG",
+	"ADDRF",
+	"ADDRL",
+	"ADD",
+	"SUB",
+	"LSH",
+	"MOD",
+	"RSH",
+	"BAND",
+	"BCOM",
+	"BOR",
+	"BXOR",
+	"DIV",
+	"MUL",
+	"EQ",
+	"GE",
+	"GT",
+	"LE",
+	"LT",
+	"NE",
+	"JUMP",
+	"LABEL",
+	"AND",
+	"NOT",
+	"OR",
+	"COND",
+	"RIGHT",
+	"FIELD"
+	}, *suffixes[] = {
+		"0", "F", "D", "C", "S", "I", "U", "P", "V", "B",
+		"10","11","12","13","14","15"
+	};
+
+	if (generic(op) >= AND && generic(op) <= FIELD && opsize(op) == 0)
+		return opnames[opindex(op)];
+	return stringf("%s%s%s",
+		opindex(op) > 0 && opindex(op) < NELEMS(opnames) ?
+			opnames[opindex(op)] : stringd(opindex(op)),
+		suffixes[optype(op)], opsize(op) > 0 ? stringd(opsize(op)) : "");
+}
+
+int nodeid(Tree p) {
+	int i = 1;
+
+	ids[nid].node = p;
+	while (ids[i].node != p)
+		i++;
+	if (i == nid)
+		ids[nid++].printed = 0;
+	return i;
+}
+
+/* printed - return pointer to ids[id].printed */
+int *printed(int id) {
+	if (id)
+		return &ids[id].printed;
+	nid = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* printtree - print tree p on fd */
+void printtree(Tree p, int fd) {
+	(void)printed(0);
+	printtree1(p, fd, 1);
+}
+
+/* printtree1 - recursively print tree p */
+static void printtree1(Tree p, int fd, int lev) {
+	FILE *f = fd == 1 ? stdout : stderr;
+	int i;
+	static char blanks[] = "                                                   ";
+
+	if (p == 0 || *printed(i = nodeid(p)))
+		return;
+	fprint(f, "#%d%S%S", i, blanks, i < 10 ? 2 : i < 100 ? 1 : 0, blanks, lev);
+	fprint(f, "%s %t", opname(p->op), p->type);
+	*printed(i) = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->kids); i++)
+		if (p->kids[i])
+			fprint(f, " #%d", nodeid(p->kids[i]));
+	if (p->op == FIELD && p->u.field)
+		fprint(f, " %s %d..%d", p->u.field->name,
+			fieldsize(p->u.field) + fieldright(p->u.field), fieldright(p->u.field));
+	else if (generic(p->op) == CNST)
+		fprint(f, " %s", vtoa(p->type, p->u.v));
+	else if (p->u.sym)
+		fprint(f, " %s", p->u.sym->name);
+	if (p->node)
+		fprint(f, " node=%p", p->node);
+	fprint(f, "\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(p->kids); i++)
+		printtree1(p->kids[i], fd, lev + 1);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/lcc/src/types.c b/src/tools/lcc/src/types.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aa3d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/lcc/src/types.c
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+#include "c.h"
+#include <float.h>
+
+
+static Field isfield(const char *, Field);
+static Type type(int, Type, int, int, void *);
+
+static struct entry {
+	struct type type;
+	struct entry *link;
+} *typetable[128];
+static int maxlevel;
+
+static Symbol pointersym;
+
+Type chartype;			/* char */
+Type doubletype;		/* double */
+Type floattype;			/* float */
+Type inttype;			/* signed int */
+Type longdouble;		/* long double */
+Type longtype;			/* long */
+Type longlong;			/* long long */
+Type shorttype;			/* signed short int */
+Type signedchar;		/* signed char */
+Type unsignedchar;		/* unsigned char */
+Type unsignedlong;		/* unsigned long int */
+Type unsignedlonglong;		/* unsigned long long int */
+Type unsignedshort;		/* unsigned short int */
+Type unsignedtype;		/* unsigned int */
+Type funcptype;			/* void (*)() */
+Type charptype;			/* char* */
+Type voidptype;			/* void* */
+Type voidtype;			/* basic types: void */
+Type unsignedptr;		/* unsigned type to hold void* */
+Type signedptr;			/* signed type to hold void* */
+Type widechar;			/* unsigned type that represents wchar_t */
+
+static Type xxinit(int op, char *name, Metrics m) {
+	Symbol p = install(string(name), &types, GLOBAL, PERM);
+	Type ty = type(op, 0, m.size, m.align, p);
+
+	assert(ty->align == 0 || ty->size%ty->align == 0);
+	p->type = ty;
+	p->addressed = m.outofline;
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case INT:
+		p->u.limits.max.i = ones(8*ty->size)>>1;
+		p->u.limits.min.i = -p->u.limits.max.i - 1;
+		break;
+	case UNSIGNED:
+		p->u.limits.max.u = ones(8*ty->size);
+		p->u.limits.min.u = 0;
+		break;
+	case FLOAT:
+		if (ty->size == sizeof (float))
+			p->u.limits.max.d =  FLT_MAX;
+		else if (ty->size == sizeof (double))
+			p->u.limits.max.d =  DBL_MAX;
+		else
+			p->u.limits.max.d = LDBL_MAX;
+		p->u.limits.min.d = -p->u.limits.max.d;
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+	return ty;
+}
+static Type type(int op, Type ty, int size, int align, void *sym) {
+	unsigned h = (op^((unsigned long)ty>>3))
+&(NELEMS(typetable)-1);
+	struct entry *tn;
+
+	if (op != FUNCTION && (op != ARRAY || size > 0))
+		for (tn = typetable[h]; tn; tn = tn->link)
+			if (tn->type.op    == op   && tn->type.type  == ty
+			&&  tn->type.size  == size && tn->type.align == align
+			&&  tn->type.u.sym == sym)
+				return &tn->type;
+	NEW0(tn, PERM);
+	tn->type.op = op;
+	tn->type.type = ty;
+	tn->type.size = size;
+	tn->type.align = align;
+	tn->type.u.sym = sym;
+	tn->link = typetable[h];
+	typetable[h] = tn;
+	return &tn->type;
+}
+void type_init(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	static int inited;
+	int i;
+
+	if (inited)
+		return;
+	inited = 1;
+	if (!IR)
+		return;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		int size, align, outofline;
+		if (strncmp(argv[i], "-unsigned_char=", 15) == 0)
+			IR->unsigned_char = argv[i][15] - '0';
+#define xx(name) \
+		else if (sscanf(argv[i], "-" #name "=%d,%d,%d", &size, &align, &outofline) == 3) { \
+			IR->name.size = size; IR->name.align = align; \
+			IR->name.outofline = outofline; }
+	xx(charmetric)
+	xx(shortmetric)
+	xx(intmetric)
+	xx(longmetric)
+	xx(longlongmetric)
+	xx(floatmetric)
+	xx(doublemetric)
+	xx(longdoublemetric)
+	xx(ptrmetric)
+	xx(structmetric)
+#undef xx
+	}
+#define xx(v,name,op,metrics) v=xxinit(op,name,IR->metrics)
+	xx(chartype,        "char",              IR->unsigned_char ? UNSIGNED : INT,charmetric);
+	xx(doubletype,      "double",            FLOAT,   doublemetric);
+	xx(floattype,       "float",             FLOAT,   floatmetric);
+	xx(inttype,         "int",               INT,     intmetric);
+	xx(longdouble,      "long double",       FLOAT,   longdoublemetric);
+	xx(longtype,        "long int",          INT,     longmetric);
+	xx(longlong,        "long long int",     INT,     longlongmetric);
+	xx(shorttype,       "short",             INT,     shortmetric);
+	xx(signedchar,      "signed char",       INT,     charmetric);
+	xx(unsignedchar,    "unsigned char",     UNSIGNED,charmetric);
+	xx(unsignedlong,    "unsigned long",     UNSIGNED,longmetric);
+	xx(unsignedshort,   "unsigned short",    UNSIGNED,shortmetric);
+	xx(unsignedtype,    "unsigned int",      UNSIGNED,intmetric);
+	xx(unsignedlonglong,"unsigned long long",UNSIGNED,longlongmetric);
+#undef xx
+	{
+		Symbol p;
+		p = install(string("void"), &types, GLOBAL, PERM);
+		voidtype = type(VOID, NULL, 0, 0, p);
+		p->type = voidtype;
+	}
+	pointersym = install(string("T*"), &types, GLOBAL, PERM);
+	pointersym->addressed = IR->ptrmetric.outofline;
+	pointersym->u.limits.max.p = (void*)ones(8*IR->ptrmetric.size);
+	pointersym->u.limits.min.p = 0;
+	voidptype = ptr(voidtype);
+	funcptype = ptr(func(voidtype, NULL, 1));
+	charptype = ptr(chartype);
+#define xx(v,t) if (v==NULL && t->size==voidptype->size && t->align==voidptype->align) v=t
+	xx(unsignedptr,unsignedshort);
+	xx(unsignedptr,unsignedtype);
+	xx(unsignedptr,unsignedlong);
+	xx(unsignedptr,unsignedlonglong);
+	if (unsignedptr == NULL)
+		unsignedptr = type(UNSIGNED, NULL, voidptype->size, voidptype->align, voidptype->u.sym);
+	xx(signedptr,shorttype);
+	xx(signedptr,inttype);
+	xx(signedptr,longtype);
+	xx(signedptr,longlong);
+	if (signedptr == NULL)
+		signedptr = type(INT, NULL, voidptype->size, voidptype->align, voidptype->u.sym);
+#undef xx
+	widechar = unsignedshort;
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+#define xx(name,type) \
+		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-wchar_t=" #name) == 0) \
+			widechar = type;
+		xx(unsigned_char,unsignedchar)
+		xx(unsigned_int,unsignedtype)
+		xx(unsigned_short,unsignedshort)
+	}
+#undef xx
+}
+void rmtypes(int lev) {
+	if (maxlevel >= lev) {
+		int i;
+		maxlevel = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < NELEMS(typetable); i++) {
+			struct entry *tn, **tq = &typetable[i];
+			while ((tn = *tq) != NULL)
+				if (tn->type.op == FUNCTION)
+					tq = &tn->link;
+				else if (tn->type.u.sym && tn->type.u.sym->scope >= lev)
+					*tq = tn->link;
+				else {
+					if (tn->type.u.sym && tn->type.u.sym->scope > maxlevel)
+						maxlevel = tn->type.u.sym->scope;
+					tq = &tn->link;
+				}
+
+		}
+	}
+}
+Type ptr(Type ty) {
+	return type(POINTER, ty, IR->ptrmetric.size,
+		IR->ptrmetric.align, pointersym);
+}
+Type deref(Type ty) {
+	if (isptr(ty))
+		ty = ty->type;
+	else
+		error("type error: %s\n", "pointer expected");
+	return isenum(ty) ? unqual(ty)->type : ty;
+}
+Type array(Type ty, int n, int a) {
+	assert(ty);
+	if (isfunc(ty)) {
+		error("illegal type `array of %t'\n", ty);
+		return array(inttype, n, 0);
+	}
+	if (isarray(ty) && ty->size == 0)
+		error("missing array size\n");
+	if (ty->size == 0) {
+		if (unqual(ty) == voidtype)
+			error("illegal type `array of %t'\n", ty);
+		else if (Aflag >= 2)
+			warning("declaring type array of %t' is undefined\n", ty);
+
+	} else if (n > INT_MAX/ty->size) {
+		error("size of `array of %t' exceeds %d bytes\n",
+			ty, INT_MAX);
+		n = 1;
+	}
+	return type(ARRAY, ty, n*ty->size,
+		a ? a : ty->align, NULL);
+}
+Type atop(Type ty) {
+	if (isarray(ty))
+		return ptr(ty->type);
+	error("type error: %s\n", "array expected");
+	return ptr(ty);
+}
+Type qual(int op, Type ty) {
+	if (isarray(ty))
+		ty = type(ARRAY, qual(op, ty->type), ty->size,
+			ty->align, NULL);
+	else if (isfunc(ty))
+		warning("qualified function type ignored\n");
+	else if ((isconst(ty)    && op == CONST)
+	||       (isvolatile(ty) && op == VOLATILE))
+		error("illegal type `%k %t'\n", op, ty);
+	else {
+		if (isqual(ty)) {
+			op += ty->op;
+			ty = ty->type;
+		}
+		ty = type(op, ty, ty->size, ty->align, NULL);
+	}
+	return ty;
+}
+Type func(Type ty, Type *proto, int style) {
+	if (ty && (isarray(ty) || isfunc(ty)))
+		error("illegal return type `%t'\n", ty);
+	ty = type(FUNCTION, ty, 0, 0, NULL);
+	ty->u.f.proto = proto;
+	ty->u.f.oldstyle = style;
+	return ty;
+}
+Type freturn(Type ty) {
+	if (isfunc(ty))
+		return ty->type;
+	error("type error: %s\n", "function expected");
+	return inttype;
+}
+int variadic(Type ty) {
+	if (isfunc(ty) && ty->u.f.proto) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; ty->u.f.proto[i]; i++)
+			;
+		return i > 1 && ty->u.f.proto[i-1] == voidtype;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+Type newstruct(int op, char *tag) {
+	Symbol p;
+
+	assert(tag);
+	if (*tag == 0)
+		tag = stringd(genlabel(1));
+	else
+		if ((p = lookup(tag, types)) != NULL && (p->scope == level
+		|| (p->scope == PARAM && level == PARAM+1))) {
+			if (p->type->op == op && !p->defined)
+				return p->type;
+			error("redefinition of `%s' previously defined at %w\n",
+				p->name, &p->src);
+		}
+	p = install(tag, &types, level, PERM);
+	p->type = type(op, NULL, 0, 0, p);
+	if (p->scope > maxlevel)
+		maxlevel = p->scope;
+	p->src = src;
+	return p->type;
+}
+Field newfield(char *name, Type ty, Type fty) {
+	Field p, *q = &ty->u.sym->u.s.flist;
+
+	if (name == NULL)
+		name = stringd(genlabel(1));
+	for (p = *q; p; q = &p->link, p = *q)
+		if (p->name == name)
+			error("duplicate field name `%s' in `%t'\n",
+				name, ty);
+	NEW0(p, PERM);
+	*q = p;
+	p->name = name;
+	p->type = fty;
+	if (xref) {							/* omit */
+		if (ty->u.sym->u.s.ftab == NULL)			/* omit */
+			ty->u.sym->u.s.ftab = table(NULL, level);	/* omit */
+		install(name, &ty->u.sym->u.s.ftab, 0, PERM)->src = src;/* omit */
+	}								/* omit */
+	return p;
+}
+int eqtype(Type ty1, Type ty2, int ret) {
+	if (ty1 == ty2)
+		return 1;
+	if (ty1->op != ty2->op)
+		return 0;
+	switch (ty1->op) {
+	case ENUM: case UNION: case STRUCT:
+	case UNSIGNED: case INT: case FLOAT:
+		return 0;
+	case POINTER:  return eqtype(ty1->type, ty2->type, 1);
+	case VOLATILE: case CONST+VOLATILE:
+	case CONST:    return eqtype(ty1->type, ty2->type, 1);
+	case ARRAY:    if (eqtype(ty1->type, ty2->type, 1)) {
+		       	if (ty1->size == ty2->size)
+		       		return 1;
+		       	if (ty1->size == 0 || ty2->size == 0)
+		       		return ret;
+		       }
+		       return 0;
+	case FUNCTION: if (eqtype(ty1->type, ty2->type, 1)) {
+		       	Type *p1 = ty1->u.f.proto, *p2 = ty2->u.f.proto;
+		       	if (p1 == p2)
+		       		return 1;
+		       	if (p1 && p2) {
+		       		for ( ; *p1 && *p2; p1++, p2++)
+					if (eqtype(unqual(*p1), unqual(*p2), 1) == 0)
+						return 0;
+				if (*p1 == NULL && *p2 == NULL)
+					return 1;
+		       	} else {
+		       		if (variadic(p1 ? ty1 : ty2))
+					return 0;
+				if (p1 == NULL)
+					p1 = p2;
+				for ( ; *p1; p1++) {
+					Type ty = unqual(*p1);
+					if (promote(ty) != (isenum(ty) ? ty->type : ty))
+						return 0;
+				}
+				return 1;
+		       	}
+		       }
+		       return 0;
+	}
+	assert(0); return 0;
+}
+Type promote(Type ty) {
+	ty = unqual(ty);
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case ENUM:
+		return inttype;
+	case INT:
+		if (ty->size < inttype->size)
+			return inttype;
+		break;
+	case UNSIGNED:
+		if (ty->size < inttype->size)
+			return inttype;
+		if (ty->size < unsignedtype->size)
+			return unsignedtype;
+		break;
+	case FLOAT:
+		if (ty->size < doubletype->size)
+			return doubletype;
+	}
+	return ty;
+}
+Type signedint(Type ty) {
+	if (ty->op == INT)
+		return ty;
+	assert(ty->op == UNSIGNED);
+#define xx(t) if (ty->size == t->size) return t
+	xx(inttype);
+	xx(longtype);
+	xx(longlong);
+#undef xx
+	assert(0); return NULL;
+}
+Type compose(Type ty1, Type ty2) {
+	if (ty1 == ty2)
+		return ty1;
+	assert(ty1->op == ty2->op);
+	switch (ty1->op) {
+	case POINTER:
+		return ptr(compose(ty1->type, ty2->type));
+	case CONST+VOLATILE:
+		return qual(CONST, qual(VOLATILE,
+			compose(ty1->type, ty2->type)));
+	case CONST: case VOLATILE:
+		return qual(ty1->op, compose(ty1->type, ty2->type));
+	case ARRAY:    { Type ty = compose(ty1->type, ty2->type);
+			 if (ty1->size && ((ty1->type->size && ty2->size == 0) || ty1->size == ty2->size))
+			 	return array(ty, ty1->size/ty1->type->size, ty1->align);
+			 if (ty2->size && ty2->type->size && ty1->size == 0)
+			 	return array(ty, ty2->size/ty2->type->size, ty2->align);
+			 return array(ty, 0, 0);    }
+	case FUNCTION: { Type *p1  = ty1->u.f.proto, *p2 = ty2->u.f.proto;
+			 Type ty   = compose(ty1->type, ty2->type);
+			 List tlist = NULL;
+			 if (p1 == NULL && p2 == NULL)
+			 	return func(ty, NULL, 1);
+			 if (p1 && p2 == NULL)
+			 	return func(ty, p1, ty1->u.f.oldstyle);
+			 if (p2 && p1 == NULL)
+			 	return func(ty, p2, ty2->u.f.oldstyle);
+			 for ( ; *p1 && *p2; p1++, p2++) {
+			 	Type ty = compose(unqual(*p1), unqual(*p2));
+			 	if (isconst(*p1)    || isconst(*p2))
+			 		ty = qual(CONST, ty);
+			 	if (isvolatile(*p1) || isvolatile(*p2))
+			 		ty = qual(VOLATILE, ty);
+			 	tlist = append(ty, tlist);
+			 }
+			 assert(*p1 == NULL && *p2 == NULL);
+			 return func(ty, ltov(&tlist, PERM), 0); }
+	}
+	assert(0); return NULL;
+}
+int ttob(Type ty) {
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case CONST: case VOLATILE: case CONST+VOLATILE:
+		return ttob(ty->type);
+	case VOID: case INT: case UNSIGNED: case FLOAT:
+		return ty->op + sizeop(ty->size);
+	case POINTER:
+		return POINTER + sizeop(voidptype->size);
+	case FUNCTION:
+		return POINTER + sizeop(funcptype->size);
+	case ARRAY: case STRUCT: case UNION:
+		return STRUCT;
+	case ENUM:
+		return INT + sizeop(inttype->size);
+	}
+	assert(0); return INT;
+}
+Type btot(int op, int size) {
+#define xx(ty) if (size == (ty)->size) return ty;
+	switch (optype(op)) {
+	case F:
+		xx(floattype);
+		xx(doubletype);
+		xx(longdouble);
+		assert(0); return 0;
+	case I:
+		if (chartype->op == INT)
+			xx(chartype);
+		xx(signedchar);
+		xx(shorttype);
+		xx(inttype);
+		xx(longtype);
+		xx(longlong);
+		assert(0); return 0;
+	case U:
+		if (chartype->op == UNSIGNED)
+			xx(chartype);
+		xx(unsignedchar);
+		xx(unsignedshort);
+		xx(unsignedtype);
+		xx(unsignedlong);
+		xx(unsignedlonglong);
+		assert(0); return 0;
+	case P:
+		xx(voidptype);
+		xx(funcptype);
+		assert(0); return 0;
+	}
+#undef xx
+	assert(0); return 0;
+}
+int hasproto(Type ty) {
+	if (ty == 0)
+		return 1;
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case CONST: case VOLATILE: case CONST+VOLATILE: case POINTER:
+	case ARRAY:
+		return hasproto(ty->type);
+	case FUNCTION:
+		return hasproto(ty->type) && ty->u.f.proto;
+	case STRUCT: case UNION:
+	case VOID:   case FLOAT: case ENUM:  case INT: case UNSIGNED:
+		return 1;
+	}
+	assert(0); return 0;
+}
+/* fieldlist - construct a flat list of fields in type ty */
+Field fieldlist(Type ty) {
+	return ty->u.sym->u.s.flist;
+}
+
+/* fieldref - find field name of type ty, return entry */
+Field fieldref(const char *name, Type ty) {
+	Field p = isfield(name, unqual(ty)->u.sym->u.s.flist);
+
+	if (p && xref) {
+		Symbol q;
+		assert(unqual(ty)->u.sym->u.s.ftab);
+		q = lookup(name, unqual(ty)->u.sym->u.s.ftab);
+		assert(q);
+		use(q, src);
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+
+/* ftype - return a function type for rty function (ty,...)' */
+Type ftype(Type rty, Type ty) {
+	List list = append(ty, NULL);
+
+	list = append(voidtype, list);
+	return func(rty, ltov(&list, PERM), 0);
+}
+
+/* isfield - if name is a field in flist, return pointer to the field structure */
+static Field isfield(const char *name, Field flist) {
+	for ( ; flist; flist = flist->link)
+		if (flist->name == name)
+			break;
+	return flist;
+}
+
+/* outtype - output type ty */
+void outtype(Type ty, FILE *f) {
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	case CONST+VOLATILE: case CONST: case VOLATILE:
+		fprint(f, "%k %t", ty->op, ty->type);
+		break;
+	case STRUCT: case UNION: case ENUM:
+		assert(ty->u.sym);
+		if (ty->size == 0)
+			fprint(f, "incomplete ");
+		assert(ty->u.sym->name);
+		if (*ty->u.sym->name >= '1' && *ty->u.sym->name <= '9') {
+			Symbol p = findtype(ty);
+			if (p == 0)
+				fprint(f, "%k defined at %w", ty->op, &ty->u.sym->src);
+			else
+				fprint(f, p->name);
+		} else {
+			fprint(f, "%k %s", ty->op, ty->u.sym->name);
+			if (ty->size == 0)
+				fprint(f, " defined at %w", &ty->u.sym->src);
+		}
+		break;
+	case VOID: case FLOAT: case INT: case UNSIGNED:
+		fprint(f, ty->u.sym->name);
+		break;
+	case POINTER:
+		fprint(f, "pointer to %t", ty->type);
+		break;
+	case FUNCTION:
+		fprint(f, "%t function", ty->type);
+		if (ty->u.f.proto && ty->u.f.proto[0]) {
+			int i;
+			fprint(f, "(%t", ty->u.f.proto[0]);
+			for (i = 1; ty->u.f.proto[i]; i++)
+				if (ty->u.f.proto[i] == voidtype)
+					fprint(f, ",...");
+				else
+					fprint(f, ",%t", ty->u.f.proto[i]);
+			fprint(f, ")");
+		} else if (ty->u.f.proto && ty->u.f.proto[0] == 0)
+			fprint(f, "(void)");
+
+		break;
+	case ARRAY:
+		if (ty->size > 0 && ty->type && ty->type->size > 0) {
+			fprint(f, "array %d", ty->size/ty->type->size);
+			while (ty->type && isarray(ty->type) && ty->type->type->size > 0) {
+				ty = ty->type;
+				fprint(f, ",%d", ty->size/ty->type->size);
+			}
+		} else
+			fprint(f, "incomplete array");
+		if (ty->type)
+			fprint(f, " of %t", ty->type);
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+}
+
+/* printdecl - output a C declaration for symbol p of type ty */
+void printdecl(Symbol p, Type ty) {
+	switch (p->sclass) {
+	case AUTO:
+		fprint(stderr, "%s;\n", typestring(ty, p->name));
+		break;
+	case STATIC: case EXTERN:
+		fprint(stderr, "%k %s;\n", p->sclass, typestring(ty, p->name));
+		break;
+	case TYPEDEF: case ENUM:
+		break;
+	default: assert(0);
+	}
+}
+
+/* printproto - output a prototype declaration for function p */
+void printproto(Symbol p, Symbol callee[]) {
+	if (p->type->u.f.proto)
+		printdecl(p, p->type);
+	else {
+		int i;
+		List list = 0;
+		if (callee[0] == 0)
+			list = append(voidtype, list);
+		else
+			for (i = 0; callee[i]; i++)
+				list = append(callee[i]->type, list);
+		printdecl(p, func(freturn(p->type), ltov(&list, PERM), 0));
+	}
+}
+
+/* prtype - print details of type ty on f with given indent */
+static void prtype(Type ty, FILE *f, int indent, unsigned mark) {
+	switch (ty->op) {
+	default:
+		fprint(f, "(%d %d %d [%p])", ty->op, ty->size, ty->align, ty->u.sym);
+		break;
+	case FLOAT: case INT: case UNSIGNED: case VOID:
+		fprint(f, "(%k %d %d [\"%s\"])", ty->op, ty->size, ty->align, ty->u.sym->name);
+		break;
+	case CONST+VOLATILE: case CONST: case VOLATILE: case POINTER: case ARRAY:
+		fprint(f, "(%k %d %d ", ty->op, ty->size, ty->align);
+		prtype(ty->type, f, indent+1, mark);
+		fprint(f, ")");
+		break;
+	case STRUCT: case UNION:
+		fprint(f, "(%k %d %d [\"%s\"]", ty->op, ty->size, ty->align, ty->u.sym->name);
+		if (ty->x.marked != mark) {
+			Field p;
+			ty->x.marked = mark;
+			for (p = ty->u.sym->u.s.flist; p; p = p->link) {
+				fprint(f, "\n%I", indent+1);
+				prtype(p->type, f, indent+1, mark);
+				fprint(f, " %s@%d", p->name, p->offset);
+				if (p->lsb)
+					fprint(f, ":%d..%d",
+						fieldsize(p) + fieldright(p), fieldright(p));
+			}
+			fprint(f, "\n%I", indent);
+		}
+		fprint(f, ")");
+		break;
+	case ENUM:
+		fprint(f, "(%k %d %d [\"%s\"]", ty->op, ty->size, ty->align, ty->u.sym->name);
+		if (ty->x.marked != mark) {
+			int i;
+			Symbol *p = ty->u.sym->u.idlist;
+			ty->x.marked = mark;
+			for (i = 0; p[i] != NULL; i++)
+				fprint(f, "%I%s=%d\n", indent+1, p[i]->name, p[i]->u.value);
+		}
+		fprint(f, ")");
+		break;
+	case FUNCTION:
+		fprint(f, "(%k %d %d ", ty->op, ty->size, ty->align);
+		prtype(ty->type, f, indent+1, mark);
+		if (ty->u.f.proto) {
+			int i;
+			fprint(f, "\n%I{", indent+1);
+			for (i = 0; ty->u.f.proto[i]; i++) {
+				if (i > 0)
+					fprint(f, "%I", indent+2);
+				prtype(ty->u.f.proto[i], f, indent+2, mark);
+				fprint(f, "\n");
+			}
+			fprint(f, "%I}", indent+1);
+		}
+		fprint(f, ")");
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* printtype - print details of type ty on fd */
+void printtype(Type ty, int fd) {
+	static unsigned mark;
+	prtype(ty, fd == 1 ? stdout : stderr, 0, ++mark);
+	fprint(fd == 1 ? stdout : stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+/* typestring - return ty as C declaration for str, which may be "" */
+char *typestring(Type ty, char *str) {
+	for ( ; ty; ty = ty->type) {
+		Symbol p;
+		switch (ty->op) {
+		case CONST+VOLATILE: case CONST: case VOLATILE:
+			if (isptr(ty->type))
+				str = stringf("%k %s", ty->op, str);
+			else
+				return stringf("%k %s", ty->op, typestring(ty->type, str));
+			break;
+		case STRUCT: case UNION: case ENUM:
+			assert(ty->u.sym);
+			if ((p = findtype(ty)) != NULL)
+				return *str ? stringf("%s %s", p->name, str) : p->name;
+			if (*ty->u.sym->name >= '1' && *ty->u.sym->name <= '9')
+				warning("unnamed %k in prototype\n", ty->op);
+			if (*str)
+				return stringf("%k %s %s", ty->op, ty->u.sym->name, str);
+			else
+				return stringf("%k %s", ty->op, ty->u.sym->name);
+		case VOID: case FLOAT: case INT: case UNSIGNED:
+			return *str ? stringf("%s %s", ty->u.sym->name, str) : ty->u.sym->name;
+		case POINTER:
+			if (!ischar(ty->type) && (p = findtype(ty)) != NULL)
+				return *str ? stringf("%s %s", p->name, str) : p->name;
+			str = stringf(isarray(ty->type) || isfunc(ty->type) ? "(*%s)" : "*%s", str);
+			break;
+		case FUNCTION:
+			if ((p = findtype(ty)) != NULL)
+				return *str ? stringf("%s %s", p->name, str) : p->name;
+			if (ty->u.f.proto == 0)
+				str = stringf("%s()", str);
+			else if (ty->u.f.proto[0]) {
+				int i;
+				str = stringf("%s(%s", str, typestring(ty->u.f.proto[0], ""));
+				for (i = 1; ty->u.f.proto[i]; i++)
+					if (ty->u.f.proto[i] == voidtype)
+						str = stringf("%s, ...", str);
+					else
+						str = stringf("%s, %s", str, typestring(ty->u.f.proto[i], ""));
+				str = stringf("%s)", str);
+			} else
+				str = stringf("%s(void)", str);
+			break;
+		case ARRAY:
+			if ((p = findtype(ty)) != NULL)
+				return *str ? stringf("%s %s", p->name, str) : p->name;
+			if (ty->type && ty->type->size > 0)
+				str = stringf("%s[%d]", str, ty->size/ty->type->size);
+			else
+				str = stringf("%s[]", str);
+			break;
+		default: assert(0);
+		}
+	}
+	assert(0); return 0;
+}
+